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M. Bender

Publications and source records attributed to M. Bender.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

$τ$ lepton mass measurement at Belle II

The reconstruction of tau-pair production, $e^{+}e^{-} \to τ^{+}τ^{-}$, from the subsequent 3-prong ($τ^{+} \rightarrow π^{+} π^{-} π^{+} \barν_τ$) and 1-prong ($τ^{-} \to \ell^{-} \barν_{\ell} ν_τ$, $τ^{-} \to h^{-} ν_τ$ or $τ^{-} \to π^{-} π^0 ν_τ$) decays, is presented using 8.8 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^{+}e^{-}$ collision data of Belle II at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = m_{Υ(4S)}$. The pseudomass technique developed by the ARGUS experiment is used to measure the $τ$-lepton mass $m_τ$ in the 3-prong $τ^{+} \to π^{+} π^{-} π^{+} \barν_τ $ decay, resulting in $m_τ = 1777.28 \pm 0.75~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.33 ~{\rm (sys.)}~{\rm{MeV}/\rm{c}^2}$.

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Measurements of branching fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries in charmless $B$ decays reconstructed in 2019--2020 Belle~II data

We report on first measurements of branching fractions~($\mathcal{B}$) and CP-violating charge asymmetries~($\mathcal{A}$) in charmless $B$ decays at Belle~II. We use a sample of electron-positron collisions collected in 2019 and 2020 at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance and corresponding to $34.6$\,fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We use simulation to determine optimized event selections. The $ΔE$ distributions of the resulting samples, restricted in $M_{\rm bc}$, are fit to determine signal yields. Signal yields are corrected for efficiencies determined from simulation and control data samples to obtain branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries for flavour-specific channels. These are the first measurements in charmless decays reported by Belle~II. Results are compatible with known determinations and show detector performance comparable with the best Belle results offering a reliable basis to assess projections for future reach.

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Measurement of the semileptonic $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} ν_{\ell}$ branching fraction with fully reconstructed $B$ meson decays and 34.6 fb$^{-1}$of Belle II data

We present a first measurement of the $\bar{B^{0}} \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^{-} ν_{\ell}$ branching fraction using fully reconstructed $B$ meson decays employing the Full Event Interpretation algorithm. Collision events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \lumi are analyzed, which were recorded by the Belle~II detector operated at the SuperKEKB accelerator complex. We measure$\cal{B}(\bar{B^{0}} \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^{-} ν_{\ell}) =4.51 \pm 0.41_{stat}\pm0.27_{syst} \pm0.45_{π_s}$, with the first and second error denoting the statistical and systematic uncertainty, respectively, and the third dominant uncertainty is from the slow pion reconstruction efficiency.

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Measurement of Hadronic Mass Moments $\langle M_X^n \rangle $ in $B \rightarrow X_c \ell ν$ Decays at Belle II

We present measurements of the first six hadronic mass moments in semileptonic $B \rightarrow X_c \ell ν$ decays. The hadronic mass moments, together with other observables of inclusive $B$ decays, can be used to determine the CKM matrix element $|{V_{cb}}|$ and mass of the $b$-quark $m_b$ in the context of Heavy Quark Expansions of QCD. The Belle~II data recorded at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance in 2019 and 2020 (March-July), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $34.6\;\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, is used for this measurement. The decay $Υ(4S) \rightarrow B \overline{B}$ is reconstructed by applying the hadronic tagging algorithm provided by the Full Event Interpretation to fully reconstruct one $B$ meson. The second $B$ meson is reconstructed inclusively by selecting a high-momentum lepton. The $X_c$ system is identified by the remaining reconstructed tracks and clusters in the electromagnetic calorimeter. We report preliminary results for the hadronic mass moments $\langle M_X^n \rangle $ with $n=1,\dots,6$, measured as a function of a lower cut on the lepton momentum in the signal $B$ rest frame.

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Exclusive $B^0 \to π^- \ell^+ ν_\ell$ Decays with Hadronic Full Event Interpretation Tagging in 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II Data

We present the results of the re-discovery of the decay $B^0 \to π^- \ell^+ ν_\ell$ in 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data using hadronic $B$-tagging via the Full Event Interpretation algorithm. We observe 21 signal events on a background of 155 in a fit to the distribution of the square of the missing mass, $M_{\mathrm{miss}}^2$, with a significance of 5.69$σ$, and determine a total branching fraction of (1.58 $\pm$ 0.43$_{\mathrm{stat}}$ $\pm$ 0.07$_{\mathrm{sys}}$) $\times 10^{-4}$.

