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K. -W. Chen

Publications and source records attributed to K. -W. Chen.

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Experimental observation and spin texture of Dirac node arcs in tetradymite topological metals

We report the observation of a non-trivial spin texture in Dirac node arcs, novel topological objects formed when Dirac cones of massless particles extend along an open one-dimensional line in momentum space. We find that such states are present in all the compounds of the tetradymite M$_2$Te$_2$X family (M$=$Ti, Zr or Hf and X$=$P or As), regardless of the weak or strong character of the topological invariant. The Dirac node arcs in tetradymites are thus the simplest possible, textbook example, of a type-I Dirac system with a single spin-polarized node arc.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Origin of the butterfly magnetoresistance in a Dirac nodal-line system

We report a study on the magnetotransport properties and on the Fermi surfaces (FS) of the ZrSi(Se,Te) semimetals. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, in absence of spin orbit coupling (SOC), reveal that both the Se and the Te compounds display Dirac nodal lines (DNL) close to the Fermi level $\varepsilon_F$ at symmorphic and non-symmorphic positions, respectively. We find that the geometry of their FSs agrees well with DFT predictions. ZrSiSe displays low residual resistivities, pronounced magnetoresistivity, high carrier mobilities, and a butterfly-like angle-dependent magnetoresistivity (AMR), although its DNL is not protected against gap opening. As in Cd$_3$As$_2$, its transport lifetime is found to be 10$^2$ to 10$^3$ times larger than its quantum one. ZrSiTe, which possesses a protected DNL, displays conventional transport properties. Our evaluation indicates that both compounds most likely are topologically trivial. Nearly angle-independent effective masses with strong angle dependent quantum lifetimes lead to the butterfly AMR in ZrSiSe.

cond-mat.str-el

Planar Hall-effect, Anomalous planar Hall-effect, and Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transitions in TaAs

We evaluate the topological character of TaAs through a detailed study of the angular, magnetic-field and temperature dependence of its magnetoresistivity and Hall-effect(s), and of its bulk electronic structure through quantum oscillatory phenomena. At low temperatures, and for fields perpendicular to the electrical current, we extract an extremely large Hall angle $Θ_H$ at higher fields, that is $Θ_H \sim 82.5^{\circ}$, implying a very pronounced Hall signal superimposed into its magnetoresistivity. For magnetic fields and electrical currents perpendicular to the \emph{c}-axis we observe a very pronounced planar Hall-effect, when the magnetic field is rotated within the basal plane. This effect is observed even at higher temperatures, i.e. as high as $T = 100$ K, and predicted recently to result from the chiral anomaly among Weyl points. Superimposed onto this planar Hall, which is an even function of the field, we observe an anomalous planar Hall-signal akin to the one reported for that is an odd function of the field. Below 100 K, negative longitudinal magnetoresistivity (LMR), initially ascribed to the chiral anomaly and subsequently to current inhomogeneities, is observed in samples having different geometries and contact configurations, once the large Hall signal is subtracted. Our measurements reveal a phase transition upon approaching the quantum limit that leads to the reconstruction of the FS and to the concomitant suppression of the negative LMR indicating that it is intrinsically associated with the Weyl dispersion at the Fermi level. For fields along the \emph{a}-axis it also leads to a pronounced hysteresis pointing to a field-induced electronic phase-transition. This collection of unconventional tranport observations points to the prominent role played by the axial anomaly among Weyl nodes.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Detailed study on the Fermi surfaces of the type-II Dirac semimetallic candidates PdTe2 and PtTe2

