arXiv subjects

Mannque Rho

Publications and source records attributed to Mannque Rho.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2015

On the pentaquark candidates $P_c^+(4380)$ and $P_c^+(4450)$ within the soliton picture of baryons

Using the bound state version of the topological soliton model for the baryons we show that the existence of a bound (or quasi-bound) $\bar D$-soliton state leads to the possibility of having hidden charm pentaquarks with quantum numbers and masses, which are compatible with those of the candidates recently reported by the LHCb experiment. The implications of heavy quark symmetry are elaborated.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Stiffer EoS for Compact Star with New Scaling Law

We present in this paper a simple and unequivocal prediction on the deformation of the compact star, that will be measured in gravity waves, with an EoS obtained in renormailzation-group implemented effective field theory anchored on scale and hidden-local symmetric Lagrangian endowed with topology change . The objective is not to offer a superior or improved EoS for compact stars but to confront with a forthcoming astrophysical observable the given model formulated in what is considered to be consistent with the premise of QCD. The model so obtained is found to satisfactorily describe the observation of a 2-solar mass neutron star with a minimum number of parameters. Specifically the observable we are considering in this paper is the tidal deformability parameter $λ$ (equivalently the Love number, $k_2$) in gravity waves. The merit of our prediction is that the prediction can be readily confirmed or falsified by forth-coming aLIGO and aVirgo gravity-wave observations and provide a valuable guidance for arriving at a better understanding of highly compressed baryonic matter.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

The Proton Mass and Scale-Invariant Hidden Local Symmetry for Compressed Baryonic Matter

I discuss how to access dense baryonic matter of compact stars by combining hidden local symmetry (HLS) of light-quark vector mesons with spontaneously broken scale invariance of a (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone boson, dilaton, in a description that parallels the approach to dilatonic Higgs. Some of the surprising observations are that the bulk of proton mass is not Nambu-Goldstonian, parity doubling emerges at high density and the EoS of baryonic matter can be soft enough for heavy-ion processes at low density and stiff enough at high density for $\sim 2$ solar mass neutron stars.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Inhomogeneous quark condensate in compressed skyrmion matter

The inhomogeneous quark condensate, responsible for dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in cold nuclear matter, is studied by putting skyrmions onto the face-centered cubic crystal and treating the skyrmion matter as nuclear matter. By varying the crystal size, we explore the effect of density on the local structure of the quark-antiquark condensate. By endowing the light vector mesons $ρ$ and $ω$ with hidden local symmetry and incorporating a scalar meson as a dilaton of spontaneously broken scale symmetry, we uncover the intricate interplay of heavy mesons in the local structure of the quark condensate in dense baryonic matter described in terms of skyrmion crystal. It is found that the inhomogeneous quark density persists to as high a density as $\sim 4$ times nuclear matter density. The difference between the result from the present approach and that from the chiral density wave ansatz is also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Kaon Condensation in Baryonic Fermi Liquid at High Density

We formulate kaon condensation in dense baryonic matter with anti-kaons fluctuating from the Fermi-liquid fixed point. This entails that in the Wilsonian RG approach, the decimation is effectuated in the baryonic sector to the Fermi surface while in the meson sector to the origin. In writing the kaon-baryon (KN) coupling, we will take a generalized hidden local symmetry Lagrangian for the meson sector endowed with a "mended symmetry" that has the unbroken symmetry limit at high density in which the Goldstone $π$, scalar $s$, and vectors $ρ$ (and $ω$) and $a_1$ become massless. The vector mesons $ρ$ (and $ω$) and $a_1$ can be identified as emergent (hidden) local gauge fields and the scalar $s$ as the dilaton field of the spontaneously broken scale invariance at chiral restoration. In matter-free space, when the vector mesons and the scalar meson -- whose masses are much greater than that of the pion -- are integrated out, then the resulting KN coupling Lagrangian consists of the leading chiral order ($O(p^1)$) Weinberg-Tomozawa term and the next chiral order ($O(p^2)$) $Σ_{KN}$ term. In addressing kaon condensation in dense nuclear matter in chiral perturbation theory (ChPT), one makes an expansion in the "small" Fermi momentum $k_F$. We argue that in the Wilsonian RG formalism with the Fermi-liquid fixed point, the expansion is on the contrary in $1/k_F$ with the "large" Fermi momentum $k_F$. The kaon-quasinucleon interaction resulting from integrating out the massive mesons consists of a "relevant" term from the scalar exchange (analog to the $Σ_{KN}$ term) and an "irrelevant" term from the vector-meson exchange (analog to the Weinberg-Tomozawa term). It is found that the critical density predicted by the latter approach, controlled by the relevant term, is three times less than that predicted by chiral perturbation theory.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2014