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Studies of the semileptonic $\bar B^0\to D^{*+}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ and $B^-\to D^{0}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ decay processes with 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data

We report measurements of the $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ and $B^- \to D^{0} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ processes using 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of collision events recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. For the $B^-\to D^{0}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ channel, we present first studies that isolate this decay from other semileptonic processes and backgrounds. We report a measurement of the $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ branching fraction and obtain ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l) = \left(4.60 \pm 0.05_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.17_{\mathrm{syst}} \pm 0.45_{π_s}\right) \%$, in agreement with the world average. Here, the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and related to slow pion reconstruction, respectively. The systematic uncertainties are limited by the statistics of auxiliary measurements and will improve in the future. We also report differential branching fractions in five bins of the hadronic recoil parameter $w$ for $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$, unfolded to account for resolution and efficiency effects.

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A calibration of the Belle II hadronic tag-side reconstruction algorithm with $B \rightarrow X\ell ν$ decays

Tag-side reconstruction is an important method for reconstructing $B$ meson decays with missing energy. The Belle II tag-side reconstruction algorithm, Full Event Interpretation, relies on a hierarchical reconstruction of $B$ meson decays with multivariate classification employed at each stage of reconstruction. Given the large numbers of classifiers employed and decay chains reconstructed, the performance of the algorithm on data and simulation differs significantly. Here, calibration factors are derived for hadronic tag-side $B$ decays by measuring a signal side decay, $B \rightarrow X\ell ν$, in $34.6$ fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data. For a very loose selection on the tag-side $B$ multivariate classifier, the calibration factors are $0.65 \pm 0.02$ and $0.83 \pm 0.03$ for tag-side $B^{+}$ and $B^{0}$ mesons, respectively.

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Rediscovery of $B \to ϕK^{(*)}$ decays and measurement of the longitudinal polarization fraction $f_L$ in $B \to ϕK^{*}$ decays using the Summer 2020 Belle II dataset

We utilize a sample of 34.6 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy $e^+e^-$ collider, to search for the $B^+ \to ϕK^+$, $B^+ \to ϕK^{*+}$, $B^0 \to ϕK^0_S$, and $B^0 \to ϕK^{*0}$ decays. Charmless hadronic $B$ decays represent an important part of the Belle II physics program, and are an ideal benchmark to test the detector capabilities in terms of tracking efficiency, charged particle identification, vertexing, and advanced analysis techniques. Each channel is observed with a significance that exceeds 5 standard deviations, and we obtain measurements of their branching ratios that are in good agreement with the world averages. For the $B \to ϕK^*$ modes, we also perform a measurement of the longitudinal polarization fraction $f_L$.

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First flavor tagging calibration using 2019 Belle II data

We report on the first calibration of the standard Belle II $B$-flavor tagger using the full data set collected at the $Υ(4{\rm S})$ resonance in 2019 with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider, corresponding to 8.7 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The calibration is performed by reconstructing various hadronic charmed $B$-meson decays with flavor-specific final states. We use simulation to optimize our event selection criteria and to train the flavor tagging algorithm. We determine the tagging efficiency and the fraction of wrongly identified tag-side $B$~candidates from a measurement of the time-integrated $B^0-\overline{B}^0$ mixing probability. The total effective efficiency is measured to be $\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(33.8 \pm 3.6(\text{stat}) \pm 1.6(\text{sys})\big)\%$, which is in good agreement with the predictions from simulation and comparable with the best one obtained by the Belle experiment. The results show a good understanding of the detector performance and offer a basis for future calibrations.

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In-beam gamma-ray and electron spectroscopy of $^{249,251}$Md

The odd-$Z$ $^{251}$Md nucleus was studied using combined $γ$-ray and conversion-electron in-beam spectroscopy. Besides the previously observed rotational band based on the $[521]1/2^-$ configuration, another rotational structure has been identified using $γ$-$γ$ coincidences. The use of electron spectroscopy allowed the rotational bands to be observed over a larger rotational frequency range. Using the transition intensities that depend on the gyromagnetic factor, a $[514]7/2^-$ single-particle configuration has been inferred for this band, i.e., the ground-state band. A physical background that dominates the electron spectrum with an intensity of $\simeq$ 60% was well reproduced by simulating a set of unresolved excited bands. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the intensity profile as a function of the angular momentum provided a method for deriving the orbital gyromagnetic factor, namely $g_K = 0.69^{+0.19}_{-0.16}$ for the ground-state band. The odd-$Z$ $^{249}$Md was studied using $γ$-ray in-beam spectroscopy. Evidence for octupole correlations resulting from the mixing of the $Δl = Δj = 3$ $[521]3/2^-$ and $[633]7/2^+$ Nilsson orbitals were found in both $^{249,251}$Md. A surprising similarity of the $^{251}$Md ground-state band transition energies with those of the excited band of $^{255}$Lr has been discussed in terms of identical bands. Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations were performed to investigate the origin of the similarities between these bands.

