arXiv subjects

Lixin Xiao

Publications and source records attributed to Lixin Xiao.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Normal-Yang-Mills and Tangent-Yang-Mills submanifolds

This paper investigates the variational problems associated with the $L^2$-norms of the normal and tangent curvature tensors for submanifolds immersed in a unit sphere. We define the critical points of these functionals under normal variations as Normal-Yang-Mills and Tangent-Yang-Mills submanifolds, for which we explicitly establish the Euler-Lagrange equations in terms of the second fundamental form. Furthermore, by investigating the focal submanifolds of OT-FKM isoparametric hypersurfaces, we construct infinitely many non-trivial examples of both Normal-Yang-Mills and Tangent-Yang-Mills submanifolds. Notably, the curvature tensors of these examples generally do not satisfy the classical Yang-Mills equations.

math.DG↗

arXiv2026

Weakly stable irreducible Yang-Mills fields over $S^4$

Addressing Yau's conjecture (Problem 117) on $S^4$, we investigate the self-duality of weakly stable Yang-Mills fields under the assumption of irreducibility. For structure groups with a simple Lie algebra, we prove that any weakly stable irreducible connection must be either self-dual or anti-self-dual. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the Lie algebra admits a non-trivial abelian center, no irreducible Yang-Mills fields can exist over $S^4$.

math.DG↗

arXiv2026

Principal Distribution Isomorphisms and Almost Hermitian geometry on Isoparametric Hypersurfaces

This paper investigates the isomorphisms between principal distributions $\mathcal{D}_k$ $(k=1,\dots 4)$ on OT--FKM type isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres. We recover the isomorphism $\mathcal{D}_1 \cong \mathcal{D}_3$ established by Qian--Tang--Yan \cite{Q-T-Y 2}, and further construct the isomorphism $\mathcal{D}_{2}\cong\mathcal{D}_{4}$ in specific cases. More significantly, we provide an explicit construction of a global vector bundle isomorphism $\mathcal{D}_1 \oplus \mathcal{D}_2 \cong \mathcal{D}_3 \oplus \mathcal{D}_4$ for all odd multiplicities $m$. As applications, we employ these isomorphisms to induce nearly Kähler structures on certain OT--FKM hypersurfaces. Finally, we prove that the $*$-Ricci curvature vanishes for any OT--FKM hypersurface admitting an almost Hermitian structure that interchanges principal distributions in pairs.

math.DG↗

arXiv2019

Temperature dependent threshold for amplified emission from hybrid lead perovskite films

The optical amplification emission of hybrid lead perovskite attracted great research interests. We systematically examined and compared temperature dependent optical amplification behavior of a series of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite films of (MA/FA)Pb(Br/I)3. The optical amplification threshold of the films showed considerable exponential increase towards the temperature increasing. We figured out that the critical temperature for the four films presented a sequence of FA+I < MA+I < FA+Br < MA+Br. Our systematical study is crucial for in depth understanding the fundamental mechanism of amplified emission of hybrid perovskite materials.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2017

Revealing two heat-annealing related photoproduct systems and widely existed subgrain domains in organolead perovskite

For highly interested organolead perovskite based solar cells, the photoproducts are regarded as the co-existed exciton and free carriers. In this study, we carefully re-examined this conclusion with our recently developed density-resolved spectroscopic method. Heat-annealing related two photoproduct systems are observed. We found that the widely accepted model is only true for single crystal and freshly made films without heat-annealing. For those sufficiently heat-annealed films, another system presenting significant emissive exciton-carrier collision (ECC) is discovered. In addition, the appearing of ECC indicates the emerging of an internal morphology after heat annealing, which is assigned to a recently discussed twinning subgrain structure. We proved that such subgrain structures broadly exist in perovskite films. This finding could prove the morphological basis for high performance of perovskite working layers.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2016

Dynamical co-existence of excitons and free carriers in perovskite probed by density-resolved fluorescent spectroscopic method

