Effects of anisotropic confinement on droplet rebound from superhydrophobic surfaces
On flat superhydrophobic surfaces, droplet rebound is well described by a single inertio-capillary time scale, yielding a contact-time that is independent of impact energy. This single-mode response reflects the radial symmetry of flat-plate impacts. We demonstrate that an anisotropic geometric constraint, imposing a fixed spreading length along one axis, breaks this degeneracy and splits the rebound into a reciprocal pair of inertio-capillary modes. The fixed length also couples the contact-time to the Weber-dependent maximum spread, introducing an impact-energy dependence absent on the flat plate. We realize this constraint with grooved substrates, simulated using a non-ideal, entropic, multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method and validated against the experiments of Chantelot et al. Extending their blob model from a single transverse scale to the reciprocal pair, we organize both modes through a geometric blob number and relate their time scales to the Weber number and groove width. We show that on non-wetting grooves the reciprocal modes are recovered directly, and explore the effects of finite wall affinity, using competition between the two modes to explain an observed two-branch structure in the contact-time response on mildly wetting, superhydrophobic grooves. Predictions tied to global energy balance reproduce cleanly across all conditions, while those tied to the details of the droplet's spread morphology are approximate but directionally correct. These results show that anisotropic confinement turns contact-time reduction from a question of accelerating a single rebound mode into one of selecting between conjugate inertio-capillary modes.