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Jiaqi Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Jiaqi Wang.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
arXiv2024

Large Language Models for Robotics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains. Notably, in the realm of robot task planning, LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension capabilities to formulate precise and efficient action plans based on natural language instructions. However, for embodied tasks, where robots interact with complex environments, text-only LLMs often face challenges due to a lack of compatibility with robotic visual perception. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging integration of LLMs and multimodal LLMs into various robotic tasks. Additionally, we propose a framework that utilizes multimodal GPT-4V to enhance embodied task planning through the combination of natural language instructions and robot visual perceptions. Our results, based on diverse datasets, indicate that GPT-4V effectively enhances robot performance in embodied tasks. This extensive survey and evaluation of LLMs and multimodal LLMs across a variety of robotic tasks enriches the understanding of LLM-centric embodied intelligence and provides forward-looking insights toward bridging the gap in Human-Robot-Environment interaction.

cs.RO↗
arXiv2024

TechGPT-2.0: A large language model project to solve the task of knowledge graph construction

Large language models have exhibited robust performance across diverse natural language processing tasks. This report introduces TechGPT-2.0, a project designed to enhance the capabilities of large language models specifically in knowledge graph construction tasks, including named entity recognition (NER) and relationship triple extraction (RTE) tasks in NLP applications. Additionally, it serves as a LLM accessible for research within the Chinese open-source model community. We offer two 7B large language model weights and a QLoRA weight specialized for processing lengthy texts.Notably, TechGPT-2.0 is trained on Huawei's Ascend server. Inheriting all functionalities from TechGPT-1.0, it exhibits robust text processing capabilities, particularly in the domains of medicine and law. Furthermore, we introduce new capabilities to the model, enabling it to process texts in various domains such as geographical areas, transportation, organizations, literary works, biology, natural sciences, astronomical objects, and architecture. These enhancements also fortified the model's adeptness in handling hallucinations, unanswerable queries, and lengthy texts. This report provides a comprehensive and detailed introduction to the full fine-tuning process on Huawei's Ascend servers, encompassing experiences in Ascend server debugging, instruction fine-tuning data processing, and model training. Our code is available at https://github.com/neukg/TechGPT-2.0

cs.CL↗
arXiv2024

Understanding LLMs: A Comprehensive Overview from Training to Inference

The introduction of ChatGPT has led to a significant increase in the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for addressing downstream tasks. There's an increasing focus on cost-efficient training and deployment within this context. Low-cost training and deployment of LLMs represent the future development trend. This paper reviews the evolution of large language model training techniques and inference deployment technologies aligned with this emerging trend. The discussion on training includes various aspects, including data preprocessing, training architecture, pre-training tasks, parallel training, and relevant content related to model fine-tuning. On the inference side, the paper covers topics such as model compression, parallel computation, memory scheduling, and structural optimization. It also explores LLMs' utilization and provides insights into their future development.

cs.CL↗
arXiv2023

Gemini vs GPT-4V: A Preliminary Comparison and Combination of Vision-Language Models Through Qualitative Cases

The rapidly evolving sector of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is at the forefront of integrating linguistic and visual processing in artificial intelligence. This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of two pioneering models: Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4V(ision). Our study involves a multi-faceted evaluation of both models across key dimensions such as Vision-Language Capability, Interaction with Humans, Temporal Understanding, and assessments in both Intelligence and Emotional Quotients. The core of our analysis delves into the distinct visual comprehension abilities of each model. We conducted a series of structured experiments to evaluate their performance in various industrial application scenarios, offering a comprehensive perspective on their practical utility. We not only involve direct performance comparisons but also include adjustments in prompts and scenarios to ensure a balanced and fair analysis. Our findings illuminate the unique strengths and niches of both models. GPT-4V distinguishes itself with its precision and succinctness in responses, while Gemini excels in providing detailed, expansive answers accompanied by relevant imagery and links. These understandings not only shed light on the comparative merits of Gemini and GPT-4V but also underscore the evolving landscape of multimodal foundation models, paving the way for future advancements in this area. After the comparison, we attempted to achieve better results by combining the two models. Finally, We would like to express our profound gratitude to the teams behind GPT-4V and Gemini for their pioneering contributions to the field. Our acknowledgments are also extended to the comprehensive qualitative analysis presented in 'Dawn' by Yang et al. This work, with its extensive collection of image samples, prompts, and GPT-4V-related results, provided a foundational basis for our analysis.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