Dense baryonic matter in conformally-compensated hidden local symmetry: Vector manifestation and chiral symmetry restoration

We find that, when the dilaton is implemented as a (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone boson using a conformal compensator or "conformon" in a hidden gauge symmetric Lagrangian written to $O(p^4)$ from which baryons arise as solitons, namely, skyrmions, the vector manifestation and chiral symmetry restoration at high density predicted in hidden local symmetry theory --- which is consistent with Brown-Rho scaling --- are lost or sent to infinite density. It is shown that they can be restored if in medium the behavior of the $ω$ field is taken to deviate from that of the $ρ$ meson in such a way that the flavor $U(2)$ symmetry is strongly broken at increasing density. The hitherto unexposed crucial role of the $ω$ meson in the structure of elementary baryon and multibaryon systems is uncovered in this work. In the state of half-skyrmions to which the skyrmions transform at a density $n_{1/2}^{} \gtrsim n_0^{}$ (where $n_0^{}$ is the normal nuclear matter density), characterized by the vanishing (space averaged) quark condensate but nonzero pion decay constant, the nucleon mass remains more or less constant at a value $\gtrsim$ 60 \% of the vacuum value indicating a large component of the nucleon mass that is not associated with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. We discuss its connection to the chiral-invariant mass $m_0^{}$ that figures in the parity-doublet baryon model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Nuclear Symmetry Energy with Strangeness in Heavy Ion Collision

The role of anti-kaons in the symmetry energy to be determined in heavy-ion collisions as for instance in such observables as the $π^-/π^+$ ratio is discussed using a simple chiral Lagrangian. It is shown, with some mild assumptions, that kaons, when present in the system, can affect the EoS appreciably for both symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter. For nuclear matter with small asymmetry with which heavy-ion collisions are studied, it may be difficult to distinguish a stiff symmetry energy and the supersoft symmetry energy, even with kaons present. However the effect of kaon is found to be significant such that $μ_n-μ_p \neq 0$ near $x=1/2$, at which the chemical potential difference is zero without kaon amplitude. We present the argument that in order to obtain a reliably accurate equation of state (EoS) for compact-star matter, a much deeper understanding is needed on how the strangeness degrees of freedom such as kaons, hyperons etc. behave in baryonic matter in a Fermi liquid (or possibly a non-Fermi liquid) phase with potential phase changes. It is suggested that such an {\em accurate} treatment could have an important implication on possibly modified gravity.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2014

A New Topological "Twist" to BR Scaling

When vector mesons are considered on the same footing as pions as suggested by hidden local symmetry, the property of the nuclear tensor forces is strongly controlled by the behavior of the vector mesons in dense medium. This led to BR scaling in 1991. When baryons as skyrmions are put on crystal, there can be a phase transition from skyrmions to half-skyrmions at a density above that of normal nuclear matter. This topology change can induce fundamental changes to the parameters in hidden local symmetric Lagrangian, hence BR scaling, and brings a drastic modification to the structure of nuclear forces, in particulrar, the tensor forces. This can have far-reaching consequences on the EoS of compact-star matter and the structure of neutron-rich nuclei.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Skyrmions, half-skyrmions and nucleon mass in dense baryonic matter

