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Kei-ichi Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to Kei-ichi Watanabe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

The structure of almost symmetric almost complete intersection numerical semigroups

We prove a structure theorem for numerical semigroups H that are almost symmetric and almost complete intersections. Specifically, we show that a row-factorization (RF) matrix of H must possess a highly regular structure, which we call a cascade matrix. Consequently, the defining ideal I_H of the associated semigroup ring k[H] also exhibits a highly regular structure, derived from this cascade matrix. Moreover, both the RF-matrix and the binomial minimal generating set of I_H are unique. Conversely, we show that this structure completely characterizes almost symmetric almost complete intersection numerical semigroups: to every cascade matrix M we associate a monoid H and, whenever this is a numerical semigroup, we prove that it is pseudo-symmetric, almost complete intersection, and has M as RF-matrix. As a consequence of our study, we obtain several additional key results. 1) A rigidity theorem: if an almost complete intersection semigroup is almost symmetric, then it is forced to have odd embedding dimension and to be pseudo-symmetric. This result can be regarded as the ``next step'' after Kunz's theorem, which states that an almost complete intersection semigroup is never symmetric. 2) Cascade polynomials: for each odd positive integer e, we construct a multivariate squarefree polynomial P_e with integer coefficients, arising from a cascade matrix of variables. We provide an enumerative interpretation of its coefficients, thereby proving their non-negativity. 3) Herzog--Watanabe question: en route to proving the main theorem, we prove that every minimal relation of an arbitrary numerical semigroup H can be obtained by subtracting two rows in some RF-matrix of H, affirmatively answering a 2019 question by Herzog and Watanabe.

math.AC↗
arXiv2026

Nearly Gorenstein rational surface singularities

In this paper, we show that for any rational surface singularity $A$, the canonical trace ideal $\mathrm{Tr}_A(K_A)$ is an integrally closed ideal, which is represented by the minimal anti-nef cycle $F$ on the minimal resolution of singularities so that $K_X+F$ is anti-nef. Then $F \ge Z_f$ if $A$ is not Gorenstein, where $Z_f$ is the fundamental cycle. As a result, we give a criterion for the rational surface singularity $A$ to be nearly Gorenstein. Moreover, we classify all nearly Gorenstein rational singularities in terms of resolution of singularities in the following cases: (a) the fundamental cycle $Z_f$ is almost reduced; (b) quotient singularities.

math.AG↗
arXiv2026

Nearly Gorenstein normal graded rings

We investigate nearly Gorenstein property for a normal graded ring $R = \bigoplus_{n\ge 0}R_n$ finitely generated over a field. For that purpose, we investigate ${K_R}^{-1}$, the inverse of $K_R$ (the canonical module of $R$) and introduce a new invariant $b(R)$ of $R$. We investigate nearly Gorenstein property of $R$ using $a(R)$ and $b(R)$ and $m(R)$, the initial degree of $R$. If $b(R)<0$, (and if $R$ is $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein), then we believe that $R$ is log-terminal -- this is proved if $\dim R=2$ or $R$ is F-pure (or $F$-pure type). Then we determine the condition for a $2$-dimensional cone singularity over a smooth curve of genus $g\le 3$ to be nearly Gorenstein. We observe that ``almost Gorenstein" property and nearly Gorenstein property are drastically different for such rings.

math.AC↗
arXiv2026

On Gorensteinness of associated graded rings of filtrations

Let $(A, \mathfrak{m})$ be a Gorenstein local ring, and $\mathcal{F} =\{F_n \}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ a Hilbert filtration. In this paper, we give a criterion for Gorensteinness of the associated graded ring of $\mathcal{F}$ in terms of the Hilbert coefficients of $\mathcal{F}$ in some cases. As a consequence we recover and extend a result proved by Okuma, Watanabe and Yoshida. Further, we present ring-theoretic properties of the normal tangent cone of the maximal ideal of $A=S/(f)$ where $S=K[\![x_0,x_1,\ldots, x_m]\!]$ is a formal power series ring over an algebraically closed field $K$, and $f=x_0^a-g(x_1,\ldots,x_m)$, where $g$ is a polynomial with $g \in (x_1,\ldots,x_m)^b \setminus (x_1,\ldots,x_m)^{b+1}$, and $a, \, b, \, m$ are integers. We show that the normal tangent cone $\overline{G}(\mathfrak{m})$ is Cohen-Macaulay if $A$ is normal and $a \le b$. Moreover, we give a criterion of the Gorensteinness of $\overline{G}(\mathfrak{m})$.

math.AC↗
arXiv2025

A variant of R{ö}hr's vanishing theorem with an application to the normal reduction number for normal surface singularities

