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Kh. M. Beshtoev

Publications and source records attributed to Kh. M. Beshtoev.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2004

Schemes and Mechanisms of Neutrino Mixings (Oscillations) and a Solution of the Sun Neutrinos Deficit Problem

Three schemes of neutrino mixings (oscillations) are proposed. The problems of origin of angle mixings, with the law of energy-momentum conservation and disintegration of neutrino as wave pocket are solved. These two schemes belong to mass mixings schemes, where mixing angles and oscillation lengths are expressed via elements of mass matrix. The third scheme belongs to the charge mixings scheme, where mixing parameters are expressed via neutrino weak charges, as it takes place in the vector dominance model. Using experiments we must decide which of these schemes is realized indeed. Analysis of the resonance enhancement mechanism of neutrino oscillations in matter is performed. It is shown that there are no indications on existence of this effect. It is shown that the supposition that the neutrinos are Majorana particles is not confirmed by accelerator experiments. Then only mixings (oscillations) between Dirac neutrinos with different flavors without sterile neutrinos can be realized. Using all the present experimental data and the theoretical results the problem of Sun neutrinos deficit is analyzed. The conclusion is: the primary Sun $ν_e$ neutrinos are converted into mixtures of three types of neutrinos $ν_e, ν_μ, ν_τ$ in approximately equal quantities.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2003

About Possibility for Examination of Gravity Theories Using the Precise Measurement of Particle Lifetime

An approach for examination of gravitational theories using precision measurements of particle lifetime is proposed. The expressions describing dependence of particle lifetime on gravitational potential in Einstein's and Newton's gravity theories are obtained. In the case of Newton's gravity there is a dependence of the particle velocity direction from the direction of matter location, which creates the gravitational potential. If the external gravitational field is spherical symmetric then there would be no possibility to distinguish these types of gravity. It is found that the deposit of gravitational potential of the Universe (in the case of uniformly distribution of matter in the Universe) in particle lifetime is approximately one percent. On the basis of the available experimental data it is found that deposit of asymmetric gravitational field is $\fracϕ{c^2} \simeq 2 \cdot 10^{-4}$, i.e., if the experimental precision of particle lifetime measurements will be several units of $10^{-4}$, then we could see this effect. In reality, the lifetime of elementary particles can be defined by effective masses of these particles in the external gravitational field. The expressions for effective masses of particles in the external gravitational field for two gravity type theories are obtained. These masses can be used at computation of the decay probability (or lifetime) of particles by standard methods. It is shown that in this case it is also possible to distinguish these two types of gravity theories.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Some Unsettled Questions in the Problem of Neutrino Oscillations

It is noted that the theory of neutrino oscillations can be constructed only in the framework of the particle physics theory, where is a mass shell conception and then transitions (oscillations) between neutrinos with equal masses are real and between neutrinos with different masses are virtual. It is necessary to solve the question: which type of neutrino transitions (oscillations) is realized in nature? There can be three types of neutrino transitions (oscillations). At present it is considered that Dirac and Majorana neutrino oscillations can be realized. It is shown that we cannot put Majorana neutrinos in the standard weak interactions theory without violation of the gauge invariance. Then it is obvious that there can be only realized transitions (oscillations) between Dirac neutrinos with different flowers. Also it is shown that the mechanism of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter cannot be realized without violation of the law of energy-momentum conservation. Though it is supposed that we see neutrino oscillations in experiments, indeed there only transitions between neutrinos are registered. In order to register neutrino oscillations it is necessary to see second or even higher neutrino oscillation modes in experiments. For this purpose we can use the elliptic character of the Earth orbit. The analysis shows that the SNO experimental results do not confirm smallest of nu_e to nu_τtransition angle mixings, which was obtained in CHOOZ experiment. It is also noted that there is contradiction between SNO, Super-Kamiokande, Homestake and the SAGE and GNO (GALLEX) data.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Possible Development of the Newton Gravitational Theory of Interactions. An Alternative Approach to the Gravitational Theory

This work is devoted to the discussion of an idea that gravitational interactions might be residual interactions of strong and electromagnetic interactions. Then, absence of the carriers of the gravitational interactions finds a natural explanation in the framework this idea. Besides, since masses (charges of the gravitational interactions) of particles are generated in strong, electromagnetic (and possibly, in other) interactions and if masses of the particles will be not generated in these interactions (i.e. $m \equiv 0$), then the gravitational interactions do not appear. That is also indirect confirmation of the considered idea. Connections between charge of the gravitational and other interactions are considered.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2002