We explore the hadron properties in dense baryonic matter in a unified way by using a Skyrme model constructed with an effective Lagrangian which includes the $ρ$ and $ω$ vector mesons as hidden gauge bosons and is valid up to $O(p^4)$ in chiral expansion including the homogeneous Wess-Zumino terms. With the two input values of pion decay constant and the lowest lying vector meson mass which can be fixed in free space, all the other low energy constants in the effective Lagrangian are determined by their master formulas derived from holographic QCD models, which allows us to study the baryonic matter properties with no additional free parameters and thus without ambiguities. We find that the $ω$ field that figures in the homogeneous Wess-Zumino term plays a crucial role in the skyrmion structure and its matter properties. The most striking and intriguing observation is that the pion decay constant that smoothly drops with increasing density in the Skyrmion phase stops decreasing at $n_{1/2}^{}$ at which the skyrmions in medium fractionize into half-skyrmions and remains nearly constant in the half-skyrmion phase. In accordance with the large $N_c$ consideration, the baryon mass also stays non-scaling in the half-skyrmion phase. This feature is supported by the nuclear effective field theory with the parameters of the Lagrangian scaling modified at the skyrmion--half-skyrmion phase transition. Our exploration also uncovers the crucial role of the $ω$ meson in multi-baryon systems as well as in the structure of a single skyrmion.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Interplay between ω-Nucleon Interaction and Nucleon Mass in Dense Baryonic Matter

The dilaton-limit fixed point and the scaling properties of hadrons in the close vicinity of the fixed point in dense baryonic matter uncovered in hidden local symmetry implemented with spontaneously broken scale symmetry are shown to reveal a surprisingly intricate interplay, hitherto unsuspected, between the origin of the bulk of proton mass and the renormalization-group flow of the ω-nuclear interactions. This rends a theoretical support to the previous (phenomenologically) observed correlation between the dropping nucleon mass and the behavior of the ω-nuclear interactions in dense matter described in terms of half skyrmions that appear at a density denoted $n_{1/2}$ in skyrmion crystals. The role of the ω-meson degree of freedom in the source for nucleon mass observed in this paper is highly reminiscent of its important role in the skyrmion description of nucleon mass in hidden local symmetric theory. One of the most notable novel results found in this paper is that the nucleon mass in dense baryonic medium undergoes a drop roughly linear in density up to a density (denoted $\tilde{n}$) slightly above nuclear matter density ($n_0$) and then stays more or less constant up to the dilaton limit fixed point. The possibility that we entertain is that $\tilde{n}$ coincides with or at least close to $n_{1/2}$. We note that this feature can be economically captured by the parity-doublet model for nucleons with the chiral-invariant mass $m_0\sim (0.7-0.8) m_N$. It is found in one-loop renormalization-group analysis with the Lagrangian adopted that while the ρ-NN coupling "runs" in density, the ω-NN coupling does not scale: it will scale at two-loop or higher-loop order, but at a slower pace, so it is more appropriate to say it "walks" rather than runs.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Dense Baryonic Matter in Hidden Local Symmetry Approach: Half-Skyrmions and Nucleon Mass