Let $A$ be an excellent two-dimensional normal local ring containing an algebraically closed field and let $X\to \mathrm{Spec} (A)$ be a resolution of singularity. We prove a theorem giving a condition under which the dimension of the cohomology group of invertible sheaves on $X$ coincides with a natural lower bound. Applying this theorem, we establish upper bounds for the normal reduction number $\bar{\mathrm{r}}(A)$ of $A$. For example, we prove the inequality $\bar{\mathrm{r}}(A) \le p_a(A)+1$, where $p_a(A)$ denotes the arithmetic genus, a fundamental combinatorial (topological) invariant. We introduce the notion of almost cone singularities and give a sharper inequality $\bar{\mathrm{r}}(A) \le p_f(A)+1$ for such singularities, where $p_f(A)$ denotes the fundamental genus. We also show that $\bar{\mathrm{r}}(A)$ is not a combinatorial invariant in general.

math.AG↗
arXiv2025

Gorenstein Normal tangent cones of integrally closed ideals in two-dimensional normal singularities

Let $(A,\mathfrak m)$ be a two-dimensional excellent normal Gorenstein local domain containing an algebraically closed filed. Let $I =H^0(X,\mathcal{O}_X(-Z)) \subset A$ be an $\mathfrak m$-primary integrally closed ideal represented by an anti-nef cycle $Z$ on some resolution $X\to \mathrm{Spec} A$. In this paper, we prove that $\overline{G}(I)$ is Gorenstein if and only if it is Cohen-Macaulay and $(r-1)Z^2+K_XZ=0$, where $r=\bar{\athrm{r}}(I)$ denotes the normal reduction number of $I$ and $K_X$ denotes the canonical divisor on $X$.

math.AC↗
arXiv2024

A Geometric description of almost Gorensteinness for two-dimensional normal singularities

Let $A$ be an excellent two-dimensional normal local ring containing an algebraically closed field. Then $A$ is called an elliptic singularity if $p_f(A)=1$, where $p_f$ denotes the fundamental genus. On the other hand, the concept of almost Gorenstein rings was introduced by Barucci and Fröberg for one-dimensional local rings and generalized by Goto, Takahashi and Taniguchi to higher dimension. In this paper, we describe almost Gorenstein rings in geometric language using resolution of singularities and give criterions to be almost Gorenstein. In particular, we show that elliptic singularities are almost Gorenstein. Also, for every integer $g\ge 2$, we provide examples of singularities that is almost Gorenstein (resp. not almost Gorenstein) with $p_f(A)=g$. We also provide several examples of determinantal singularities associated with $2\times 3$ matrices, which include both almost Gorenstein singularities and non-almost Gorenstein singularities.

math.AC↗
arXiv2024

Gorensteinness for normal tangent cones of elliptic ideals

Let $A$ be a two-dimensional excellent normal Gorenstein local domain. In this paper, we characterize elliptic ideals $I \subset A$ for its normal tangent cone $\overline{G}(I)$ to be Gorenstein. Moreover, we classify all those ideals in a Gorenstein elliptic singularity in the characteristic zero case.

math.AC↗
arXiv2024

Almost Gorenstein simplicial semigroup rings

We give a criterion for almost Gorenstein property for semigroup rings associated with simplicial semigroups. We extend Nari's theorem for almost symmetric numerical semigroups to simplicial semigroups with higher rank. By this criterion, we determine $2$-dimensional normal semigroup rings which have ``Ulrich elements'' defined in [Herzog-Jafari-Stamate].

math.AC↗
arXiv2023

On Segre products, $F$-regularity, and finite Frobenius representation type

We study the behavior of various properties of commutative Noetherian rings under Segre products, with a special focus on properties in positive prime characteristic defined using the Frobenius endomorphism. Specifically, we construct normal graded rings of finite Frobenius representation type that are not Cohen-Macaulay.

math.AC↗
arXiv2022

Normal Hilbert coefficients and elliptic ideals in normal two-dimensional singularities

Let $(A,\mathfrak m)$ be an excellent two-dimensional normal local domain. In this paper we study the elliptic and the strongly elliptic ideals of $A$ with the aim to characterize elliptic and strongly elliptic singularities, according to the definitions given by Wagreich and by Yau. In analogy with the rational singularities, in the main result we characterize a strongly elliptic singularity in terms of the normal Hilbert coefficients of the integrally closed $\mathfrak m$-primary ideals of $A$. Unlike $p_g$-ideals, elliptic ideals and strongly elliptic ideals are not necessarily normal and necessary and sufficient conditions for being normal are given. In the last section we discuss the existence (and the effective construction) of strongly elliptic ideals in any two-dimensional normal local ring.

