arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Johannes Kellendonk.
The Ellis semigroup of a topological dynamical system contains algebraic, topological and dynamical information. It is invariant under conjugacy. Despite this wealth of structure, two non-conjugate dynamical systems can have the same Ellis semigroup. We identify a class of minimal dynamical systems inside which this cannot happen, that is, for which the Ellis semigroup is a complete conjugacy invariant.
We consider a particular class of 1D aperiodic models with the aim to understand how their internal degrees of freedom contribute to their topological invariants and the possible relations (correspondences) among them. In order to handle models with finite local complexity we introduce the principle of augmentation. This allows us to relate the values of the Integrated Density of States at gap energies for the bulk system to spectral flows. We consider two different augmentations. The first is based on the mapping torus construction. It leads to an alternative proof of the result that the gap labelling group of Bellissard coincides with that of Johnson-Moser. It furthermore allows for an interpretation of the spectral flow via boundary forces. The second augmentation applies to models obtained by the cut and project method where we find for 2-cut models two different spectral flows, one attached to the edge modes and related to the phason motion whereas the other is an augmented bulk invariant. Our approach is based on the well-established $C^*$-algebraic approach to solid state physics and the description of topological invariants by $K$-theory and cyclic cocycles. We also present numerical simulations to illustrate our theorems.
We investigate the role of self-adjoint extensions in the bulk-edge correspondence for topological insulators. While the correspondence is well understood in discrete models with spectral gaps, complications arise in the presence of unbounded Hamiltonians and varying boundary conditions, leading to anomalous behavior that has recently been dubbed violations of bulk-edge correspondence. In this work we use a K-theoretic framework to identify precise conditions needed for unbounded Hamiltonians to be affiliated to the respective observable algebras and define K-theory classes. In special cases we can then exclude anomalous behaviour and obtain the standard bulk-edge correspondence, or, under weaker conditions, obtain a relative bulk-edge correspondence theorem, which compares pairs of Hamiltonians. Applying that relative approach in the bulk we recover among other things the so-called bulk-difference-interface correspondence for Hamiltonians that fail to define a bulk K-theory class in the conventional way. The second main result is that one can define K-theory classes in terms of von Neumann unitaries, which under changes in boundary conditions directly contribute to the number of protected edge states. This approach clarifies apparent violations of the classical bulk-edge paradigm and provides a systematic account of boundary-induced topological corrections.
The Ellis semigroup of a dynamical system $(X,T)$ is tame if every element is the limit of a sequence (as opposed to a net) of homeomorphisms coming from the $T$ action. This topological property is related to the cardinality of the semigroup. Non-tame Ellis semigroups have a cardinality which is that of the power set of the continuum $2^{\mathfrak c}$.The semigroup admits a minimal bilateral ideal and this ideal is a union of isomorphic copies of a group $\mathcal H$, the so-called structure group of $(X,T)$. For almost automorphic systems the cardinality of $\mathcal H$ is at most $\mathfrak c$, that of the continuum. We show a partial converse for minimal $(X,T)$ with abelian $T$, namely that the cardinality of the structure group is $2^{\mathfrak c}$ if the proximal relation is not transitive and the subgroup generated by differences of singular points in the maximal equicontinuous factor is not open.This refines the above statement about non-tame Ellis semigroups, as it locates a particular algebraic component of the latter which has such a large cardinality.
In this article we completely characterise constant length substitution shifts which have an almost automorphic factor, or which have a bijective substitution factor. Our approach is algebraic: we study these dynamical properties in terms of a finite semigroup defined by the substitution. We characterise the existence of almost automorphic factors in terms of Green's R-relation, and the existence of bijective factors in terms of Green's L-relation. Our results are constructive.
The diffraction spectrum of an aperiodic solid is related to the group of eigenvalues of the dynamical system associated with the solid. Those eigenvalues with continuous eigenfunctions constitute the topological Bragg spectrum. We relate the topological Bragg spectrum to the topological invariants (Chern numbers) of the solid and to the gap-labelling group, which is the group of possible gap labels for the spectrum of a Schrödinger operator describing the electronic motion in the solid.
For topological dynamical systems $(X,T,σ)$ with abelian group $T$ which admit an equicontinuous factor $π:(X,T,σ)\to (Y,T,δ)$ the Ellis semigroup $E(X)$ is an extension of $Y$ by its subsemigroup $E^{fib}(X)$ of elements which preserve the fibres of $π$. We establish methods to compute $E^{fib}(X)$ and use them to determine the Ellis semigroup of dynamical systems arising from primitive aperiodic bijective substitutions. As an application we show that for these substitution shifts, the virtual automorphism group is isomorphic to the classical automorphism group.
It is shown that the Ellis semigroup of a $\mathbb Z$-action on a compact totally disconnected space is completely regular if and only if forward proximality coincides with forward asymptoticity and backward proximality coincides with backward asymptoticity. Furthermore, the Ellis semigroup of a $\mathbb Z$- or $\mathbb R$-action for which forward proximality and backward proximality are transitive relations is shown to have at most two left minimal ideals. Finally, the notion of near simplicity of the Ellis semigroup is introduced and related to the above.