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Measurement of the branching fraction ${\cal B}(\bar B^0\to D^{*+}\ell^-\barν_\ell)$ with early Belle II data

We measure the branching fractions for the decays $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} e^{-} \barν_e$ and $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} μ^{-} \barν_μ$ using $8.70 \pm 0.09~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ of data collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. Candidate signal decays are reconstructed with the subsequent decays $D^{*+}\to D^0 π^+$ and $D^0\to K^-π^+$. We obtain the results ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} e^{-} \barν_e)$ = $(4.55\pm0.14(\mathrm{stat})\pm0.35 (\mathrm{syst})) \%$ and ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} μ^{-} \barν_μ)$ = $(4.84\pm 0.13(\mathrm{stat})\pm0.37(\mathrm{syst})) \%$, in agreement with the world averages. The measurements serve to validate the full chain of detector operation and calibration, data collection and processing, and production of physics results in the case of semileptonic $B$-meson decays.

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Charmless $B$ decay reconstruction in 2019 Belle II data

We report on the reconstruction of various charmless $B$ decays from electron-positron collisions at the energy corresponding to the $Υ(4S)$ resonance collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We use simulation to devise optimized event selections and apply them to the full data set collected in 2019, corresponding to 8.7\,fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We fit the difference between half of the collision energy and the $B$ candidate energy (in the $Υ(4S)$ frame) for events restricted to a signal-rich range in beam-energy-constrained mass to search for charmless signals. Signal yields of approximately 80, 15, 20, 30, 90, and 160 decays are reconstructed for the channels $B^0 \to K^+π^-$, $B^0 \to π^+π^-$, $B^+ \to K^0_S(\to π^+π^-)π^+$, $B^+ \to K^+π^0(\to γγ)$, $B^+ \to K^+K^-K^+$, and $B^+ \to K^+π^-π^+$, respectively. Yields and background contaminations are compatible with those expected from simulation and comparable with those obtained by the Belle experiment. The results show a good understanding of the detector performance and offer a reliable basis to assess projections for future reach.

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Measurement of the $B^0$ lifetime using fully reconstructed hadronic decays in the 2019 Belle II dataset

This document presents the measurement of $B^0$ meson lifetimes using the 2019 Belle II dataset that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.7 \pm 0.2$ fb$^{-1}$. Each candidate is fully reconstructed with hadronic decay final states on the signal side, while the rest-of-event technique allows to infer the decay vertex position on the other (tag) side. $B^0$ lifetime is extracted from an unbinned maximum likelihood fit to the distribution of the difference between the signal side $B^0$ candidate and the tag side decay times. The measured lifetime is $τ_{B^0} = 1.48 \pm 0.28 \pm 0.06 $ ps, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

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First glimpse of the $N=82$ shell closure below $Z=50$ from masses of neutron-rich cadmium isotopes and isomers

We probe the $N=82$ nuclear shell closure by mass measurements of neutron-rich cadmium isotopes with the ISOLTRAP spectrometer at ISOLDE-CERN. The new mass of $^{132}$Cd offers the first value of the $N=82$, two-neutron shell gap below $Z=50$ and confirms the phenomenon of mutually enhanced magicity at $^{132}$Sn. Using the recently implemented phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance method, the ordering of the low-lying isomers in $^{129}$Cd and their energies are determined. The new experimental findings are used to test large-scale shell-model, mean-field and beyond-mean-field calculations, as well as the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group.

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Iterative approaches to the self-consistent nuclear energy density functional problem. Heavy ball dynamics and potential preconditioning

Large-scale applications of energy density functional (EDF) methods depend on fast and reliable algorithms to solve the associated non-linear self-consistency problem. When dealing with large single-particle variational spaces, existing solvers can become very slow, and their performance dependent on manual fine-tuning of numerical parameters. In addition, convergence can sensitively depend on particularities of the EDF's parametrisation under consideration. Using the widely-used Skyrme EDF as an example, we investigate the impact of the parametrisation of the EDF, both in terms of the operator structures present and the size of coupling constants, on the convergence of numerical solvers. We focus on two aspects of the self-consistency cycle, which are the diagonalisation of a fixed single-particle Hamiltonian on one hand and the evolution of the mean-field densities and potentials on the other. Throughout the article we use a coordinate-space representation, for which the behaviour of algorithms can be straightforwardly analysed. We propose two algorithmic improvements that are easily implementable in existing solvers, heavy-ball dynamics and potential preconditioning. We demonstrate that these methods can be made virtually parameter-free, requiring no manual fine-tuning to achieve near-optimal performance except for isolated cases. The combination of both methods decreases substantially the CPU time required to obtain converged results. The improvements are illustrated for the MOCCa code that solves the self-consistent HFB problem in a 3d coordinate space representation for parametrisations of the standard Skyrme EDF at next-to-leading order in gradients and its extension to next-to-next-to-leading order.