InternLM-XComposer: A Vision-Language Large Model for Advanced Text-image Comprehension and Composition

We propose InternLM-XComposer, a vision-language large model that enables advanced image-text comprehension and composition. The innovative nature of our model is highlighted by three appealing properties: 1) Interleaved Text-Image Composition: InternLM-XComposer can effortlessly generate coherent and contextual articles that seamlessly integrate images, providing a more engaging and immersive reading experience. Simply provide a writing instruction, and our system will generate the corresponding manuscript. It can intelligently identify the areas in the text where images would enhance the content and automatically insert the most appropriate visual candidates. 2) Comprehension with Rich Multilingual Knowledge: The text-image comprehension is empowered by training on an extensive multi-modal multilingual database with carefully crafted strategies, resulting in a deep understanding of visual content. 3) State-of-the-art Performance: Our model consistently achieves state-of-the-art results across various mainstream benchmarks for vision-language foundational models, including MME Benchmark, MMBench, MMBench-CN, Seed-Bench, CCBench (Chinese Cultural Benchmark), QBench and Tiny LVLM. Owing to the absence of established metrics for quantitatively assessing text-image composition, we have devised a robust evaluation procedure that comprises both human and GPT4-Vision (GPT4-V) to ensure reliability. Notably, our InternLM-XComposer achieves competitive text-image composition scores compared to public solutions, including GPT4-V and GPT3.5. Collectively, InternLM-XComposer seamlessly blends advanced text-image comprehension and composition, revolutionizing vision-language interaction and offering new insights and opportunities. The InternLM-XComposer model series are publicly available at https://github.com/InternLM/InternLM-XComposer.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

Alpha-CLIP: A CLIP Model Focusing on Wherever You Want

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) plays an essential role in extracting valuable content information from images across diverse tasks. It aligns textual and visual modalities to comprehend the entire image, including all the details, even those irrelevant to specific tasks. However, for a finer understanding and controlled editing of images, it becomes crucial to focus on specific regions of interest, which can be indicated as points, masks, or boxes by humans or perception models. To fulfill the requirements, we introduce Alpha-CLIP, an enhanced version of CLIP with an auxiliary alpha channel to suggest attentive regions and fine-tuned with constructed millions of RGBA region-text pairs. Alpha-CLIP not only preserves the visual recognition ability of CLIP but also enables precise control over the emphasis of image contents. It demonstrates effectiveness in various tasks, including but not limited to open-world recognition, multimodal large language models, and conditional 2D / 3D generation. It has a strong potential to serve as a versatile tool for image-related tasks.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

HyperDreamer: Hyper-Realistic 3D Content Generation and Editing from a Single Image

3D content creation from a single image is a long-standing yet highly desirable task. Recent advances introduce 2D diffusion priors, yielding reasonable results. However, existing methods are not hyper-realistic enough for post-generation usage, as users cannot view, render and edit the resulting 3D content from a full range. To address these challenges, we introduce HyperDreamer with several key designs and appealing properties: 1) Viewable: 360 degree mesh modeling with high-resolution textures enables the creation of visually compelling 3D models from a full range of observation points. 2) Renderable: Fine-grained semantic segmentation and data-driven priors are incorporated as guidance to learn reasonable albedo, roughness, and specular properties of the materials, enabling semantic-aware arbitrary material estimation. 3) Editable: For a generated model or their own data, users can interactively select any region via a few clicks and efficiently edit the texture with text-based guidance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of HyperDreamer in modeling region-aware materials with high-resolution textures and enabling user-friendly editing. We believe that HyperDreamer holds promise for advancing 3D content creation and finding applications in various domains.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

Unveiling Backdoor Risks Brought by Foundation Models in Heterogeneous Federated Learning

