arXiv subjects

K. A. Bronnikov

Publications and source records attributed to K. A. Bronnikov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On gravitating dyonic configurations in nonlinear electrodynamics

We consider static, spherically symmetric configurations of nonlinear electromagnetic fields with Lagrangians $L(f)$, where $f = F_{μν} F^{μν}$, in general relativity (GR) and other metric theories of gravity. The corresponding exact solutions are well known in the framework of GR in cases where only an electric charge ($q_e$) or a magnetic charge ($q_m$) are present, but only a few solutions in particular examples of $L(f)$ are known for dyonic systems with both nonzero $q_e$ and $q_m$. We study the properties of such systems in the special case of equal electric and magnetic charges and, assuming a correct Maxwell limit of $L(f)$, show that there always exists such a configuration of the electromagnetic field that the invariant $f$ is zero in the whole space. It leads to the existence of the corresponding families of solutions both in GR in the presence of other sources of gravity (like fluids or scalar fields) and in a wide range of extended theories of gravity (e.g., scalar-tensor and $F(R)$ gravity), in which the nonlinear electromagnetic field behaves in an especially simple manner.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

The fine structure constant: a review of measurement results and possible space-time variations

A brief description of the main methods for determining the fine structure constant is given. It is shown that the exact value of the fine structure constant is important for the new International System of Units (SI) and for fundamental metrology. Recent measurement results and theoretical calculations of the fine structure constant, as well as its possible space-time variations, are presented. The results of laboratory experiments on the search for long-term variations of the fine structure constant are described. The astrophysical and cosmological observational data on possible variability of the fine structure constant are displayed. The possibility of slightly lower values of the fine structure constant in the remote past as compared to its modern value, as well as the existence of unresolved problems related to possible space-time variations of the fine structure constant and the spread of the results of its precise laboratory measurements, are mentioned. Despite the absence of experimentally confirmed long-term variations of the fine structure constant at a high level of accuracy, possible practical applications of the results are noted, namely, the construction of an optical frequency standard with high stability and frequency reproduction accuracy based on the ytterbium-171 ion and a laser frequency synthesizer which may replace the caesium frequency standard.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Overtones' outburst and Hawking evaporation of Kazakov-Solodukhin quantum corrected black hole

The Kazakov-Solodukhin black hole metric represents a spherically symmetric deformation of the Schwarzschild solution due to quantum-gravity corrections. Assuming the absence of nonspherical deformations of the metric, this problem was solved nonperturbatively. In this study, we investigate the intensity of Hawking radiation in the background of such quantum-corrected black holes and the behavior of their quasinormal modes (QNM). Our findings indicate that while the geometry and such classical characteristics as the fundamental QNM frequencies or the shadow radius are only slightly altered, the Hawking radiation and the frequencies of QNM overtones of sufficiently small black holes change much more significantly. This Hawking radiation enhancement arises due to much larger grey-body factors, while the Hawking temperature remains unaffected. The effect becomes significant at the latest stage of black hole evaporation.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2024

Multichannel sensing platform: galleries of tunable hot spots in ring-disk dielectric dimer with rectangular cross-sections

The creation of highly enhanced and localized electromagnetic fields in dielectric structures with low losses, that is, hot spot technology, is an important applied and fundamental problem. However, known examples are reduced to single hot spots generated by low-frequency dipole resonances. Here, a manifold of hot spots were observed experimentally and in calculations in the gap of a ring-inner disk dielectric dimer with a rectangular cross-section. In addition to dipole hot spots, galleries of equidistant hot spots were observed, generated by galleries of disk modes, as well as by galleries of ring modes, each of which begins with a transverse Fabry-Pérot resonance. Therefore, this direction in photonics is called Fabry-Pérot-tronics by analogy with Mie-tronics of spherical particles. The intensity contour of hot spots in the gap has a Fano contour associated with the interference of radiation from narrow longitudinal modes of the ring or disk with broadband scattering on the opposite side of the gap. Controlled transfer of hot spots along the gap and splitting of the hot spot by scanning the exciting frequency in the spectral region of the Fano contour are also implemented. Galleries of tunable bright hot spots provide a new platform for multichannel sensing, SERS and nonlinear applications.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