We investigate tameness of Toeplitz shifts. By introducing the notion of extended Bratteli-Vershik diagrams, we show that such shifts with finite Toeplitz rank are tame if and only if there are at most countably many orbits of singular fibres over the maximal equicontinuous factor. The ideas are illustrated using the class of substitution subshifts. A body of elaborate examples shows that the assumptions of our results cannot be relaxed.
We use the Cayley transform to provide an explicit isomorphism at the level of cycles from van Daele $K$-theory to $KK$-theory for graded $C^*$-algebras with a real structure. Isomorphisms between $KK$-theory and complex or real $K$-theory for ungraded $C^*$-algebras are a special case of this map. In all cases our map is compatible with the computational techniques required in physical and geometrical applications, in particular index pairings and Kasparov products. We provide applications to real $K$-theory and topological phases of matter.
We consider cycles for graded $C^{*,r}$-algebras (Real $C^{*}$-algebras) which are compatible with the $*$-structure and the real structure. Their characters are cyclic cocycles. We define a Connes type pairing between such characters and elements of the van Daele $K$-groups of the $C^{*,r}$-algebra and its real subalgebra. This pairing vanishes on elements of finite order. We define a second type of pairing between characters and $K$-group elements which is derived from a unital inclusion of $C^{*}$-algebras. It is potentially non-trivial on elements of order two and torsion valued. Such torsion valued pairings yield topological invariants for insulators. The two-dimensional Kane-Mele and the three-dimensional Fu-Kane-Mele strong invariant are special cases of torsion valued pairings. We compute the pairings for a simple class of periodic models and establish structural results for two dimensional aperiodic models with odd time reversal invariance.
Let $M$ be a model set meeting two simple conditions: (1) the internal space $H$ is a product of $R^n$ and a finite group, and (2) the window $W$ is a finite union of disjoint polyhedra. Then any point pattern with finite local complexity (FLC) that is topologically conjugate to $M$ is mutually locally derivable (MLD) to a model set $M'$ that has the same internal group and window as $M$, but has a different projection from $H \times R^d$ to $R^d$. In cohomological terms, this means that the group $H^1_{an}(M,R)$ of asymptotically negligible classes has dimension $n$. We also exhibit a counterexample when the second hypothesis is removed, constructing two topologically conjugate FLC Delone sets, one a model set and the other not even a Meyer set.
We consider one dimensional tight binding models on $\ell^2(\mathbb Z)$ whose spatial structure is encoded by a Sturmian sequence $(ξ_n)_n\in \{a,b\}^\mathbb Z$. An example is the Kohmoto Hamiltonian, which is given by the discrete Laplacian plus an onsite potential $v_n$ taking value $0$ or $1$ according to whether $ξ_n$ is $a$ or $b$. The only non-trivial topological invariants of such a model are its gap-labels. The bulk-boundary correspondence we establish here states that there is a correspondence between the gap label and a winding number associated to the edge states, which arises if the system is augmented and compressed onto half space $\ell^2(\mathbb N)$. This has been experimentally observed with polaritonic waveguides. A correct theoretical explanation requires, however, first a smoothing out of the atomic motion via phason flips. With such an interpretation at hand, the winding number corresponds to the mechanical work through a cycle which the atomic motion exhibits on the edge states.
The notion of a topological phase of an insulator is based on the concept of homotopy between Hamiltonians. It therefore depends on the choice of a topological space to which the Hamiltonians belong. We advocate that this space should be the $C^*$-algebra of observables. We relate the symmetries of insulators to graded real structures on the observable algebra and classify the topological phases using van Daele's formulation of $K$-theory. This is related but not identical to Thiang's recent approach to classify topological phases by $K$-groups in Karoubi's formulation.
We study the application of Kasparov theory to topological insulator systems and the bulk-edge correspondence. We consider observable algebras as modelled by crossed products, where bulk and edge systems may be linked by a short exact sequence. We construct unbounded Kasparov modules encoding the dynamics of the crossed product. We then link bulk and edge Kasparov modules using the Kasparov product. Because of the anti-linear symmetries that occur in topological insulator models, real $C^*$-algebras and $KKO$-theory must be used.
We construct spectral triples for path spaces of stationary Bratteli diagrams and study their associated mathematical objects, in particular their zeta function, their heat kernel expansion and their Dirichlet forms. One of the main difficulties to properly define a Dirichlet form concerns its domain. We address this question in particular in the context of Pisot substitution tiling spaces for which we find two types of Dirichlet forms: one of transversal type, and one of longitudinal type. Here the eigenfunctions under the translation action can serve as a good core for a non-trivial Dirichlet form. We find that the infinitesimal generators can be interpreted as elliptic differential operators on the maximal equicontinuous factor of the tiling dynamical system.
This is a chapter in an incoming book on aperiodic order. We review results about the topology, the dynamics, and the combinatorics of aperiodically ordered tilings obtained with the tools of noncommutative geometry.
We discuss the application of various concepts from the theory of topological dynamical systems to Delone sets and tilings. We consider in particular, the maximal equicontinuous factor of a Delone dynamical system, the proximality relation and the enveloping semigroup of such systems.