The foundation models (FMs) have been used to generate synthetic public datasets for the heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) problem where each client uses a unique model architecture. However, the vulnerabilities of integrating FMs, especially against backdoor attacks, are not well-explored in the HFL contexts. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack mechanism for HFL that circumvents the need for client compromise or ongoing participation in the FL process. This method plants and transfers the backdoor through a generated synthetic public dataset, which could help evade existing backdoor defenses in FL by presenting normal client behaviors. Empirical experiments across different HFL configurations and benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack compared to traditional client-based attacks. Our findings reveal significant security risks in developing robust FM-assisted HFL systems. This research contributes to enhancing the safety and integrity of FL systems, highlighting the need for advanced security measures in the era of FMs.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2023

ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captions

In the realm of large multi-modal models (LMMs), efficient modality alignment is crucial yet often constrained by the scarcity of high-quality image-text data. To address this bottleneck, we introduce the ShareGPT4V dataset, a pioneering large-scale resource featuring 1.2 million highly descriptive captions, which surpasses existing datasets in diversity and information content, covering world knowledge, object properties, spatial relationships, and aesthetic evaluations. Specifically, ShareGPT4V originates from a curated 100K high-quality captions collected from advanced GPT4-Vision and has been expanded to 1.2M with a superb caption model trained on this subset. ShareGPT4V first demonstrates its effectiveness for the Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) phase, by substituting an equivalent quantity of detailed captions in existing SFT datasets with a subset of our high-quality captions, significantly enhancing the LMMs like LLaVA-7B, LLaVA-1.5-13B, and Qwen-VL-Chat-7B on the MME and MMBench benchmarks, with respective gains of 222.8/22.0/22.3 and 2.7/1.3/1.5. We further incorporate ShareGPT4V data into both the pre-training and SFT phases, obtaining ShareGPT4V-7B, a superior LMM based on a simple architecture that has remarkable performance across a majority of the multi-modal benchmarks. This project is available at https://ShareGPT4V.github.io to serve as a pivotal resource for advancing the LMMs community.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

Intelligent machines work in unstructured environments by differential neuromorphic computing

Efficient operation of intelligent machines in the real world requires methods that allow them to understand and predict the uncertainties presented by the unstructured environments with good accuracy, scalability and generalization, similar to humans. Current methods rely on pretrained networks instead of continuously learning from the dynamic signal properties of working environments and suffer inherent limitations, such as data-hungry procedures, and limited generalization capabilities. Herein, we present a memristor-based differential neuromorphic computing, perceptual signal processing and learning method for intelligent machines. The main features of environmental information such as amplification (>720%) and adaptation (<50%) of mechanical stimuli encoded in memristors, are extracted to obtain human-like processing in unstructured environments. The developed method takes advantage of the intrinsic multi-state property of memristors and exhibits good scalability and generalization, as confirmed by validation in two different application scenarios: object grasping and autonomous driving. In the former, a robot hand experimentally realizes safe and stable grasping through fast learning (in ~1 ms) the unknown object features (e.g., sharp corner and smooth surface) with a single memristor. In the latter, the decision-making information of 10 unstructured environments in autonomous driving (e.g., overtaking cars, pedestrians) is accurately (94%) extracted with a 40*25 memristor array. By mimicking the intrinsic nature of human low-level perception mechanisms, the electronic memristive neuromorphic circuit-based method, presented here shows the potential for adapting to diverse sensing technologies and helping intelligent machines generate smart high-level decisions in the real world.

eess.SP↗
arXiv2023

Holistic Evaluation of GPT-4V for Biomedical Imaging

In this paper, we present a large-scale evaluation probing GPT-4V's capabilities and limitations for biomedical image analysis. GPT-4V represents a breakthrough in artificial general intelligence (AGI) for computer vision, with applications in the biomedical domain. We assess GPT-4V's performance across 16 medical imaging categories, including radiology, oncology, ophthalmology, pathology, and more. Tasks include modality recognition, anatomy localization, disease diagnosis, report generation, and lesion detection. The extensive experiments provide insights into GPT-4V's strengths and weaknesses. Results show GPT-4V's proficiency in modality and anatomy recognition but difficulty with disease diagnosis and localization. GPT-4V excels at diagnostic report generation, indicating strong image captioning skills. While promising for biomedical imaging AI, GPT-4V requires further enhancement and validation before clinical deployment. We emphasize responsible development and testing for trustworthy integration of biomedical AGI. This rigorous evaluation of GPT-4V on diverse medical images advances understanding of multimodal large language models (LLMs) and guides future work toward impactful healthcare applications.