A regular center instead of a black bounce

The widely discussed ``black-bounce'' mechanism of removing a singularity at $r=0$ in a spherically symmetric space-time, proposed by Simpson and Visser, consists in removing the point $r=0$ and its close neighborhood, resulting in emergence of a regular minimum of the spherical radius that can be a wormhole throat or a regular bounce. Instead, it has been recently proposed to make $r=0$ a regular center by properly modifying the metric, still preserving its form in regions far from $r=0$. Different algorithms of such modifications have been formulated for a few classes of singularities. The previous paper considered space-times whose Ricci tensor satisfies the condition $R^t_t =R^r_r$, and regular modifications were obtained for the Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström metrics, and two examples of solutions with magnetic fields obeying nonlinear electrodynamics (NED). The present paper considers regular modifications of more general space-times, and as examples, modifications with a regular center have been obtained for the Fisher (also known as JNW) solution with a naked singularity and a family of dilatonic black holes. Possible field sources of the new regular metrics are considered in the framework of general relativity (GR), using the fact that any static, spherically symmetric metric with a combined source involving NED and a scalar field with some self-interaction potential. This scalar field is, in general, not required to be of phantom nature (unlike the sources for black bounces), but in the examples discussed here, the possible scalar sources are phantom in a close neighborhood of $r=0$ and are canonical outside it.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

On the heat evolution of the early Universe

We discuss the heat history of the early Universe and its further evolution in the framework of modern cosmological models of general relativity (GR) and alternative theories of gravity. Of great importance are the new puzzling forms of matter comprising parts of our Universe, namely, dark energy and dark matter that crucially affect the Universe structure and evolution.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

On black bounces, wormholes and partly phantom scalar fields

Simpson and Visser recently proposed a phenomenological way to avoid some kinds of space-time singularities by replacing a parameter whose zero value corresponds to a singularity (say, $r$) with the manifestly nonzero expression $r(u) = \sqrt{u^2 + b^2}$, where $u$ is a new coordinate, and $b =$ \const $>0$. This trick, generically leading to a regular minimum of $r$ beyond a black hole horizon (called a "black bounce"), may hopefully mimic some expected results of quantum gravity, and was previously applied to regularize the Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, Kerr and some other metrics. In this paper it is applied to regularize the Fisher solution with a massless canonical scalar field in general relativity (resulting in a traversable wormhole) and a family of static, spherically symmetric dilatonic black holes (resulting in regular black holes and wormholes). These new regular metrics represent exact solutions of general relativity with a sum of stress-energy tensors of a scalar field with a nonzero self-interaction potential and a magnetic field in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics with a Lagrangian function $L(F)$, $F = F_{μν} F^{μν}$. A novel feature in the present study is that the scalar fields involved have "trapped ghost" properties, that is, are phantom in a strong-field region and canonical outside it, with a smooth transition between the regions. It is also shown that any static, spherically symmetric metric can be obtained as an exact solution to the Einstein equations with the stress-energy tensor of the above field combination.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2022

Fundamental physical constants: current results in search for variations and their description

We consider the current results in search for and description of temporal variations of fundamental physical constants (FPCs) obtained under laboratory and astrophysical conditions. On the basis of fixed values of base constants, those FPCs have been chosen that can exhibit variations of greatest interest from the viewpoints of physics and metrology. An analysis of the current data concerning these constants is performed, and estimates of their variations on large time scales are presented. We point out the significance of studying long-term FPC variations for both practical and fundamental metrology.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Gravity assist as a test of relativistic gravity

We consider the gravity assist maneuver, that is, a correction of spacecraft motion at its passing near a planet, as a tool for evaluating the Eddington post-Newtonian parameters $β$ and $γ$, characterizing vacuum spherically symmetric gravitation fields in metric theories of gravity. We estimate the effect of variation in $β$ and $γ$ on a particular trajectory of a probe launched from the Earth's orbit and passing closely near Venus, where relativistic corrections slightly change the impact parameter of probe scattering in Venus's gravitational field. It is shown, in particular, that a change of $10^{-4}$ in $β$ or $γ$ leads to a shift of about 50 km in the probe's aphelion position.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2021

Spherically symmetric space-times in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity

