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Liang Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Liang Yang.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

Fast and Explicit Neural View Synthesis

We study the problem of novel view synthesis from sparse source observations of a scene comprised of 3D objects. We propose a simple yet effective approach that is neither continuous nor implicit, challenging recent trends on view synthesis. Our approach explicitly encodes observations into a volumetric representation that enables amortized rendering. We demonstrate that although continuous radiance field representations have gained a lot of attention due to their expressive power, our simple approach obtains comparable or even better novel view reconstruction quality comparing with state-of-the-art baselines while increasing rendering speed by over 400x. Our model is trained in a category-agnostic manner and does not require scene-specific optimization. Therefore, it is able to generalize novel view synthesis to object categories not seen during training. In addition, we show that with our simple formulation, we can use view synthesis as a self-supervision signal for efficient learning of 3D geometry without explicit 3D supervision.

cs.CV↗

Automatic Impact-sounding Acoustic Inspection of Concrete Structure

Impact sounding signal has been shown to contain information about structural integrity flaws and subsurface objects from previous research. As non-destructive testing (NDT) method, one of the biggest challenges in impact sounding based inspection is the subsurface targets detection and reconstruction. This paper presents the importance and practicability of using solenoids to trigger impact sounding signal and using acoustic data to reconstruct subsurface objects to address this issue. First, by taking advantage of Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (V-SLAM), we could obtain the 3D position of the robot during the inspection. Second, our NDE method is based on Frequency Density (FD) analysis for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the impact sounding signal. At last, by combining the 3D position data and acoustic data, this paper creates a 3D map to highlight the possible subsurface objects. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the method.

eess.AS↗

A new class of copula regression models for modelling multivariate heavy-tailed data

A new class of copulas, termed the MGL copula class, is introduced. The new copula originates from extracting the dependence function of the multivariate generalized log-Moyal-gamma distribution whose marginals follow the univariate generalized log-Moyal-gamma (GLMGA) distribution as introduced in \citet{li2019jan}. The MGL copula can capture nonelliptical, exchangeable, and asymmetric dependencies among marginal coordinates and provides a simple formulation for regression applications. We discuss the probabilistic characteristics of MGL copula and obtain the corresponding extreme-value copula, named the MGL-EV copula. While the survival MGL copula can be also regarded as a special case of the MGB2 copula from \citet{yang2011generalized}, we show that the proposed model is effective in regression modelling of dependence structures. Next to a simulation study, we propose two applications illustrating the usefulness of the proposed model. This method is also implemented in a user-friendly R package: \texttt{rMGLReg}.

stat.ME↗

Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop THz Transmission Systems over $α$-$μ$ Fading Channels with Pointing Errors

In this paper, the performance of a dual-hop relaying terahertz (THz) wireless communication system is investigated. In particular, the behaviors of the two THz hops are determined by three factors, which are the deterministic path loss, the fading effects, and pointing errors. Assuming that both THz links are subject to the $α$-$μ$ fading with pointing errors, we derive exact expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Relying on the CDF and PDF, important performance metrics are evaluated, such as the outage probability, average bit error rate, and average channel capacity. Moreover, the asymptotic analyses are presented to obtain more insights. Results show that the dual-hop relaying scheme has better performance than the single THz link. The system's diversity order is $\min\left\{\frac{ϕ_1}{2},\frac{α_1μ_1}{2},ϕ_2,α_2μ_2\right\}$, where $α_i$ and $μ_i$ represent the fading parameters of the $i$-th THz link for $i\in(1,2)$, and $ϕ_i$ denotes the pointing error parameter. In addition, we extend the analysis to a multi-relay cooperative system and derive the asymptotic symbol error rate expressions. Results demonstrate that the diversity order of the multi-relay system is $K\min\left\{\frac{ϕ_1}{2},\frac{α_1μ_1}{2},ϕ_2,α_2μ_2\right\}$, where $K$ is the number of relays. Finally, the derived analytical expressions are verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

