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M. Cardona

Publications and source records attributed to M. Cardona.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2002

Anharmonic Self-Energy of Phonons: Ab Initio Calculations and Neutron Spin Echo Measurements

We have calculated (ab initio) and measured (by spin-echo techniques) the anharmonic self-energy of phonons at the X-point of the Brillouin zone for isotopically pure germanium. The real part agrees with former, less accurate, high temperature data obtained by inelastic neutron scattering on natural germanium. For the imaginary part our results provide evidence that transverse acoustic phonons at the X-point are very long lived at low temperatures, i.e. their probability of decay approaches zero, as a consequence of an unusual decay mechanism allowed by energy conservation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2001

Dependence of the Excitation Energies of Boron in Diamond on Isotopic Mass

Kim et al. have reported a dependence of the infrared excitation energies of boron acceptors in diamond on the isotopic mass of the carbon atoms. We show that this change can be quantitatively interpreted as induced by a change in the hole effective mass. Keywords: A. Diamond, A. Stable isotopes, D. Acceptor binding energies, D. Effective masses of holes

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2001

Electron-phonon renormalization of the absorption edge of the cuprous halides

Compared to most tetrahedral semiconductors, the temperature dependence of the absorption edges of the cuprous halides (CuCl, CuBr, CuI) is very small. CuCl and CuBr show a small increase of the gap $E_0$ with increasing temperature, with a change in the slope of $E_0$ vs. $T$ at around 150 K: above this temperature, the variation of $E_0$ with $T$ becomes even smaller. This unusual behavior has been clarified for CuCl by measurements of the low temperature gap vs. the isotopic masses of both constituents, yielding an anomalous negative shift with increasing copper mass. Here we report the isotope effects of Cu and Br on the gap of CuBr, and that of Cu on the gap of CuI. The measured isotope effects allow us to understand the corresponding temperature dependences, which we also report, to our knowledge for the first time, in the case of CuI. These results enable us to develop a more quantitative understanding of the phenomena mentioned for the three halides, and to interpret other anomalies reported for the temperature dependence of the absorption gap in copper and silver chalcogenides; similarities to the behavior observed for the copper chalcopyrites are also pointed out.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2001

In-plane polarized collective modes in detwinned YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6.95}$ observed by spectral ellipsometry

The in-plane dielectric response of detwinned YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6.95}$ has been studied by far-infared ellipsometry. A surprisingly lare number of in-plane polarized modes are observed. Some of them correspond to pure phonon modes. Others posses a large electronic contribution which strongly increases in the superconducting state. The free carrier response and the collective modes exhibit a pronounced a-b anisotropy. We discuss our results in terms of a CDW state in the 1-d CuO chains and induced charge density fluctuations within the 2-d CuO$_{2}$ planes.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2001

Disorder-induced phonon self-energy of semiconductors with binary isotopic composition

Self-energy effects of Raman phonons in isotopically disordered semiconductors are deduced by perturbation theory and compared to experimental data. In contrast to the acoustic frequency region, higher-order terms contribute significantly to the self-energy at optical phonon frequencies. The asymmetric dependence of the self-energy of a binary isotope system $m_{1-x} M_x$ on the concentration of the heavier isotope mass x can be explained by taking into account second- and third-order perturbation terms. For elemental semiconductors, the maximum of the self-energy occurs at concentrations with $0.5<x<0.7$, depending on the strength of the third-order term. Reasonable approximations are imposed that allow us to derive explicit expressions for the ratio of successive perturbation terms of the real and the imaginary part of the self-energy. This basic theoretical approach is compatible with Raman spectroscopic results on diamond and silicon, with calculations based on the coherent potential approximation, and with theoretical results obtained using {\it ab initio} electronic theory. The extension of the formalism to binary compounds, by taking into account the eigenvectors at the individual sublattices, is straightforward. In this manner, we interpret recent experimental results on the disorder-induced broadening of the TO (folded) modes of SiC with a $^{13}{\rm C}$-enriched carbon sublattice. \cite{Rohmfeld00,Rohmfeld01}

cond-mat↗
arXiv2000

Far-infrared c-axis conductivity of flux-grown Y$_{1-x}$Pr$_{x}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7}$ single crystals studied by spectral ellipsometry

The far-infrared c-axis conductivity of flux-grown Y$_{1-x}$Pr$_{x}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7}$ single crystals with 0.2$\leq $x$\leq $0.5 has been studied by sepectral ellipsometry. We find that the c-axis response exhibits spectral features similar to deoxygenated underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$, i.e., a pseudogap develops in the normal state, the phonon mode at 320 cm$^{-1}$ exhibits an anomalous T-dependence and an additional absorption peak forms at T. This suggests that the T$_{c}$ suppression in flux grown Pr-substituted crystals is caused by a decrease of the hole content and/or by carrier localization rather than by pair breaking.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv1999