eess.IV↗
arXiv2023

Backdoor Threats from Compromised Foundation Models to Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) represents a novel paradigm to machine learning, addressing critical issues related to data privacy and security, yet suffering from data insufficiency and imbalance. The emergence of foundation models (FMs) provides a promising solution to the problems with FL. For instance, FMs could serve as teacher models or good starting points for FL. However, the integration of FM in FL presents a new challenge, exposing the FL systems to potential threats. This paper investigates the robustness of FL incorporating FMs by assessing their susceptibility to backdoor attacks. Contrary to classic backdoor attacks against FL, the proposed attack (1) does not require the attacker fully involved in the FL process; (2) poses a significant risk in practical FL scenarios; (3) is able to evade existing robust FL frameworks/ FL backdoor defenses; (4) underscores the researches on the robustness of FL systems integrated with FMs. The effectiveness of the proposed attack is demonstrated by extensive experiments with various well-known models and benchmark datasets encompassing both text and image classification domains.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2023

Towards Personalized Federated Learning via Heterogeneous Model Reassembly

This paper focuses on addressing the practical yet challenging problem of model heterogeneity in federated learning, where clients possess models with different network structures. To track this problem, we propose a novel framework called pFedHR, which leverages heterogeneous model reassembly to achieve personalized federated learning. In particular, we approach the problem of heterogeneous model personalization as a model-matching optimization task on the server side. Moreover, pFedHR automatically and dynamically generates informative and diverse personalized candidates with minimal human intervention. Furthermore, our proposed heterogeneous model reassembly technique mitigates the adverse impact introduced by using public data with different distributions from the client data to a certain extent. Experimental results demonstrate that pFedHR outperforms baselines on three datasets under both IID and Non-IID settings. Additionally, pFedHR effectively reduces the adverse impact of using different public data and dynamically generates diverse personalized models in an automated manner.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2023

Hierarchical Pretraining on Multimodal Electronic Health Records

Pretraining has proven to be a powerful technique in natural language processing (NLP), exhibiting remarkable success in various NLP downstream tasks. However, in the medical domain, existing pretrained models on electronic health records (EHR) fail to capture the hierarchical nature of EHR data, limiting their generalization capability across diverse downstream tasks using a single pretrained model. To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces a novel, general, and unified pretraining framework called MEDHMP, specifically designed for hierarchically multimodal EHR data. The effectiveness of the proposed MEDHMP is demonstrated through experimental results on eight downstream tasks spanning three levels. Comparisons against eighteen baselines further highlight the efficacy of our approach.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2023

ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Report Generation Based on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data

Radiology report generation, as a key step in medical image analysis, is critical to the quantitative analysis of clinically informed decision-making levels. However, complex and diverse radiology reports with cross-source heterogeneity pose a huge generalizability challenge to the current methods under massive data volume, mainly because the style and normativity of radiology reports are obviously distinctive among institutions, body regions inspected and radiologists. Recently, the advent of large language models (LLM) offers great potential for recognizing signs of health conditions. To resolve the above problem, we collaborate with the Second Xiangya Hospital in China and propose ChatRadio-Valuer based on the LLM, a tailored model for automatic radiology report generation that learns generalizable representations and provides a basis pattern for model adaptation in sophisticated analysts' cases. Specifically, ChatRadio-Valuer is trained based on the radiology reports from a single institution by means of supervised fine-tuning, and then adapted to disease diagnosis tasks for human multi-system evaluation (i.e., chest, abdomen, muscle-skeleton, head, and maxillofacial $\&$ neck) from six different institutions in clinical-level events. The clinical dataset utilized in this study encompasses a remarkable total of \textbf{332,673} observations. From the comprehensive results on engineering indicators, clinical efficacy and deployment cost metrics, it can be shown that ChatRadio-Valuer consistently outperforms state-of-the-art models, especially ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo) and GPT-4 et al., in terms of the diseases diagnosis from radiology reports. ChatRadio-Valuer provides an effective avenue to boost model generalization performance and alleviate the annotation workload of experts to enable the promotion of clinical AI applications in radiology reports.