cs.IT↗

IRS-Assisted Massive MIMO-NOMA Networks with Polarization Diversity

In this paper, the appealing features of a dual-polarized intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) are exploited to improve the performance of dual-polarized massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). By considering the downlink of a multi-cluster scenario, the IRSs assist the base station (BS) to multiplex subsets of users in the polarization domain. Our novel strategy alleviates the impact of imperfect SIC and enables users to exploit polarization diversity with near-zero inter-subset interference. Our results show that when the IRSs are large enough, the proposed scheme always outperforms conventional massive MIMO-NOMA and MIMO-OMA systems even if SIC error propagation is present. It is also confirmed that dual-polarized IRSs can make cross-polar transmissions beneficial to the users, allowing them to improve their performance through polarization diversity.

eess.SP↗

IRS-Assisted Massive MIMO-NOMA Networks: Exploiting Wave Polarization

A dual-polarized intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) can contribute to a better multiplexing of interfering wireless users. In this paper, we use this feature to improve the performance of dual-polarized massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). By considering the downlink of a multi-cluster scenario, the IRSs assist the base station (BS) to multiplex subsets of users in the polarization domain. Our novel strategy alleviates the impact of imperfect SIC and enables users to exploit polarization diversity with near-zero inter-subset interference. To this end, the IRSs are optimized to mitigate transmissions originated at the BS from the interfering polarization. The formulated optimization is transformed into quadratic constrained quadratic sub-problems, which makes it possible to obtain the optimal solution via interior-points methods. We also derive analytically a closed-form expression for the users' ergodic rates by considering large numbers of reflecting elements. This is followed by representative simulation examples and comprehensive discussions. The results show that when the IRSs are large enough, the proposed scheme always outperforms conventional massive MIMO-NOMA and MIMO-OMA systems even if SIC error propagation is present. It is also confirmed that dual-polarized IRSs can make cross-polar transmissions beneficial to the users, allowing them to improve their performance through diversity.

eess.SP↗

GPR-based Model Reconstruction System for Underground Utilities Using GPRNet

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the most important non-destructive evaluation (NDE) instruments to detect and locate underground objects (i.e., rebars, utility pipes). Many previous researches focus on GPR image-based feature detection only, and none can process sparse GPR measurements to successfully reconstruct a very fine and detailed 3D model of underground objects for better visualization. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel robotic system to collect GPR data, localize the underground utilities, and reconstruct the underground objects' dense point cloud model. This system is composed of three modules: 1) visual-inertial-based GPR data collection module, which tags the GPR measurements with positioning information provided by an omnidirectional robot; 2) a deep neural network (DNN) migration module to interpret the raw GPR B-scan image into a cross-section of object model; 3) a DNN-based 3D reconstruction module, i.e., GPRNet, to generate underground utility model with the fine 3D point cloud. In this paper, both the quantitative and qualitative experiment results verify our method that can generate a dense and complete point cloud model of pipe-shaped utilities based on a sparse input, i.e., GPR raw data incompleteness and various noise. The experiment results on synthetic data and field test data further support the effectiveness of our approach.

cs.CV↗

Towards 3D Metric GPR Imaging Based on DNN Noise Removal and Dielectric Estimation

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the most important non-destructive evaluation (NDE) devices to detect subsurface objects (i.e., rebars, utility pipes) and reveal the underground scene. The two biggest challenges in GPR-based inspection are the GPR data collection and subsurface target imaging. To address these challenges, we propose a robotic solution that automates the GPR data collection process with a free motion pattern. It facilitates the 3D metric GPR imaging by tagging the pose information with GPR measurement in real-time. We also introduce a deep neural network (DNN) based GPR data analysis method which includes a noise removal segmentation module to clear the noise in GPR raw data and a DielectricNet to estimate the dielectric value of subsurface media in each GPR B-scan data. We use both the field and synthetic data to verify the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve better performance and faster processing speed in GPR data collection and 3D GPR imaging than other methods.

