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Ken Dykema

Publications and source records attributed to Ken Dykema.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
arXiv2009

Higher order spectral shift

We construct higher order spectral shift functions, extending the perturbation theory results of M. G. Krein and L. S. Koplienko on representations for the remainders of the first and second order Taylor-type approximations of operator functions. The higher order spectral shift functions represent the remainders of higher order Taylor-type approximations; they can be expressed recursively via the lower order (in particular, Krein's and Koplienko's) ones. We also obtain higher order spectral averaging formulas generalizing the Birman-Solomyak spectral averaging formula. The results are obtained in the semi-finite von Neumann algebra setting, with the perturbation taken in the Hilbert-Schmidt class of the algebra.

math.SP↗
arXiv2009

Matrices of unitary moments

We investigate certain matrices composed of mixed, second-order moments of unitaries. The unitaries are taken from C*-algebras with moments taken with respect to traces, or, alternatively, from matrix algebras with the usual trace. These sets are of interest in light of a theorem of E. Kirchberg about Connes' embedding problem.

math.OA↗
arXiv2008

Brown measure and iterates of the Aluthge transform for some operators arising from measurable actions

We consider the Aluthge transform $|T|^{1/2}U|T|^{1/2}$ of a Hilbert space operator $T$, where $T=U|T|$ is the polar decomposition of $T$. We prove that the map that sends $T$ to its Aluthge transform is continuous with respect to the norm topology and with respect to the $*$--SOT topology on bounded sets. We consider the special case in a tracial von Neumann algebra when $U$ implements an automorphism of the von Neumann algebra generated by the positive part $|T|$ of $T$, and we prove that the iterated Aluthge transform converges to a normal operator whose Brown measure agrees with that of $T$ (and we compute this Brown measure). This proof relies on a theorem that is an analogue of von Neumann's mean ergodic theorem, but for sums weighted by binomial coefficients.

math.OA↗
arXiv2007

On a reduction procedure for Horn inequalities in finite von Neumann algebras

We consider the analogues of the Horn inequalities in finite von Neumann algebras, which concern the possible spectral distributions of sums $a+b$ of self--adjoint elements $a$ and $b$ in a finite von Neumann algebra. It is an open question whether all of these Horn inequalities must hold in all finite von Neumann algebras, and this is related to Connes' embedding problem. For each choice of integers $1\le r\le n$, there is a set $T^n_r$ of Horn triples, and the Horn inequalities are in one-to-one correspondence with $\cup_{1\le r\le n}T^n_r$. We consider a property P$_n$, analogous to one introduced by Therianos and Thompson in the case of matrices, amounting to the existence of projections having certain properties relative to arbitrary flags, which guarantees that a given Horn inequality holds in all finite von Neumann algebras. It is an open question whether all Horn triples in $T^n_r$ have property P$_n$. Certain triples in $T^n_r$ can be reduced to triples in $T^{n-1}_r$ by an operation we call {\em TT--reduction}. We show that property P$_n$ holds for the original triple if property P$_{n-1}$ holds for the reduced one. We then characterize the TT--irreducible Horn triples in $T^n_3$, for arbitrary $n$, and for those LR--minimal ones (namely, those having Littlewood--Richardson coefficient equal to 1), we perform a construction of projections with respect to flags in arbitrary von Neumann algebras in order to prove property P$_n$ for them. This shows that all LR--minimal triples in $\cup_{n\ge3}T^n_3$ have property P$_n$, and so that the corresponding Horn inequalities hold in all finite von Neumann algebras.

math.OA↗
arXiv2007

Generators of II_1 Factors

In 2005, Shen introduced a new invariant, $\mathcal G(N)$, of a diffuse von Neumann algebra $N$ with a fixed faithful trace, and he used this invariant to give a unified approach to showing that large classes of ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factors $M$ are singly generated. This paper focuses on properties of this invariant. We relate $\mathcal G(M)$ to the number of self-adjoint generators of a ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factor $M$: if $\mathcal G(M) 0$. In particular, if $\mathcal G(\mathcal L\mathbb F_r)>0$ for any particular $r>1$, then the free group factors are pairwise non-isomorphic and are not singly generated for sufficiently large values of $r$. Estimates are given for forming free products and passing to finite index subfactors and the basic construction. We also examine a version of the invariant $\mathcal G_{\text{sa}}(M)$ defined only using self-adjoint operators; this is proved to satisfy $\mathcal G_{\text{sa}}(M)=2\mathcal G(M)$. Finally we give inequalities relating a quantity involved in the calculation of $\mathcal G(M)$ to the free-entropy dimension $δ_0$ of a collection of generators for $M$.

