arXiv subjects

Laurent Romary

Publications and source records attributed to Laurent Romary.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

Marking-up multiple views of a Text: Discourse and Reference

We describe an encoding scheme for discourse structure and reference, based on the TEI Guidelines and the recommendations of the Corpus Encoding Specification (CES). A central feature of the scheme is a CES-based data architecture enabling the encoding of and access to multiple views of a marked-up document. We describe a tool architecture that supports the encoding scheme, and then show how we have used the encoding scheme and the tools to perform a discourse analytic task in support of a model of global discourse cohesion called Veins Theory (Cristea & Ide, 1998).

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

A Common XML-based Framework for Syntactic Annotations

It is widely recognized that the proliferation of annotation schemes runs counter to the need to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. To answer this need, we have developed a framework comprised of an abstract model for a variety of different annotation types (e.g., morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic annotation, co-reference annotation, etc.), which can be instantiated in different ways depending on the annotator's approach and goals. In this paper we provide an overview of the framework, demonstrate its applicability to syntactic annotation, and show how it can contribute to comparative evaluation of parser output and diverse syntactic annotation schemes.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

Standards for Language Resources

This paper presents an abstract data model for linguistic annotations and its implementation using XML, RDF and related standards; and to outline the work of a newly formed committee of the International Standards Organization (ISO), ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Language Resource Management, which will use this work as its starting point. The primary motive for presenting the latter is to solicit the participation of members of the research community to contribute to the work of the committee.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

Dynamically Generated Interfaces in XML Based Architecture

Providing on-line services on the Internet will require the definition of flexible interfaces that are capable of adapting to the user's characteristics. This is all the more important in the context of medical applications like home monitoring, where no two patients have the same medical profile. Still, the problem is not limited to the capacity of defining generic interfaces, as has been made possible by UIML, but also to define the underlying information structures from which these may be generated. The DIATELIC project deals with the tele-monitoring of patients under peritoneal dialysis. By means of XML abstractions, termed as "medical components", to represent the patient's profile, the application configures the customizable properties of the patient's interface and generates a UIML document dynamically. The interface allows the patient to feed the data manually or use a device which allows "automatic data acquisition". The acquired medical data is transferred to an expert system, which analyses the data and sends alerts to the medical staff. In this paper we show how UIML can be seen as one component within a global XML based architecture.

cs.OH↗

arXiv2009

Reference Resolution within the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

Following the principles of Cognitive Grammar, we concentrate on a model for reference resolution that attempts to overcome the difficulties previous approaches, based on the fundamental assumption that all reference (independent on the type of the referring expression) is accomplished via access to and restructuring of domains of reference rather than by direct linkage to the entities themselves. The model accounts for entities not explicitly mentioned but understood in a discourse, and enables exploitation of discursive and perceptual context to limit the set of potential referents for a given referring expression. As the most important feature, we note that a single mechanism is required to handle what are typically treated as diverse phenomena. Our approach, then, provides a fresh perspective on the relations between Cognitive Grammar and the problem of reference.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

A general XML-based distributed software architecture for accessing and sharing ressources

This paper presents a general xml-based distributed software architecture in the aim of accessing and sharing resources in an opened client/server environment. The paper is organized as follows : First, we introduce the idea of a "General Distributed Software Architecture". Second, we describe the general framework in which this architecture is used. Third, we describe the process of information exchange and we introduce some technical issues involved in the implementation of the proposed architecture. Finally, we present some projects which are currently using, or which should use, the proposed architecture.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2009

Multiple Retrieval Models and Regression Models for Prior Art Search

This paper presents the system called PATATRAS (PATent and Article Tracking, Retrieval and AnalysiS) realized for the IP track of CLEF 2009. Our approach presents three main characteristics: 1. The usage of multiple retrieval models (KL, Okapi) and term index definitions (lemma, phrase, concept) for the three languages considered in the present track (English, French, German) producing ten different sets of ranked results. 2. The merging of the different results based on multiple regression models using an additional validation set created from the patent collection. 3. The exploitation of patent metadata and of the citation structures for creating restricted initial working sets of patents and for producing a final re-ranking regression model. As we exploit specific metadata of the patent documents and the citation relations only at the creation of initial working sets and during the final post ranking step, our architecture remains generic and easy to extend.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

Pattern Based Term Extraction Using ACABIT System

In this paper, we propose a pattern-based term extraction approach for Japanese, applying ACABIT system originally developed for French. The proposed approach evaluates termhood using morphological patterns of basic terms and term variants. After extracting term candidates, ACABIT system filters out non-terms from the candidates based on log-likelihood. This approach is suitable for Japanese term extraction because most of Japanese terms are compound nouns or simple phrasal patterns.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