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The impact of the surface energy coefficient on the deformation properties of atomic nuclei as predicted by Skyrme energy density functionals

In the framework of nuclear energy density functional (EDF) methods, many nuclear phenomena are related to the deformation of intrinsic states. Their accurate modeling relies on the correct description of the change of nuclear binding energy with deformation. The two most important contributions to the deformation energy have their origin in shell effects that are correlated to the spectrum of single-particle states, and the deformability of nuclear matter, that can be characterized by a model-dependent surface energy coefficient a_{surf}. With the goal of improving the global performance of nuclear EDFs through fine-tuning of their deformation properties, the purpose of this study is threefold. First, to analyze the impact of systematic variations of a_{surf} on properties of nuclei; second, to identify observables that can be safely used to narrow down the range of appropriate values of a_{surf} to be targeted in future parameter fits; third, to analyze the interdependence of a_{surf} with other properties of a nuclear EDF. Results for a large variety of relevant observables of deformed nuclei obtained from self-consistent mean-field calculations with a set of purpose-built SLy5sX parameterizations of the Skyrme EDF are correlated with the value of a_{surf}. The three main conclusions are that there is an evident preference for a comparatively low value of a_{surf}, as expected from the performance of existing parameterizations; that the isospin dependence of the surface energy also needs further finetuning in order to describe trends across the chart of nuclei; and that a satisfying simultaneous description of fission barriers and superdeformed states requires a better description of the single-particle spectra. [Note: The abstract has been abbreviated because of length restrictions imposed by the arXiv. See the paper for the full abstract.]

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Shape staggering of mid-shell mercury isotopes from in-source laser spectroscopy compared with Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Shell Model calculations

Neutron-deficient $^{177-185}$Hg isotopes were studied using in-source laser resonance-ionization spectroscopy at the CERN-ISOLDE radioactive ion-beam facility, in an experiment combining different detection methods tailored to the studied isotopes. These include either alpha-decay tagging or Multi-reflection Time-of-Flight gating to identify the isotopes of interest. The endpoint of the odd-even nuclear shape staggering in mercury was observed directly by measuring for the first time the isotope shifts and hyperfine structures of $^{177-180}$Hg. Changes in the mean-square charge radii for all mentioned isotopes, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of the odd-A isotopes and arguments in favor of $I = 7/2$ spin assignment for $^{177,179}$Hg were deduced. Experimental results are compared with Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte-Carlo Shell Model (MCSM) calculations. DFT calculations with several Skyrme parameterizations predict a large jump in the charge radius around the neutron $N = 104$ mid shell, with an odd-even staggering pattern related to the coexistence of nearly-degenerate oblate and prolate minima. This near-degeneracy is highly sensitive to many aspects of the effective interaction, a fact that renders perfect agreement with experiment out of reach for current functionals. Despite this inherent diffculty, the SLy5s1 and a modified UNEDF1^{SO} parameterization predict a qualitatively correct staggering that is off by two neutron numbers. MCSM calculations of states with the experimental spins and parities show good agreement for both electromagnetic moments and the observed charge radii. A clear mechanism for the origin of shape staggering within this context is identified: a substantial change in occupancy of the proton $πh_{9/2}$ and neutron $νi_{13/2}$ orbitals.

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Shell-model calculation of isospin-symmetry breaking correction to superallowed Fermi beta-decay

We investigate the radial-overlap part of the isospin-symmetry breaking correction to superallowed $0^+\to 0^+$-decay using the shell-model approach similar to that of Refs. [1, 2]. The 8 sd-shell emitters with masses between $A=22$ and $A=38$ have been re-examined. The Fermi matrix element is evaluated with realistic spherical single-particle wave functions, obtained from spherical Woods-Saxon (WS) or Hartree-Fock (HF) potentials, fine-tuned to reproduce the experimental data on charge radii and separation energies for nuclei of interest. The elaborated adjustment procedure removes any sensitivity of the correction to a specific parametrisation of the WS potential or to various versions of the Skyrme interaction. The present results are generally in good agreement with those reported in Refs. [3, 4]. At the same time, we find that the calculations with HF wave functions result in systematically lower values of the correction.

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