math.OA↗
arXiv2007

A Linearization of Connes' Embedding Problem

We show that Connes' embedding problem for II_1-factors is equivalent to a statement about distributions of sums of self-adjoint operators with matrix coefficients. This is an application of a linearization result for finite von Neumann algebras, which is proved using asymptotic second order freeness of Gaussian random matrices.

math.OA↗
arXiv2006

Unique ergodicity of free shifts and some other automorphisms of C*-algebras

A notion of unique ergodicity relative to the fixed-point subalgebra is defined for automorphisms of unital C*-algebras. It is proved that the free shift on any reduced amalgamated free product C*-algebra is uniquely ergodic relative to its fixed-point subalgebra, as are autormorphisms of reduced group C*-algebras arising from certain automorphisms of groups. A generalization of Haagerup's inequality, yielding bounds on the norms of certain elements in reduced amalgamated free product C*-algebras, is proved.

math.OA↗
arXiv2005

Values of the Pukanszky invariant in free group factors and the hyperfinite factor

Let A be a maximal abelian self-adjoint subalgebra (masa) in a type II_1 factor M acting via standard representation on L^2(M). The abelian von Neumann algebra A generated by A and JAJ has a type I commutant which contains the projection e_A from L^2(M) onto L^2(A). Then A'(1-e_A) decomposes into a direct sum of type I_n algebras for n in {1,2,...,\infty}, and those n's which occur in the direct sum form a set called the Pukanszky invariant, Puk(A), also denoted Puk_M(A) when the containing factor is ambiguous. In this paper we show that this invariant can take on the values S\cup {\infty} when M is both a free group factor and the hyperfinite factor, and where S is an arbitrary subset of the natural numbers. The only previously known values for masas in free group factors were {\infty} and {1,\infty}, and some values of the form S\cup {\infty} are new also for the hyperfinite factor. We also consider a more refined invariant (that we will call the measure-multiplicity invariant), which was considered recently by Neshveyev and Stormer and has been known to experts for a long time. We use the measure-multiplicity invariant to distinguish two masas in a free group factor, both having Pukanszky invariant {n,\infty}, for an arbitrary natural number n.

math.OA↗
arXiv2005

Multilinear function series and transforms in free probability theory

The algebra Mul[[B]] of formal multilinear function series over an algebra B and its quotient SymMul[[B]] are introduced, as well as corresponding operations of formal composition. In the setting of Mul[[B]], the unsymmetrized R- and T-transforms of random variables in B-valued noncommutative probability spaces are introduced. These satisfy properties analogous to the usual R- and T-transforms, (the latter being just the reciprocal of the S-transform), but describe all moments of a random variable, not only the symmetric moments. The partially ordered set of noncrossing linked partitions is introduced and is used to prove properties of the unsymmetrized T-transform.

math.OA↗
arXiv2004

Symmetric random walks on certain amalgamated free product groups

We consider nearest-neighbor random walks on free products of finitely many copies of the integers with amalgamation over nontrivial subgroups. When all the subgroups have index two, we find the Green function of the random walks in terms of complete elliptic integrals. Our technique is to apply Voiculescu's operator--valued R--transform.

math.PR↗
arXiv2004

Hyperinvariant subspaces for some B-circular operators

We show that if A is a Hilbert-space operator, then the set of all projections onto hyperinvariant subspaces of A, which is contained in the von Neumann algebra vN(A) that is generated by A, is independent of the representation of vN(A), thought of as an abstract W^*-algebra. We modify a technique of Foias, Ko, Jung and Pearcy to get a method for finding nontrivial hyperinvariant subspaces of certain operators in finite von Neumann algebras. We introduce the B-circular operators as a special case of Speicher's B-Gaussian operators in free probability theory, and we prove several results about a B-circular operator z, including formulas for the B-valued Cauchy- and R-transforms of z^*z. We show that a large class of L^\infty([0,1])-circular operators in finite von Neumann algebras have nontrivial hyperinvariant subspaces, and that another large class of them can be embedded in the free group factor L(F_3). These results generalize some of what is known about the quasinilpotent DT-operator.