Hadron properties in dense medium are treated in a unified way in a skyrmion model constructed with an effective Lagrangian, in which the rho and omega vector mesons are introduced as hidden gauge bosons, valid up to O(p^4) terms in chiral expansion including the homogeneous Wess-Zumino terms. All the low energy constants - apart from f_pi and m_rho - are fixed by the master formula derived from the relation between 5-D hQCD and 4-D HLS. This allows one to pin down the density n_1/2 at which the skyrmions in medium fractionize into half-skyrmions, bringing in a drastic change in the EoS of dense matter. We find that the U(1) field that figures in the CS term in the hQCD action or equivalently the omega field in the hWZ term in the dimensionally reduced HLS action plays a crucial role in the half-skyrmion phase. The importance of the omega degree of freedom may be connected to what happens in the instanton structure of elementary baryon noticed in hQCD. The most striking and intriguing in what is found in the model is that f_pi that smoothly drops with increasing density in the skyrmion phase stops decreasing at n_1/2 and remains nearly constant in the half-skyrmion phase. In accordance with the large N_c consideration, the baryon mass also stays non-scaling in the half-skyrmion phase. This feature which is reminiscent of the parity-doublet baryon model with a chirally invariant mass m_0 is supported by the nuclear EFT with the parameters of the Lagrangian scaling modified at the skyrmion-half-skyrmion phase transition. It also matches with one-loop RG analysis based on HLS. A link between a non-vanishing m_0 and the origin of nucleon mass distinctive from dynamically generated mass is suggested. We briefly discuss the possible consequences of the topology change found in this paper on the forthcoming experiments at the RIB machines under construction.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Topology Change and Tensor Forces for the EoS of Dense Baryonic Matter

When skyrmions representing nucleons are put on crystal lattice and compressed to simulate high density, there is a transition above the normal nuclear matter density $n_0$ from a matter consisting of skyrmions with integer baryon charge to a state of half-skyrmions with half-integer baryon charge. We exploit this observation in an effective field theory formalism to access dense baryonic system. We find that the topology change involved implies a changeover from a Fermi liquid structure to a non-Fermi liquid with the chiral condensate in the nucleon "melted off." The $\sim 80%$ of the nucleon mass that remains, invariant under chiral transformation, points to the origin of the (bulk of) proton mass that is not encoded in the standard mechanism of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. The topology change engenders a drastic modification of the nuclear tensor forces, thereby nontrivially affecting the EoS, in particular, the symmetry energy, for compact star matter. It brings in stiffening of the EoS needed to accommodate a neutron star of $\sim 2$ solar mass. The strong effect on the EoS in general and in the tensor force structure in particular will also have impact on processes that could be measured at RIB-type accelerators.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Half-Skyrmions and the Equation of State for Compact-Star Matter

The half-skyrmions that appear in dense baryonic matter when skyrmions are put on crystals modify drastically hadron properties in dense medium and affect strongly the nuclear tensor forces, thereby influencing the equation of state (EoS) of dense nuclear and asymmetric nuclear matter. The matter comprised of half skyrmions has vanishing quark condensate but non-vanishing pion decay constant and could be interpreted as a hadronic dual of strong-coupled quark matter. We infer from this observation combined with certain predictions of hidden local symmetry in low-energy hadronic interactionsa a set of new scaling laws -- called "new-BR" -- for the parameters in nuclear effective field theory controlled by renormalization-group flow. They are subjected to the EoS of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter, and are then applied to nuclear symmetry energies and properties of compact stars. The changeover from the skyrmion matter to a half-skyrmion matter that takes place after the cross-over density $n_{1/2}$ provides a simple and natural field theoretic explanation for the change of the EoS from soft to stiff at a density above that of nuclear matter required for compact stars as massive as $\sim 2.4M_\odot$. Cross-over density in the range $1.5n_0 \lsim n_{1/2} \lsim 2.0 n_0$ has been employed, and the possible skyrmion half-skyrmion coexistence {or cross-over} near $n_{1/2}$ is discussed. The novel structure of {the tensor forces and} the EoS obtained with the new-BR scaling is relevant for neutron-rich nuclei and compact star matter and could be studied in RIB (rare isotope beam) machines.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Dilatons in Dense Baryonic Matter

We discuss the role of dilaton, which is supposed to be representing a special feature of scale symmetry of QCD, trace anomaly, in dense baryonic matter. The idea that the scale symmetry breaking of QCD is responsible for the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is presented along the similar spirit of Freund-Nambu model. The incorporation of dilaton field in the hidden local symmetric parity doublet model is briefly sketched with the possible role of dilaton at high density baryonic matter, the emergence of linear sigma model in dilaton limit.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Baryonic Matter in the Hidden Local Symmetry Induced from Holographic QCD Models