Some Remarks to the Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions. Absence of Polarization i.e. Charge Renormalization and Mass Generations

In the article considers some remarks to the standard approach to weak interactions. Higgs mechanism contains contradictions, therefore cannot be considered as a realistic mechanism for mass generations. The couple constant of the weak interactions cannot be changed in dependence on momenta transfer (it leads to violation of the law of energy-momenta conversation), i.e. it must be constant. It means that there are no charge vacuum polarizations or renormalization of the couple constant of the weak interactions. Then it is clear that the resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter cannot exist either for absence of matter polarizations. Masses are not generated and connected states cannot form in these interactions either since $P$-parity is violated. Then also as in the strong and electromagnetic interactions, in the weak interactions we can use the perturbative theory but in this case the propagators must be the propagators of free particles without renormalization.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Neutrino Oscillations. Theory and Experiment

The theoretical schemes on neutrino oscillations are considered. The experimental data on neutrino oscillations from Super-Kamiokande (Japan) and SNO (Kanada) are given. Comparison of these data with theoretical schemes is done. Conclusion is made that the experimental data have confirmed the scheme only with transitions (oscillations) between aromatic $ν_e, ν_μ, ν_τ$ neutrinos with maximal mixing angles.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Oscillations of $K^0$ Mesons in the Phase Volume Approach in the Standard Model and in the Model of Dynamical Analogy of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrices

The elements of the theory of dynamical expansion of the theory of weak interaction working at the tree level, i.e. the model of dynamical analogy of Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa matrices, are given. The equation for mass difference of $K^0_1, K^0_2$ mesons or the length of $K^0, \bar K^0$ meson oscillations in the phase volume approach in the frame work of the standard model of the weak interactions and the model of dynamical analogy of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices is calculated (in this model the oscillations of $K^0, \bar K^0$ mesons arise at violation of strangeness by $B$ bosons). Comparison of the length of oscillations in the diagram and phase volume approaches was done. The length of $K^0 \leftrightarrow \bar K^0$ oscillations in the phase volume approach is much more than the length of these oscillations in the diagram approach.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Some Consequences of the Law of Local Energy Conservation in Electromagnetic field

At electromagnetic interactions of particles there arises defect of masses, i.e. the energy is liberated since the particles of the different charges are attracted. It is shown that this change of the effective mass of a particle in the external electrical field (of a nucleus) results in displacement of atomic levels of electrons. The expressions describing these velocity changes and displacement of energy levels of electrons in the atom are obtained.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2001

Some Consequences of the Law of Local Energy Conservation in the Gravitational Field

At gravitational interactions of bodies and particles there appears the defect of masses, i.e. the energy yields since the bodies (or particles) are attracted. It is shown that this changing of the effective mass of the body (or the particle) in the external gravitational field leads to changes the measurement units: velocity and length (relative to the standard measurement units). The expression describing the advance of the perihelion of the planet (the Mercury) has been obtained. This expression is mathematically identical to Einstein's equation for the advance of the perihelion of the Mercury.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2001

The Distinctive Feature of Weak Interactions and Some of Its Subsequences (Impossibility of Generation of Masses and Absence of the MSW Effect

In the Quantum theory the wave functions form a full and orthonormalized functional space. For this reason we can use the equation on eigenfunctions and eigenstates and find the eigenenergies $E_n$ and eigenfunctions $Ψ_n$ to determine the physical characteristics of the considered systems (or models). In the Quantum theory the observed values are the average value of operators. Since the wave functions create a full and orthonormalized space, the average values of operators coincide with eigenvalues of operators. This situation takes place in the case of strong and electromagnetic interactions. However, the average values of the weak interaction operators are equal to zero since only the left-handed components of spinors participate in the weak interactions. It means that in these interactions the connected states cannot exist. Then the weak interaction of the particles (scatterings, decays) can be considered only in the framework of the standard perturbative approach. It is shown that the weak interactions cannot generate masses and the equation for Green's function of the weak interacting fermions (neutrinos) in the matter coincides with the equation for Green's function of fermions in vacuum. And in the result we come to a conclusion: the mechanism of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter (i.e. MSW effect) cannot exist.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

pi <---> K Meson Vacuum Transitions (Oscillations) in Diagram Approach in the Model of Dynamical Analogy of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrices

The elements of the theory of vacuum oscillations and the model of dynamical expansion of the theory of weak interactions works at the tree level, i.e. the model of dynamical analogy of Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa matrices and its further development, are given. It is shown that the quarks and massive vector bosons must be structural and these structural particles (subparticles) must interact to generate quark and vector boson masses. In this case the problem of singularity cancellations does not arise in this model. It is also shown that, for self consistency of the theory, the weak decays of $K$ mesons must go through massive vector boson $B$ but not $W$ boson. In the framework of this model the probability of $π\leftrightarrow K$ transitions (oscillations) in the diagram approach is computed. These transitions are virtual since masses of $π$ and $K$ mesons differ considerably. These transitions (oscillations) can be registered through $K$ decays after transitions of virtual $K$ mesons to their own mass shell by using their quasielastic strong interactions.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Defect Mass in Gravitational Field and Red Shift of Atomic and Nuclear Radiation Spectra

It is shown, that radiation spectrum of atoms (or nuclei) in the gravitational field has a red shift since the effective mass of radiating electrons (or nucleons) changes in this field. This red shift is equal to the red shift of radiation spectrum in the gravitational field measured in existence experiments. The same shift must arise when the photon (or $ γ$ quantum) is passing through the gravitational field if it participates in gravitational interactions (photon has no rest mass). The absence of the double effect in the experiments, probably, means that photons (or $ γ$ quanta) are passing through the gravitational field without interactions.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2000

Green's Function in Weak Interactions (in Matter) and Impossibility of Realizing the MSW Effect

It is shown that the equation for Green's function of fermions (neutrinos) with weak interactions (in matter) coincides with the equation for Green's function of fermions in vacuum. This result is a consequence of the fact that the right components of fermions do not participate in weak interactions. As a result we come to a conclusion: the mechanism of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter (i.e. MSW effect) cannot exist.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

Impossible Realization of Neutrino Resonance Oscillations Enhancement in Matter

In this paper, we study a photon, a massive charged particle, and a massive neutrino passing through matter. The hypothetical left-right symmetric weak interaction, which is used in Wolfenstein's equation can generate the resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter, which disappears when neutrinos go out into vacuum from matter (the Sun). It is shown that since standard weak interactions cannot generate masses, the laws of conservation of the energy and the momentum of neutrino in matter will be fulfilled only if the energy $W$ of polarization of matter by the neutrino or the corresponding term in Wolfenstein's equation, is zero. This result implies that neutrinos cannot generate permanent polarization of matter. This leads to the conclusion: resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter does not exist. It is also shown that in standard weak interactions the Cherenkov radiation cannot exist.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

Types of Particle Oscillations and Their Realizations in Neutral K Meson and Neutrino Oscillations

Two particle vacuum transitions (oscillations) are studied in the general case. We found that: 1) a nondiagonal mass term characterising oscillations is the width of two particle transitions into each other (this width can be computed by the standard method); 2) two types of oscillations take place: real and virtual. Solution of the problem of origin of mixing angle in the theory of vacuum oscillations is given. It is shown that neutral K meson and neutrino oscillations must proceed via two stages. First, neutral K^{o}, antineutral K-eigenstates of strong interaction (or nu(e), nu(mu), nu(tau) eigenstates of weak interactions) are created. Then, owing to the presence of the strangeness violating weak interaction (or the lepton number violating interactions), these meson states (or neutrino states) are converted into superpositions of neutral K(1) and neutral K(2)-eigenstates of the weak interaction violating strangeness (or nu(1), nu(2), nu(3)-eigenstates of the interaction-violating lepton numbers). Further, neutral K-meson or neutrino oscillations will occur in accordance with the standard scheme.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

About virtual pi --> K Meson Oscillations

In the framework of the Standard Model the probability (and time) of pi --> K transitions (oscillations) are computed. These transitions are virtual ones since masses of pi and K mesons differ considerably. These transitions (oscillations) can be registered through K decays after transitions of virtual K mesons to their own mass shell by using their quasielastic strong interactions. But for avoiding the background from inelastic K mesons, the energies E(pi) of pi mesons must be less than the threshold energy of their creation, i.e. E(pi) < 0.91GeV. The optimal distances for observation of these oscillations are computed. Solution of the problem of origin of mixing angle in the theory of vacuum oscillation is given.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

About some Distinguishing Features of the Weak Interaction

In this work it is shown that, in contrast to the strong and electromagnetic theories, additive conserved numbers (such as lepton, aromatic and another numbers) and gamma-5 anomaly do not appear in the standard weak interaction theory. It means that in this interaction the additive numbers cannot be conserved. These results are the consequence of specific character of the weak interaction: the right components of spinors do not participate in this interaction. The schemes of violation of the aromatic and lepton numbers were considered.

hep-ph↗