We present a detailed quantum oscillatory study on the Dirac type-II semimetallic candidates PdTe$_{2}$ and PtTe$_{2}$ \emph{via} the temperature and the angular dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effects. In high quality single crystals of both compounds, i.e. displaying carrier mobilities between $10^3$ and $10^4$ cm$^2$/Vs, we observed a large non-saturating magnetoresistivity (MR) which in PtTe$_2$ at a temperature $T = 1.3$ K, leads to an increase in the resistivity up to $5 \times 10^{4}$ % under a magnetic field $μ_0 H = 62$ T. These high mobilities correlate with their light effective masses in the range of 0.04 to 1 bare electron mass according to our measurements. For PdTe$_{2}$ the experimentally determined Fermi surface cross-sectional areas show an excellent agreement with those resulting from band-structure calculations. Surprisingly, this is not the case for PtTe$_{2}$ whose agreement between calculations and experiments is relatively poor even when electronic correlations are included in the calculations. Therefore, our study provides a strong support for the existence of a Dirac type-II node in PdTe$_2$ and probably also for PtTe$_2$. Band structure calculations indicate that the topologically non-trivial bands of PtTe$_2$ do not cross the Fermi-level ($\varepsilon_F$). In contrast, for PdTe$_2$ the Dirac type-II cone does intersect $\varepsilon_F$, although our calculations also indicate that the associated cyclotron orbit on the Fermi surface is located in a distinct $k_z$ plane with respect to the one of the Dirac type-II node. Therefore it should yield a trivial Berry-phase.

cond-mat.str-el

Bulk Fermi surfaces of the Dirac Type-II Semimetallic Candidates VAl3, NbAl3 and TaAl3

We report a de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect study on the Dirac type-II semimetallic candidates \emph{M}Al$_3$ (where, \emph{M} = V, Nb and Ta). The angular-dependence of their Fermi surface (FS) cross-sectional areas reveals a remarkably good agreement with first-principle calculations. Therefore, dHvA supports the existence of tilted Dirac cones with Dirac type-II nodes located at 100, 230 and 250 meV above the Fermi level $\varepsilon_F$ for VAl$_3$, NbAl$_3$ and TaAl$_3$ respectively, in agreement with the prediction of broken Lorentz invariance in these compounds. However, for all three compounds we find that the cyclotron orbits on their FSs, including an orbit nearly enclosing the Dirac type-II node, yield trivial Berry phases. We explain this $via$ an analysis of the Berry phase where the position of this orbit, relative to the Dirac node, is adjusted within the error implied by the small disagreement between our calculations and the experiments. We suggest that a very small amount of doping could displace $\varepsilon_F$ to produce topologically non-trivial orbits encircling their Dirac node(s).

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Converting topological insulators into topological metals within the tetradymite family

We report the electronic band structures and concomitant Fermi surfaces for a family of exfoliable tetradymite compounds with the formula $T_2$$Ch_2$$Pn$, obtained as a modification to the well-known topological insulator binaries Bi$_2$(Se,Te)$_3$ by replacing one chalcogen ($Ch$) with a pnictogen ($Pn$) and Bi with the tetravalent transition metals $T$ $=$ Ti, Zr, or Hf. This imbalances the electron count and results in layered metals characterized by relatively high carrier mobilities and bulk two-dimensional Fermi surfaces whose topography is well-described by first principles calculations. Intriguingly, slab electronic structure calculations predict Dirac-like surface states. In contrast to Bi$_2$Se$_3$, where the surface Dirac bands are at the $Γ-$point, for (Zr,Hf)$_2$Te$_2$(P,As) there are Dirac cones of strong topological character around both the $\bar Γ$- and $\bar {M}$-points which are above and below the Fermi energy, respectively. For Ti$_2$Te$_2$P the surface state is predicted to exist only around the $\bar {M}$-point. In agreement with these predictions, the surface states that are located below the Fermi energy are observed by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, revealing that they coexist with the bulk metallic state. Thus, this family of materials provides a foundation upon which to develop novel phenomena that exploit both the bulk and surface states (e.g., topological superconductivity).