We discuss vacuum static, spherically symmetric asymptotically flat solutions of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini theory of gravity (generalized HMPG) suggested by Böhmer and Tamanini, involving both a metric $g_{μν}$ and an independent connection $\hat Γ_{μν}{}^α$; the gravitational field Lagrangian is an arbitrary function $f(R,P)$ of two Ricci scalars, $R$ obtained from $g_{μν}$ and $P$ obtained from $\hat Γ_{μν}{}^α$. The theory admits a scalar-tensor representation with two scalars $ϕ$ and $ξ$ and a potential $V(ϕ,ξ)$ whose form depends on $f(R,P)$. Solutions are obtained in the Einstein frame and transferred back to the original Jordan frame for a proper interpretation. In the completely studied case $V \equiv 0$, generic solutions contain naked singularities or describe traversable wormholes, and only some special cases represent black holes with extremal horizons. For $V(ϕ,ξ) \ne 0$, some examples of analytical solutions are obtained and shown to possess naked singularities. Even in the cases where the Einstein-frame metric $g^E_{μν}$ is found analytically, the scalar field equations need a numerical study, and if $g^E_{μν}$ contains a horizon, in the Jordan frame it turns to a singularity due to the corresponding conformal factor.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2021

Some unusual wormholes in general relativity

In this short review we present some recently obtained traversable wormhole models in the framework of general relativity (GR) in four and six dimensions that somehow widen our common ideas on wormhole existence and properties. These are, first, rotating cylindrical wormholes, asymptotically flat in the radial direction and existing without exotic matter. The topological censorship theorems are not violated due to lack of asymptotic flatness in all spatial directions. Second, these are cosmological wormholes constructed on the basis of the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution. They connect two copies of a closed Friedmann world filled with dust, or two otherwise distant parts of the same Friedmann world. Third, these are wormholes obtained in six-dimensional GR, whose one entrance is located in "our" asymptotically flat world with very small extra dimensions while the other "end" belongs to a universe with large extra dimensions and therefore different physical properties. The possible observable features of such wormholes are briefly discussed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Matter accretion versus semiclassical bounce in Schwarzschild interior

We discuss the properties of the previously constructed model of a Schwarzschild black hole interior where the singularity is replaced by a regular bounce, ultimately leading to a white hole. The model is semiclassical in nature and uses as a source of gravity the effective stress-energy tensor (SET) corresponding to vacuum polarization of quantum fields, and a minimum spherical radius is a few orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length, so that the effects of quantum gravity should be still negligible. We estimate the other quantum contributions to the effective SET, caused by a nontrivial topology of spatial sections and particle production from vacuum due to a nonstationary gravitational field and show that these contributions are negligibly small as compared to the SET due to vacuum polarization. The same is shown for such classical phenomena as accretion of different kinds of matter to the black hole and its further motion to the would-be singularity. Thus, in a clear sense, our model of a semiclassical bounce instead of a Schwarzschild singularity is stable under both quantum and classical perturbations.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity: Regular stringlike configurations

We discuss static, cylindrically symmetric vacuum solutions of hybrid metric-Palatini gravity (HMPG), a recently proposed theory that has been shown to successfully pass the local observational tests and to produce a certain progress in cosmology. We use HMPG in its well-known scalar-tensor representation. The latter coincides with general relativity containing, as a source of gravity, a conformally coupled scalar field $ϕ$ and a self-interaction potential $V(ϕ)$. The $ϕ$ field can be canonical or phantom, and accordingly the theory splits into canonical and phantom sectors. We seek solitonic (stringlike) vacuum solutions of HMPG, that is, completely regular solutions with Minkowski metric far from the symmetry axis, with a possible angular deficit. A transition of the theory to the Einstein conformal frame is used as a tool, and many of the results apply to the general Bergmann-Wagoner-Nordtvedt class of scalar-tensor theories as well as $f(R)$ theories of gravity. One of these results is a one-to-one correspondence between stringlike solutions in the Einstein and Jordan frames if the conformal factor that connects them is everywhere regular. An algorithm for construction of stringlike solutions in HMPG and scalar-tensor theories is suggested, and some examples of such solutions are obtained and discussed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Rastall's theory of gravity: Spherically symmetric solutions and the stability problem