Baryonic matter is studied in the Skyrme model by taking into account the roles of $π,$ $ρ$, and $ω$ mesons through the hidden local symmetry up to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ terms including the homogeneous Wess-Zumino (hWZ) terms. Using the master formulas for the low energy constants derived from holographic QCD models the skyrmion matter properties can be quantitatively calculated with the input values of the pion decay constant $f_π$ and the vector meson mass $m_ρ^{}$. We find that the hWZ terms are responsible for the repulsive interactions of the $ω$ meson. In addition, the self-consistently included $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ terms with the hWZ terms is found to increase the half skyrmion phase transition point above the normal nucleon density.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2013

Proton Mass, Topology Change and Tensor Forces in Compressed Baryonic Matter

This is a summary of the talks I gave at Korean Physical Society meeting (April 26, 2012, Daejeon, Korea) and the 4th Asian Triangle Heavy Ion Conference (ATHIC) (November 14, 2012, Pusan, Korea). They are based on the series of work done at Hanyang University in the World Class University III Program under the theme of "From Dense Matter to Compact Stars." The program was conceived and executed to understand highly compressed baryonic matter in anticipation of the forthcoming RIB machine "RAON" which is in construction in the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. The problems treated ranged from the origin of the proton mass, topological structure of barynic matter, chiral symmetry and conformal symmetry to the EoS of nuclear matter and dense neutron-rich matter and to the maximum mass of neutron stars. The results obtained are new and intriguing and could have an impact on the novel structure of dense matter to be probed in the accelerators "RAON," FAIR etc. and in compact stars.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Hyperons and Condensed Kaons in Compact Stars

Using the Callan-Klebanov bound state model for hyperons simulated on crystal lattice to describe strange baryonic matter, we argue that to ${\cal O} (1)$ in the large $N_c$ counting to which the theory is robust, hyperons can figure only when -- or after -- kaons condense in compact-star matter. We also discuss how the skyrmion-half-skyrmion topological transition affects the equation of state (EoS) of dense baryonic matter. The observations made in this note open wide the issue of how to theoretically access the EoS of compact stars.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2012

Flavor Symmetry and Topology Change in Nuclear Symmetry Energy for Compact Stars

The nuclear symmetry energy figures crucially in the structure of asymmetric nuclei and, more importantly, in the equation of state (EoS) of compact stars. At present it is almost totally unknown, both experimentally and theoretically, in the density regime appropriate for the interior of neutron stars. Basing on a strong-coupled structure of dense baryonic matter encoded in the skyrmion crystal approach with a topology change and resorting to the notion of generalized HLS (hidden local symmetry) in hadronic interactions, we address a variety of hitherto unexplored issues of nuclear interactions associated with the symmetry energy, i.e., kaon condensation and hyperons, possible topology change in dense matter, nuclear tensor forces, conformal symmetry and chiral symmetry etc in the EoS of dense compact-star matter. One of the surprising results coming from the hidden local symmetry structure that is distinct from what is given by standard phenomenological approaches is that at high density, baryonic matter is driven by RG flow to the "dilaton-limit fixed point (DLFP)" constrained by "mended symmetries." We further propose how to formulate kaon condensation and hyperons in compact-star matter in a framework anchored on a single effective Lagrangian by treating hyperons as the Callan-Klebanov kaon-skyrmion bound states simulated on crystal lattice. This formulation suggests that hyperons can figure in the stellar matter -- if at all -- when or after kaons condense, in contrast to the standard phenomenological approaches where the hyperons appear as the first strangeness degree of freedom in matter thereby suppressing or delaying kaon condensation. In our simplified description of the stellar structure in terms of symmetry energies which is compatible with that of the 1.97 solar mass star, kaon condensation plays a role of "doorway state" to strange-quark matter.

nucl-th↗