cs.CL↗
arXiv2023

V3Det: Vast Vocabulary Visual Detection Dataset

Recent advances in detecting arbitrary objects in the real world are trained and evaluated on object detection datasets with a relatively restricted vocabulary. To facilitate the development of more general visual object detection, we propose V3Det, a vast vocabulary visual detection dataset with precisely annotated bounding boxes on massive images. V3Det has several appealing properties: 1) Vast Vocabulary: It contains bounding boxes of objects from 13,204 categories on real-world images, which is 10 times larger than the existing large vocabulary object detection dataset, e.g., LVIS. 2) Hierarchical Category Organization: The vast vocabulary of V3Det is organized by a hierarchical category tree which annotates the inclusion relationship among categories, encouraging the exploration of category relationships in vast and open vocabulary object detection. 3) Rich Annotations: V3Det comprises precisely annotated objects in 243k images and professional descriptions of each category written by human experts and a powerful chatbot. By offering a vast exploration space, V3Det enables extensive benchmarks on both vast and open vocabulary object detection, leading to new observations, practices, and insights for future research. It has the potential to serve as a cornerstone dataset for developing more general visual perception systems. V3Det is available at https://v3det.openxlab.org.cn/.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2023

MedDiffusion: Boosting Health Risk Prediction via Diffusion-based Data Augmentation

Health risk prediction is one of the fundamental tasks under predictive modeling in the medical domain, which aims to forecast the potential health risks that patients may face in the future using their historical Electronic Health Records (EHR). Researchers have developed several risk prediction models to handle the unique challenges of EHR data, such as its sequential nature, high dimensionality, and inherent noise. These models have yielded impressive results. Nonetheless, a key issue undermining their effectiveness is data insufficiency. A variety of data generation and augmentation methods have been introduced to mitigate this issue by expanding the size of the training data set through the learning of underlying data distributions. However, the performance of these methods is often limited due to their task-unrelated design. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a novel, end-to-end diffusion-based risk prediction model, named MedDiffusion. It enhances risk prediction performance by creating synthetic patient data during training to enlarge sample space. Furthermore, MedDiffusion discerns hidden relationships between patient visits using a step-wise attention mechanism, enabling the model to automatically retain the most vital information for generating high-quality data. Experimental evaluation on four real-world medical datasets demonstrates that MedDiffusion outperforms 14 cutting-edge baselines in terms of PR-AUC, F1, and Cohen's Kappa. We also conduct ablation studies and benchmark our model against GAN-based alternatives to further validate the rationality and adaptability of our model design. Additionally, we analyze generated data to offer fresh insights into the model's interpretability.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2023

Co-modeling the Sequential and Graphical Routes for Peptide Representation Learning

Peptides are formed by the dehydration condensation of multiple amino acids. The primary structure of a peptide can be represented either as an amino acid sequence or as a molecular graph consisting of atoms and chemical bonds. Previous studies have indicated that deep learning routes specific to sequential and graphical peptide forms exhibit comparable performance on downstream tasks. Despite the fact that these models learn representations of the same modality of peptides, we find that they explain their predictions differently. Considering sequential and graphical models as two experts making inferences from different perspectives, we work on fusing expert knowledge to enrich the learned representations for improving the discriminative performance. To achieve this, we propose a peptide co-modeling method, RepCon, which employs a contrastive learning-based framework to enhance the mutual information of representations from decoupled sequential and graphical end-to-end models. It considers representations from the sequential encoder and the graphical encoder for the same peptide sample as a positive pair and learns to enhance the consistency of representations between positive sample pairs and to repel representations between negative pairs. Empirical studies of RepCon and other co-modeling methods are conducted on open-source discriminative datasets, including aggregation propensity, retention time, antimicrobial peptide prediction, and family classification from Peptide Database. Our results demonstrate the superiority of the co-modeling approach over independent modeling, as well as the superiority of RepCon over other methods under the co-modeling framework. In addition, the attribution on RepCon further corroborates the validity of the approach at the level of model explanation.

cs.LG↗