We study the stability of static, spherically symmetric solutions of Rastall's theory in the presence of a scalar field with respect to spherically symmetric perturbations. It is shown that the stability analysis is inconsistent in the sense that linear time-dependent perturbations cannot exist, and we can conclude that these solutions are stable. Possible reasons for this inconsistency are discussed.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Rotating Melvin-like universes and wormholes in general relativity

We find a family of exact solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations for rotating cylindrically symmetric distributions of a perfect fluid with the equation of state $p = wρ$ ($|w| < 1$), carrying a circular electric current in the angular direction. This current creates a magnetic field along the $z$ axis. Some of the solutions describe geometries resembling that of Melvin's static magnetic universe and contain a regular symmetry axis, while some others (in the case $w > 0$) describe traversable wormhole geometries which do not contain a symmetry axis. Unlike Melvin's solution, those with rotation and a magnetic field cannot be vacuum and require a current. The wormhole solutions admit matching with flat-space regions on both sides of the throat, thus forming a cylindrical wormhole configuration potentially visible for distant observers residing in flat or weakly curved parts of space. The thin shells, located at junctions between the inner (wormhole) and outer (flat) regions, consist of matter satisfying the Weak Energy Condition under a proper choice of the free parameters of the model, and thus we obtain new examples of phantom-free wormhole models in general relativity. In the limit $w \to 1$, the magnetic field tends to zero, and the wormhole model tends to the one obtained previously, where the source of gravity is stiff matter with the equation of state $p = ρ$.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity: black holes, wormholes, singularities and instabilities

The hybrid metric-Palatini theory of gravity (HMPG), proposed in 2012 by T. Harko et al., is known to successfully describe both local (solar-system) and cosmological observations. We discuss static, spherically symmetric vacuum solutions of HMPG with the aid of its scalar-tensor representation. This scalar-tensor theory coincides with general relativity with a conformally coupled scalar field (which can be canonical or phantom), therefore the known solutions of this theory are re-interpreted in terms of HMPG. In particular, in the case of zero scalar field potential $V (ϕ)$, such that both Riemannian and Palatini Ricci scalars are zero, generic asymptotically flat solutions either contain naked singularities or describe traversable wormholes, and there are only special cases of black hole solutions with extremal horizons. There is also a one-parameter family of solutions with an infinite number of extremal horizons between static regions. Examples of analytical solutions with nonzero potentials $V (ϕ)$ are also described, among them black hole solutions with simple horizons which are generic but, for canonical scalars, they require (at least partly) negative potentials. With phantom scalars there are ``black universe'' solutions that lead beyond the horizon to an expanding universe instead of a singularity. Most of the solutions under consideration turn out to be unstable under scalar monopole perturbations, but some special black hole solutions are stable.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

On variations of $G$ in the geometric scalar theory of gravity

We analyze the possible variability of the effective Newtonian gravitational constant $G_{\rm N}$ in space and time in the framework of the geometric scalar theory of gravity suggested by M. Novello et al. [JCAP 06, 014 (2013); arXiv: 1212.0770]. Spatial variations of $G_{\rm N}$ in the Solar system are shown to have orders of magnitude detectable by modern instruments. As to variations of $G_{\rm N}$ with cosmological time, it is shown (at least for the particular formulation of the theory discussed in the original paper and the corresponding cosmological models) that these variations are more rapid than is allowed by observations.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2019

Comment on "Linear superposition of regular black hole solutions of Einstein nonlinear electrodynamics"

It is argued that in the paper by A.A. Garcia-Diaz and G. Gutierrez-Cano [Phys. Rev. D 100, 064068 (2019)] on nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to general relativity, along with some interesting results and useful observations, many statements are either inaccurate or incomplete. In particular, the authors only consider solutions with an electric charge, whereas their magnetic counterparts have features of equal interest, both similar to and different from those of electric ones. Moreover, it is not mentioned that in electric solutions with a regular center the Lagrangian function $L(f)$ ($f = F_{μν} F^{μν}$) cannot have a Maxwell weak-field limit. The observation on superpositions of regular solutions suffers some inaccuracies. The present Comment tries to fill these and other gaps and to provide necessary corrections.

gr-qc↗