eess.SP↗

Bi-GCN: Binary Graph Convolutional Network

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success in graph representation learning. Unfortunately, current GNNs usually rely on loading the entire attributed graph into network for processing. This implicit assumption may not be satisfied with limited memory resources, especially when the attributed graph is large. In this paper, we pioneer to propose a Binary Graph Convolutional Network (Bi-GCN), which binarizes both the network parameters and input node features. Besides, the original matrix multiplications are revised to binary operations for accelerations. According to the theoretical analysis, our Bi-GCN can reduce the memory consumption by an average of ~30x for both the network parameters and input data, and accelerate the inference speed by an average of ~47x, on the citation networks. Meanwhile, we also design a new gradient approximation based back-propagation method to train our Bi-GCN well. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that our Bi-GCN can give a comparable performance compared to the full-precision baselines. Besides, our binarization approach can be easily applied to other GNNs, which has been verified in the experiments.

cs.LG↗

Interference Impact on Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks with RIS-Assisted Source and Relays

In this letter, we consider the scenario of decode-and-forward relay network with reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted source and relays in the presence of interference. We derive approximate closed-form expression for the system outage probability assuming Rayleigh fading channels and opportunistic relaying scheme. In addition, we study the system behavior at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, where the diversity order and coding gain are obtained and analyzed. The results show that the system can achieve a diversity order of Gd = min(N1,N2)K, where N1 and N2 are the numbers of reflecting elements at the source and relays, respectively, and K is the number of relays. In addition, findings illustrate that for the same diversity order, utilizing one relay with multiple reflecting elements gives better performance than utilizing multiple relays with a single reflecting element. Furthermore, findings illustrate that the interference at the destination is more severe on the system performance than the interference at the relays. Therefore, under the same interference powers and for a fixed number of relays K, results show that the case where the first hop is dominating the performance N1 < N2 gives better results in terms of coding gain than the case where N2 < N1.

cs.IT↗

Mixing RIS-Assisted Sources with FSO Link

This letter proposes and evaluates the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted source multiuser mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relay network with opportunistic user scheduling. Closed-form analytical approximations are derived for the outage probability and average symbol error probability (ASEP) assuming Rayleigh and Gamma-Gamma fading models for the RF and FSO channels, respectively. Moreover, to gain more insight into the system behavior, the system is studied at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime whereby the diversity order and coding gain are derived and analyzed. The results illustrate that the system performance is dominated by the worst hop and that the diversity order is equal to Gd = min(KN,alpha,beta,zeta^2), where K is the number of RF users, N is the number of reflecting elements at each user, alpha and beta are the atmospheric turbulence parameters of the FSO link, and zeta^2 is a measure for the alignment quality of the FSO link. In addition, findings show that for the same diversity order, N is more impactful on the system performance than K through the coding gain Gc.

cs.IT↗

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Enhanced NOMA Assisted Backscatter Communication System

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) enhanced non-orthogonal multiple access assisted backscatter communication (RIS-NOMABC) system is considered. A joint optimization problem over power reflection coefficients and phase shifts is formulated. To solve this non-convex problem, a low complexity algorithm is proposed by invoking the alternative optimization, successive convex approximation and manifold optimization algorithms. Numerical results corroborate that the proposed RIS-NOMABC system outperforms the conventional non-orthogonal multiple access assisted backscatter communication (NOMABC) system without RIS, and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

cs.IT↗

A Novel RIS-Assisted Modulation Scheme

In this work, in order to achieve higher spectrum efficiency, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multi-user communication uplink system. Different from previous work in which the RIS only optimizes the phase of the incident users's signal, we propose the use of the RIS to create a virtual constellation diagram to transmit the data of an additional user signal. We focus on the two-user case and develop a tight approximation for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio of both users. Then, based on the proposed statistical distribution, we derive the analytical expressions of the average bit error rate of the considered two users. The paper shows the trade off between the performance of the two users against each other as a function of the proposed phase shift at the RIS.