Encoding models for scholarly literature

We examine the issue of digital formats for document encoding, archiving and publishing, through the specific example of "born-digital" scholarly journal articles. We will begin by looking at the traditional workflow of journal editing and publication, and how these practices have made the transition into the online domain. We will examine the range of different file formats in which electronic articles are currently stored and published. We will argue strongly that, despite the prevalence of binary and proprietary formats such as PDF and MS Word, XML is a far superior encoding choice for journal articles. Next, we look at the range of XML document structures (DTDs, Schemas) which are in common use for encoding journal articles, and consider some of their strengths and weaknesses. We will suggest that, despite the existence of specialized schemas intended specifically for journal articles (such as NLM), and more broadly-used publication-oriented schemas such as DocBook, there are strong arguments in favour of developing a subset or customization of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) schema for the purpose of journal-article encoding; TEI is already in use in a number of journal publication projects, and the scale and precision of the TEI tagset makes it particularly appropriate for encoding scholarly articles. We will outline the document structure of a TEI-encoded journal article, and look in detail at suggested markup patterns for specific features of journal articles.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2009

Questions & Answers for TEI Newcomers

This paper provides an introduction to the Text Encoding Initia-tive (TEI), focused at bringing in newcomers who have to deal with a digital document project and are looking at the capacity that the TEI environment may have to fulfil his needs. To this end, we avoid a strictly technical presentation of the TEI and concentrate on the actual issues that such projects face, with parallel made on the situation within two institutions. While a quick walkthrough the TEI technical framework is provided, the papers ends up by showing the essential role of the community in the actual technical contributions that are being brought to the TEI.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2007

International Standard for a Linguistic Annotation Framework

This paper describes the Linguistic Annotation Framework under development within ISO TC37 SC4 WG1. The Linguistic Annotation Framework is intended to serve as a basis for harmonizing existing language resources as well as developing new ones.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2007

A Formal Model of Dictionary Structure and Content

We show that a general model of lexical information conforms to an abstract model that reflects the hierarchy of information found in a typical dictionary entry. We show that this model can be mapped into a well-formed XML document, and how the XSL transformation language can be used to implement a semantics defined over the abstract model to enable extraction and manipulation of the information in any format.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2007

OA@MPS - a colourful view

The open access agenda of the Max Planck Society, initiator of the Berlin Declaration, envisions the support of both the green way and the golden way to open access. For the implementation of the green way the Max Planck Society through its newly established unit (Max Planck Digital Library) follows the idea of providing a centralized technical platform for publications and a local support for editorial issues. With regard to the golden way, the Max Planck Society fosters the development of open access publication models and experiments new publishing concepts like the Living Reviews journals.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2007

Multimodal Meaning Representation for Generic Dialogue Systems Architectures

An unified language for the communicative acts between agents is essential for the design of multi-agents architectures. Whatever the type of interaction (linguistic, multimodal, including particular aspects such as force feedback), whatever the type of application (command dialogue, request dialogue, database querying), the concepts are common and we need a generic meta-model. In order to tend towards task-independent systems, we need to clarify the modules parameterization procedures. In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of a meta-model designed to represent meaning in linguistic and multimodal applications. This meta-model is called MMIL for MultiModal Interface Language, and has first been specified in the framework of the IST MIAMM European project. What we want to test here is how relevant is MMIL for a completely different context (a different task, a different interaction type, a different linguistic domain). We detail the exploitation of MMIL in the framework of the IST OZONE European project, and we draw the conclusions on the role of MMIL in the parameterization of task-independent dialogue managers.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2006

Un modèle générique d'organisation de corpus en ligne: application à la FReeBank

The few available French resources for evaluating linguistic models or algorithms on other linguistic levels than morpho-syntax are either insufficient from quantitative as well as qualitative point of view or not freely accessible. Based on this fact, the FREEBANK project intends to create French corpora constructed using manually revised output from a hybrid Constraint Grammar parser and annotated on several linguistic levels (structure, morpho-syntax, syntax, coreference), with the objective to make them available on-line for research purposes. Therefore, we will focus on using standard annotation schemes, integration of existing resources and maintenance allowing for continuous enrichment of the annotations. Prior to the actual presentation of the prototype that has been implemented, this paper describes a generic model for the organization and deployment of a linguistic resource archive, in compliance with the various works currently conducted within international standardization initiatives (TEI and ISO/TC 37/SC 4).

cs.CL↗

arXiv2006

Foundations of Modern Language Resource Archives

A number of serious reasons will convince an increasing amount of researchers to store their relevant material in centers which we will call "language resource archives". They combine the duty of taking care of long-term preservation as well as the task to give access to their material to different user groups. Access here is meant in the sense that an active interaction with the data will be made possible to support the integration of new data, new versions or commentaries of all sort. Modern Language Resource Archives will have to adhere to a number of basic principles to fulfill all requirements and they will have to be involved in federations to create joint language resource domains making it even more simple for the researchers to access the data. This paper makes an attempt to formulate the essential pillars language resource archives have to adhere to.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2006

Unification of multi-lingual scientific terminological resources using the ISO 16642 standard. The TermSciences initiative

This paper presents the TermSciences portal, which deals with the implementation of a conceptual model that uses the recent ISO 16642 standard (Terminological Markup Framework). This standard turns out to be suitable for concept modeling since it allowed for organizing the original resources by concepts and to associate the various terms for a given concept. Additional structuring is produced by sharing conceptual relationships, that is, cross-linking of resource results through the introduction of semantic relations which may have initially be missing.

cs.CL↗