The anomaly of the oxygen bond-bending mode at 320 cm$^{-1}$ and the additional absorption peak in the c-axis infrared conductivity of underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ single crystals revisited by ellipsometricmeasurements

We have performed ellipsometric measurements of the far-infrared c-axis dielectric response of underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ single crystals. Here we report a detailed analysis of the temperature-dependent renormalization of the oxygen bending phonon mode at 320 cm$^{-1}$ and the formation of the additional absorption peak around 400-500 cm$^{-1}$. For a strongly underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6.5}$ crystal with T$_{c}$=52 K we find that, in agreement with previous reports based on conventional reflection measurements, the gradual onset of both features occurs well above T$_{c}$ at T*$\sim $150 K. Contrary to some of these reports, however, our data establish that the phonon anomaly and the formation of the additional peak exhibit very pronounced and steep changes right at T$_{c}$. For a less underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6.75}$ crystal with T$_{c}$=80 K, the onset temperature of the phonon anomaly almost coincides with T$_{c}$. Also in contrast to some previous reports, we find for both crystals that a sizeable fraction of the spectral weight of the additional absorption peak cannot be accounted for by the spectral-weight loss of the phonon modes but instead arises from a redistribution of the electronic continuum. Our ellipsometric data are consistent with a model where the bilayer cuprate compounds are treated as a superlattice of intra- and inter-bilayer Josephson-junctions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv1999

Resonant Raman scattering in NaV2O5 as a probe of its electronic structure

In order to investigate the origin of the phase transition observed in NaV$_2$O$_5$, as well as its electronic structure, we have measured Raman intensities as a function of the laser wavelength above and below the phase transition temperature. In the polarized Raman spectra at room temperature we observe resonant enhancement of the 969 $cm^{-1}$ phonon mode when the laser energy approaches 2.7 eV, presumably related to the (p-d) electron hopping band, $O_3$($p_y$)-V($d_{xy}$), at 3.2 eV. The 969 $cm^{-1}$ mode originates from the stretching vibrations along the c-axis involving the V-$O_1$ bonds. Since an ellipsometric determination of the dielectric function $ε_{cc}$ yields no structure in the 1.7 to 5.5 eV photon energy range, we conclude that plane bonds couple strongly with the apical oxygens leading to a large Raman efficiency. In the low-temperature Raman spectra, almost all modes that become active below the phase transition temperature T$_c$=34 K show resonant behavior. The most interesting ones, those at 66 and 106 $cm^{-1}$, possibly of magnetic origin, exhibit a resonant intensity enhancement, approximately by an order of magnitude, for laser photon energies around 1.85 eV with respect to 2.43 eV. This resonance effect may be associated with a weak absorption band around 2 eV. Finally, a destructive interference between the resonant and the nonresonant contribution to the Raman scattering amplitude (i.e. an antiresonance) is found in the spectra for most of the (bb) low-temperature modes.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv1999

Anomalies of the infrared-active phonons in underdoped YBCO as an evidence for the intra-bilayer Josephson effect

The spectra of the far-infrared c-axis conductivity of underdoped YBCO crystals exhibit dramatic changes of some of the phonon peaks when going from the normal to the superconducting state. We show that the most striking of these anomalies can be naturally explained by changes of the local fields acting on the ions arising from the onset of inter- and intra-bilayer Josephson effects.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv1996

Magnetic-field-enhanced outgoing excitonic resonance in multi-phonon Raman scattering from polar semiconductors

A combined scattering mechanism involving the states of free electron-hole pairs (exciton continuum) and discrete excitons as intermediate states in the multi-phonon Raman scattering leads to (1) a strong increase of the scattering efficiency in the presence of a high magnetic field and to (2) an outgoing excitonic resonance: the two features are not compatible when only free pairs (leading to a strong increase of the scattering efficiency under the applied magnetic field) or discrete excitons (resulting in the outgoing resonance at the excitonic gap) are taken into account.

cond-mat↗
arXiv1996

Comparison of Bond Character in Hydrocarbons and Fullerenes

We present a comparison of the bond polarizabilities for carbon-carbon bonds in hydrocarbons and fullerenes, using two different models for the fullerene Raman spectrum and the results of Raman measurements on ethane and ethylene. We find that the polarizabilities for single bonds in fullerenes and hydrocarbons compare well, while the double bonds in fullerenes have greater polarizability than in ethylene.

cond-mat↗