cs.IT↗

Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed PLC/RF Communication Systems

In this paper, we study a dual-hop mixed power line communication and radio-frequency communication (PLC/RF) system, where the connection between the PLC link and the RF link is made by a decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. Assume that the PLC channel is affected by both additive background noise and impulsive noise suffers from Log-normal fading, while the RF link undergoes Rician fading. Based on this model, analytical expressions of the outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (BER), and the average channel capacity (ACC) are derived. Furthermore, an asymptotic analysis for the OP and average BER, as well as an upper bound expression for the ACC are presented. At last, numerical results are developed to validate our analytical results, and in-depth discussions are conducted.

cs.IT↗

On the Performance of RIS-Assisted Dual-Hop Mixed RF-UWOC Systems

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted dual-hop mixed radio-frequency underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system. An RIS is an emerging and low-cost technology that aims to enhance the strength of the received signal, thus improving the system performance. In the considered system setup, a ground source does not have a reliable direct link to a given marine buoy and communicates with it through an RIS installed on a building. In particular, the buoy acts as a relay that sends the signal to an underwater destination. In this context, analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (ABER), and average channel capacity (ACC) are derived assuming fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols at the marine buoy. Moreover, asymptotic analyses of the OP and ABER are carried out in order to gain further insights from the analytical frameworks. In particular, the system diversity order is derived and it is shown to depend on the RF link parameters and on the detection schemes of the UWOC link. Finally, it is demonstrated that RIS-assisted systems can effectively improve the performance of mixed dual-hop RF-UWOC systems.

cs.IT↗

Performance Analysis of UAV-based Mixed RF-UWOC Transmission Systems

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a mixed radio-frequency-underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as a low-altitude mobile aerial base station, transmits information to an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) through a fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) relay. Our analysis accounts for the main factors that affect the system performance, such as the UAV height, air bubbles, temperature gradient, water salinity variations, and detection techniques. Employing fixed-gain AF relaying and DF relaying, we derive closed-form expressions for some key performance metrics, e.g., outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (ABER), and average channel capacity (ACC). In addition, in order to get further insights, asymptotic analyses for the OP and ABER are also carried out. Furthermore, assuming DF relaying, we derive analytical expressions for the optimal UAV altitude that minimizes the OP. Simulation results show that the UAV altitude influences the system performance and there is an optimal altitude which ensures a minimum OP. Moreover, based on the asymptotic results, it is demonstrated that the diversity order of fixed-gain AF relaying and DF relaying are respectively determined by the RF link and by the detection techniques of the UWOC link.

cs.IT↗

Free-Space Optical Communication With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Despite the promising gains, free-space optical (FSO) communication is severely influenced by atmospheric turbulence and pointing error issues, which make its practical design a bit challenging. In this paper, with the aim to increase the communication coverage and improve the system performance, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are considered in an FSO communication setup, in which both atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are considered. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate, and channel capacity are derived assuming large number of reflecting elements at the RIS. Specifically, according to central limit theorem (CLT), while assuming multiple reflecting elements approximate expressions are proposed. It is shown that the respective accuracies increase as the number of elements at the RIS increases. Illustrative numerical examples are shown along with insightful discussions. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the correctness of the analytical results.

cs.IT↗

Performance Analysis of an Interference-Limited RIS-Aided Network

In this work, the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication systems corrupted by the co-channel interference (CCI) at the destination is investigated. Assuming Rayleigh fading and equal-power CCI, we present the analysis for the outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (BER), and ergodic capacity. In addition, an asymptotic outage analysis is carried in order to obtain further insights. Our analysis shows that the number of reflecting elements as well as the number of interferers have a great impact on the overall system performance.

cs.PF↗