Using transient fluorescent spectra at time-zero, we develop a density-resolved fluorescent spectroscopic method for investigating photoproducts in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and related photophysics. The density dependent dynamical co-existence of excitons and free carriers over a wide density range is experimentally observed for the first time. The exciton binding energy (EB) and the effective mass of electron-hole pair can be estimated based on such co-existence. No ionic polarization is found contributing to photophysical behavior. It also solves the conflict between the large experimentally measured EB and the small predicted values. The spectroscopic method also helps to detect the true free carrier density under continuous illumination without the interference of ionic conductivity. Our methods and results profoundly enrich the study and understanding of the photophysics in perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2015

Direct Observation of Long Electron-Hole Diffusion Distance in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Film

In high performance perovskite based solar cells, CH3NH3PbI3 is the key material. We carried out a study on charge diffusion in spin-coated CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin film by transient fluorescent spectroscopy. A thickness-dependent fluorescent lifetime was found. By coating the film with an electron or hole transfer layer, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) respectively, we observed the charge transfer directly through the fluorescence quenching. One-dimensional diffusion model was applied to obtain long charge diffusion distances in thick films, which is ~1.7 um for electrons and up to ~6.3 um for holes. Short diffusion distance of few hundreds of nanosecond was also observed in thin films. This thickness dependent charge diffusion explained the formerly reported short charge diffusion distance (~100 nm) in films and resolved its confliction to thick working layer (300-500 nm) in real devices. This study presents direct support to the high performance perovskite solar cells and will benefit the devices design.

physics.chem-ph↗

arXiv2011

Broadband enhancement of light harvesting in luminescent solar concentrator

Luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) can absorb large-area incident sunlight, then emit luminescence with high quantum efficiency, which finally be collected by a small photovoltaic (PV) system. The light-harvesting area of the PV system is much smaller than that of the LSC system, potentially improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of solar cells. Here, based on Fermi-golden rule, we present a theoretical description of the luminescent process in nanoscale LSCs where the conventional ray-optics model is no longer applicable. As an example calculated with this new model, we demonstrate that a slot waveguide consisting of a nanometer-sized low-index slot region sandwiched by two high-index regions provides a broadband enhancement of light harvesting by the luminescent centers in the slot region. This is because the slot waveguide can (1) greatly enhance the spontaneous emission due to the Purcell effect, (2) dramatically increase the effective absorption cross-section of luminescent centers, and (3) strongly improve the quantum efficiency of luminescent centers. It is found that about 80% solar photons can be ultimately converted to waveguide-coupled luminescent photons even for a low luminescent quantum efficiency of 0.5. This LSC is potential to construct a tandem structure which can absorb nearly full-spectrum solar photons, and also may be of special interest for building integrated nano-PV applications.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2010

On chip, high-sensitivity thermal sensor based on high-Q polydimethylsiloxane-coated microresonator

A high-sensitivity thermal sensing is demonstrated by coating a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the surface of a silica toroidal microresonator on a silicon wafer. Possessing high-Q whispering gallery modes (WGMs), the PDMS-coated microresonator is highly sensitive to the temperature change of the surroundings. We find that, when the PDMS layer becomes thicker, the WGM experiences a transition from red- to blue-shift with temperature increasing due to the negative thermal-optic coefficient of PDMS. The measured sensitivity (0.151 nm/K) is one order of magnitude higher than pure silica microcavity sensors. The ultra-high resolution of the thermal sensor is also analyzed to reach 10-4 K.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2010

Quantum electrodynamics in a whispering-gallery microcavity coated with a polymer nanolayer

Quasi-transverse-electric and -transverse-magnetic fundamental whispering gallery modes in a polymer-coated silica microtoroid are theoretically investigated and demonstrated to possess very high-quality factors. The existence of a nanometer-thickness layer not only evidently reduces the cavity mode volume but also draws the maximal electric field's position of the mode to the outside of the silica toroid, where single quantum dots or nanocrystals are located. Both effects result in a strongly enhanced coherent interaction between a single dipole (for example, a single defect center in a diamond crystal) and the quantized cavity mode. Since the coated microtoroid is highly feasible and robust in experiments, it may offer an excellent platform to study strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics, quantum information, and quantum computation.

quant-ph↗