cond-mat.str-el

Fermi surface of the Weyl type-II metallic candidate WP2

Weyl type-II fermions are massless quasiparticles that obey the Weyl equation and which are predicted to occur at the boundary between electron- and hole-pockets in certain semi-metals, i.e. the (W,Mo)(Te,P)$_2$ compounds. Here, we present a study of the Fermi-surface of WP$_2$ \emph{via} the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect. Compared to other semi-metals WP$_2$ exhibits a very low residual resistivity, i.e. $ρ_0 \simeq 10$ n$Ω$cm, which leads to perhaps the largest non-saturating magneto-resistivity $(ρ(H))$ reported for any compound. For the samples displaying the smallest $ρ_0$, $ρ(H)$ is observed to increase by a factor of $2.5 \times 10^{7}$ $\%$ under $μ_{0}H = 35$ T at $T = 0.35$ K. The angular dependence of the SdH frequencies is found to be in very good agreement with the first-principle calculations when the electron- and hole-bands are slightly shifted with respect to the Fermi level, thus supporting the existence of underlying Weyl type-II points in WP$_2$.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Possible devil's staircase in the Kondo lattice CeSbSe

The temperature ($T$) - magnetic field ($H$) phase diagram for the tetragonal layered compound CeSbSe, is determined from magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements. This system exhibits complex magnetic ordering at $T_{\rm{M}}$ $=$ 3 K and the application of a magnetic field results in a cascade of magnetically ordered states for $H$ $\lesssim$ 1.8 T which are characterized by fractional integer size steps: i.e., a possible Devil's staircase is observed. Electrical transport measurements show a weak temperature dependence and large residual resistivity which suggest a small charge carrier density and strong scattering from the $f$-moments. These features reveal Kondo lattice behavior where the $f$-moments are incompletely screened, resulting in a fine balanced magnetic interaction between different Ce neighbors that is mediated by the RKKY interaction. This produces the nearly degenerate magnetically ordered states that are accessed under an applied magnetic field.

cond-mat.str-el

Electronic Landscape of Ce-based Intermetallics: CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ at an Extreme

CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ is an exemplary correlated electron metal that features two domes of unconventional superconductivity in its temperature-pressure phase diagram. The first dome surrounds an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, whereas the more exotic second dome may span the termination point of a line of $f$-electron valence transitions. This behavior has received intense interest, but what has been missing are ways to access the high pressure behavior under milder conditions. Here we study Si $\rightarrow$ P chemical substitution, which compresses the unit cell volume but simultaneously weakens the hybridization between the $f$- and conduction electron states and encourages complex magnetism. At concentrations that show magnetism, applied pressure suppresses the magnetic ordering temperature and superconductivity is recovered for samples with low disorder. These results reveal that the electronic behavior in this system is controlled by a nontrivial combination of effects from unit cell volume and electronic shell filling. Guided by this topography we discuss prospects for uncovering a valence fluctuation quantum phase transition in the broader family of Ce-based ThCr$_2$Si$_2$-type materials through chemical substitution.

cond-mat.str-el

Electronic Structure and Magnetism in the Layered Triangular Lattice Compound CeAuAl$_4$Ge$_2$

Results are reported for the $f$-electron intermetallic CeAuAl$_4$Ge$_2$, where the atomic arrangement of the cerium ions creates the conditions for geometric frustration. Despite this, magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that the low temperature magnetic exchange interaction is weak, resulting in marginally frustrated behavior and ordering near $T_{\rm{M}}$ $\approx$ 1.4 K. This occurs within a metallic Kondo lattice, where electrical resistivity and heat capacity measurements show that the Kondo-driven electronic correlations are negligible. Quantum oscillations are detected in ac-magnetic susceptibility measurements and uncover small charge carrier effective masses. Electronic structure calculations reveal that when the experimentally observed antiferromagnetic exchange interaction and the on-$f$-site Coulomb repulsion (Hubbard) U are considered, the $f$-electron bands move away from the Fermi level, resulting in electronic behavior that is dominated by the $s$-, $p$-, and $d$- bands, which are all characterized by light electron masses. Thus, CeAuAl$_4$Ge$_2$ provides a starting point for investigating geometric magnetic frustration in a cerium lattice without strong Kondo hybridization, where calculations provide useful guidance.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Landau level spectroscopy of massive Dirac fermions in single-crystalline ZrTe5 thin flakes