math.AC↗
arXiv2022

Lower bounds on Hilbert--Kunz multiplicities and maximal F-signatures

Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity and F-signature are numerical invariants of commutative rings in positive characteristic that measure severity of singularities: for a regular ring both invariants are equal to one and the converse holds under mild assumptions. A natural question is for what singular rings these invariants are closest to one. For Hilbert--Kunz multiplicity this question was first considered by the last two authors and attracted significant attention. In this paper, we study this question, i.e., an upper bound, for F-signature and revisit lower bounds on Hilbert--Kunz multiplicity.

math.AC↗
arXiv2021

Inverse polynomials of numerical semigroup rings

Let H = be a numerical semigroup generated by e elements. Let k[H]= k[x_1, .... , x_e]/I_H = S/I_H be the semigroup ring of H over k. We define inverse polynomial J_{H,h} for h in H and express the defining ideal of I_H using Ann_S (J_{H,h}). In particular, if k[H] is Gorenstein the defining ideal of I_H + (t^h) is Ann_S (J_{H, F(H)+h}), where F(H) is the Frobenius number of H ( = a(k[H]), the a -invariant of k[H]). We apply this to (1) evaluate number of generators of I_H, (2) characterize if k[H] is almost Gorenstein (H is almost symmetric), (3) characterize symmetric semigroups of small multiplicity. Also We give a new proof of Bresinsky's Theorem on Gorenstein semigroup rings of codimension 3 using inverse polynpmial.

math.AC↗
arXiv2021

The normal reduction number of two-dimensional cone-like singularities

Let $(A, \mathfrak m)$ be a normal two-dimensional local ring and $I$ an $\mathfrak m$-primary integrally closed ideal with a minimal reduction $Q$. Then we calculate the numbers: $\mathrm{nr}(I) = \min\{n \;|\; \overline{I^{n+1}} = Q\overline{I^n}\}, \quad \bar{r}(I) = \min\{n \;|\; \overline{I^{N+1}} = Q\overline{I^N}, \forall N\ge n\}$, $\mathrm{nr}(A)$, and $\bar{r}(A)$, where $\mathrm{nr}(A)$ (resp. $\bar{r}(A)$) is the maximum of $\mathrm{nr}(I)$ (resp. $\bar{r}(I)$) for all $\mathfrak m$-primary integrally closed ideals $I\subset A$. Then we have that $\bar{r}(A) \le p_g(A) + 1$, where $p_g(A)$ is the geometric genus of $A$. In this paper, we give an upper bound of $\bar{r}(A)$ when $A$ is a cone-like singularity (which has a minimal resolution whose exceptional set is a single smooth curve) and show, in particular, if $A$ is a hypersurface singularity defined by a homogeneous polynomial of degree $d$, then $\bar{r}(A)= \mathrm{nr}(\mathfrak m) = d-1$. Also we give an example of $A$ and $I$ so that $\mathrm{nr}(I) = 1$ but $\bar{r}(I)= \bar{r}(A) = p_g(A) +1=g+1$ for every integer $g \ge 2$.

math.AC↗
arXiv2019

Almost symmetric numerical semigroups with odd generators

We study almost symmetric semigroups generated by odd integers. If the embedding dimension is four, we characterize when a symmetric semigroup that is not complete intersection or a pseudo-symmetric semigroup is generated by odd integers. Moreover, we give a way to construct all the almost symmetric semigroups with embedding dimension four and type three generated by odd elements. In this case we also prove that all the pseudo-Frobenius numbers are multiple of one of them and this gives many consequences on the semigroup and its defining ideal.

math.AC↗
arXiv2018

Almost symmetric numerical semigroups

We study almost symmetric numerical semigroups and semigroup rings. We describe a characteristic property of the minimal free resolution of the semigroup ring of an almost symmetric numerical semigroup. For almost symmetric semigroups generated by $4$ elements we will give a structure theorem by using the \lq\lq row-factorization matrices", introduced by Moscariello. As a result, we give a simpler proof of Komeda's structure theorem of pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroups generated by $4$ elements. Row-factorization matrices are also used to study shifted families of numerical semigroups.

math.AC↗
arXiv2018

A short proof of Bresinski's Theorem on Gorenstein semigroup rings generated by 4 elements

Let $H=\langle n_1, \ldots ,n_4\rangle$ be a numerical semigroup generated by $4$ elements, which is symmetric and let $k[H]$ be the semigroup ring of $H$ over a field $k$. H. Bresinski proved that the defining ideal of $k[H]$ is minimally generated by $3$ or $5$ elements. We give a new short proof of Bresinski's Theorem using the structure theorem of Buchsbaum and Eisenbud on the minimal free resolution of Gorenstein rings of embedding codimension $3$.

math.AC↗