math.OA↗
arXiv2003

Manifold structure of spaces of spherical tight frames

We consider the space F^E_{k,n} of all spherical tight frames of k vectors in real or complex n--dimensional Hilbert space E^n, i.e. E=R or E=C, and its orbit space G^E_{k,n}=F^E_{k,n}/O^E_n under the obvious action of the group O^E_n of structure preserving transformations of E^n. We show that the quotient map F^E_{k,n} -> G^E_{k,n} is a locally trivial fiber bundle (also in the more general case of ellipsoidal tight frames) and that there is a homeomorphism G^E_{k,n} -> G^E_{k,k-n}. We show that G^E_{k,n} and F^E_{k,n} are real manifolds whenever k and n are relatively prime, and we describe them as disjoint unions of finitely many manifolds (of various dimensions) when when k and n have a common divisor. We also prove that F^R_{k,2} is connected (k >= 4) and F^R_{n+2,n} is connected, (n >= 2). The spaces G^R_{4,2} and G^R_{5,2} are investigated in detail. The former is found to be a graph and the latter is the orientable surface of genus 25.

math.FA↗
arXiv2003

Ellipsoidal tight frames and projection decompositions of operators

We prove the existence of tight frames whose elements lie on an arbitrary ellipsoidal surface within a real or complex separable Hilbert space H, and we analyze the set of attainable frame bounds. In the case where H is real and has finite dimension, we give an algorithmic proof. Our main tool in the infinite-dimensional case is a result we have proven which concerns the decomposition of a positive invertible operator into a strongly converging sum of (not necessarily mutually orthogonal) self-adjoint projections. This decomposition result implies the existence of tight frames in the ellipsoidal surface determined by the positive operator. In the real or complex finite dimensional case, this provides an alternate (but not algorithmic) proof that every such surface contains tight frames with every prescribed length at least as large as dim H. A corollary in both finite and infinite dimensions is that every positive invertible operator is the frame operator for a spherical frame.

math.OA↗
arXiv2003

On embeddings of full amalgamated free product C*-algebras

We examine the question of when the *-homomorphism of full amalgamated free product C*-algebras λ: A *_D B --> A' *_{D'} B', arising from compatible inclusions of C*-algebras A in A', B in B' and D in D', is an embedding. Results giving sufficient conditions for λto be injective, as well of classes of examples where λfails to be injective, are obtained. As an application, we give necessary and sufficient condition for the full amalgamated free product of finite dimensional C*-algebras to be residually finite dimensional.

math.OA↗
arXiv2003

Invariant subspaces of the quasinilpotent DT-operator

We previously introduced the class of DT--operators, which are modeled by certain upper triangular random matrices, and showed that if the spectrum of a DT-operator is not reduced to a single point, then it has a nontrivial, closed, hyperinvariant subspace. In this paper, we prove that also every DT-operator whose spectrum is concentrated on a single point has a nontrivial, closed, hyperinvariant subspace. In fact, each such operator has a one-parameter family of them. It follows that every DT-operator generates the von Neumann algebra L(F_2) of the free group on two generators.

math.OA↗
arXiv2002

DT-operators and decomposability of Voiculescu's circular operator

The DT-operators are introduced, one for every pair (μ,c) consisting of a compactly supported Borel probability measure μon the complex plane and a constant c>0. These are operators on Hilbert space that are defined as limits in *-moments of certain upper triangular random matrices. The DT-operators include Voiculescu's circular operator and elliptic deformations of it, as well as the circular free Poisson operators. We show that every DT-operator is strongly decomposable. We also show that a DT-operator generates a II_1-factor, whose isomorphism class depends only on the number and sizes of atoms of μ. Those DT-operators that are also R-diagonal are identified. For a quasi-nilpotent DT-operator T, we find the distribution of T^*T and a recursion formula for general *-moments of T.

math.OA↗