We report infrared magneto-spectroscopy studies on thin crystals of an emerging Dirac material ZrTe5 near the intrinsic limit. The observed structure of the Landau level transitions and zero-field infrared absorption indicate a two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic structure, similar to that in graphene but with a small relativistic mass corresponding to a 9.4 meV energy gap. Measurements with circularly polarized light reveal a significant electron-hole asymmetry, which leads to splitting of the Landau level transitions at high magnetic fields. Our model, based on the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang effective Hamiltonian, quantitatively explains all observed transitions, determining the values of the Fermi velocity, Dirac mass (or gap), electron-hole asymmetry, and electron and hole g-factors.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

NMR Investigation of antiferromagnetism and coherence in URu$_2$Si$_{2-x}$P$_x$

We report $^{31}$P and $^{29}$Si NMR in single crystals of URu$_2$Si$_{2-x}$P$_x$ for $x=0.09$ and $x=0.33$. The spectra in the $x=0.33$ sample are consistent with a homogenous commensurate antiferromagnetic phase below $T_N \sim 37$ K. The Knight shift exhibits an anomaly at the coherence temperature, $T^*$, that is slightly enhanced with P doping. Spin lattice relaxation rate data indicate that the density of states is suppressed for $x=0.09$ below 30 K, similar to the undoped compound, but there is no evidence of long range order at this concentration. Our results suggest that Si substitution provides chemical pressure without inducing electronic inhomogeneity.

cond-mat.str-el

Uncovering the behavior of Hf2Te2P and the candidate Dirac metal Zr2Te2P

Results are reported for single crystal specimens of Hf$_2$Te$_2$P and compared to its structural analogue Zr$_2$Te$_2$P, which was recently proposed to be a potential reservoir for Dirac physics.[1] Both materials are produced using the iodine vapor transport method and the resulting crystals are exfoliable. The bulk electrical transport and thermodynamic properties indicate Fermi liquid behavior at low temperature for both compounds. Quantum oscillations are observed in magnetization measurements for fields applied parallel but not perpendicular to the $c$-axis, suggesting that the Fermi surfaces are quasi-two dimensional. Frequencies are determined from quantum oscillations for several parts of the Fermi surfaces. Lifshitz-Kosevich fits to the temperature dependent amplitudes of the oscillations reveal small effective masses, with a particularly small value $m^*$ $=$ 0.046$m_0$ for the α branch of Zr$_2$Te$_2$P. Electronic structure calculations are in good agreement with quantum oscillation results and illustrate the effect of a stronger spin-orbit interaction going from Zr to Hf. These results suggest that by using appropriate tuning parameters this class of materials may deepen the pool of novel Dirac phenomena.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Unfolding the physics of URu2Si2 through Si -> P substitution

The heavy fermion intermetallic compound URu2Si2 exhibits a "hidden-order" phase below the temperature of 17.5 K, which supports both anomalous metallic behavior and unconventional superconductivity. While these individual phenomena have been investigated in detail, it remains unclear how they are related to each other and to what extent uranium f-electron valence fluctuations influence each one. Here we use ligand site substituted URu2Si2-xPx to establish their evolution under electronic tuning. We find that while hidden order is monotonically suppressed and destroyed for x $\leq$ 0.035, the superconducting strength evolves through a dome that is centered near $x$ $\approx$ 0.01 and terminates near $x$ $\approx$ 0.028. This behavior reveals that hidden order depends strongly on tuning outside of the U f-electron shells. It also suggests that while hidden order provides an environment for superconductivity and anomalous metallic behavior, it's fluctuations are not solely responsible for their progression.

cond-mat.str-el