arXiv subjects

Mario Rabinowitz

Publications and source records attributed to Mario Rabinowitz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2014

Why Observable Space Is Solely Three Dimensional

Quantum (and classical) binding energy considerations in n-dimensional space indicate that atoms (and planets) can only exist in three-dimensional space. This is why observable space is solely 3-dimensional. Both a novel Virial theorem analysis, and detailed classical and quantum energy calculations for 3-space circular and elliptical orbits indicate that they have no orbital binding energy in greater than 3-space. The same energy equation also excludes the possibility of atom-like bodies in strictly 1 and 2-dimensions. A prediction is made that in the search for deviations from r^-2 of the gravitational force at sub-millimeter distances such a deviation must occur at < ~ 10^-10 m (or < ~10^-12 m considering muoniom), since atoms would disintegrate if the curled up dimensions of string theory were larger than this. Callender asserts that the often-repeated claim in previous work that stable orbits are possible in only three dimensions is not even remotely established. The binding energy analysis herein avoids the pitfalls that Callender points out, as it circumvents stability issues. An uncanny quantum surprise is present in very high dimensions.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Challenges to the Bohr Wave Particle Complementarity Principle

Contrary to the Bohr complementarity principle, in 1995 Rabinowitz proposed that by using entangled particles from the source it would be possible to determine which slit a particle goes through while still preserving the interference pattern in the Young two slit experiment. In 2000, Kim et al used spontaneous parametric down conversion to prepare entangled photons as their source, and almost achieved this. In 2012, Menzel et al. experimentally succeeded in doing this. When the source emits entangled particle pairs, the traversed slit is inferred from measurement of the entangled particle location by using triangulation. The violation of complementarity breaches the prevailing probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics, and benefits the Bohm pilot wave theory.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

Falling Bodies: the Obvious,the Subtle, and the Wrong

An important scientific debate took place regarding falling bodies hundreds of years ago, and it still warrants introspection. Galileo argued that in a vacuum all bodies fall at the same rate relative to the earth, independent of their mass. Aristotle seemed to consider all media to be viscous, and argued that heavier bodies fall faster. Aristotle was challenged by Philoponus, who argued that light and heavy weights fall about equally fast in air, eleven hundred years before Galileo. As we shall see, the problem is more subtle than meets the eye -- even in a frictionless medium. Philoponus and Galileo are right part of the time, and Aristotle is partly right some of the time. In fact they are all wrong the rest of the time, with the lightest body falling fastest when two bodies fall toward the earth. In principle the results of a free fall experiment depend on whether falling masses originate on earth, are extraterrestrial, are sequential or concurrent, or are simultaneous for coincident or separated bodies, etc. When single falling bodies originate from the earth, all bodies (light and heavy) fall at the same rate relative to the earth in agreement with Galileo's view. Einstein's General Relativity (EGR), in which gravity is due to space-time curvature, was motivated by the Galilean notion that free-fall is independent of the mass and properties of a falling body, and is just due to the properties of the milieu it finds itself in. Quantum mechanics is found to violate the Equivalence Principle of EGR.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are found for both the simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that the classical and quantum expectation values are the same for the expectation value of the second moment and the beat period (i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ significantly at small n. It is shown that a particle's velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an "Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width" is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Quantum and Classical Variance in the Quantum Realm

This paper examines the variance of quantum and classical predictions in the quantum realm, as well as unexpected presence and absence of variances. Some features are found that share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. Variances are also found in the presence of a force that are more subtle as they are of higher order. Significant variances related to the harmonic oscillator and particle in a box periods are found. This paper raises the question whether apparent quantum self-inconsistency may be examined internally, or must be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may either point to inconsistencies in quantum mechanics that should be fixed, or that nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected. For the harmonic oscillator it is proven that the second spatial moment is the same in QM and CM.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Is Quantum Mechanics Incompatible with Newton's First Law

Quantum mechanics (QM) clearly violates Newton's First Law of Motion (NFLM) in the quantum domain for one of the simplest problems, yielding an effect in a force-free region much like the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In addition, there is an incompatibility between the predictions of QM in the classical limit, and that of classical mechanics (CM) with respect to NFLM. A general argument is made that such a disparity may be found commonly for a wide variety of quantum predictions in the classical limit. Alternatives to the Schrodinger equation are considered that might avoid this problem. The meaning of the classical limit is examined. Critical views regarding QM by Schrodinger, Bohm, Bell, Clauser, and others are presented to provide a more complete perspective.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Dark Matter in an n-Space Expanding Universe

The total number of degrees of freedom of a d-dimensional body in n-space is derived so that equipartition of energy may be applied to a possibly n-dimensional early universe. A comparison is made of a range of proposals to include free and bound black holes as either a small component or the dominant constituent of dark matter in the universe. The hypothesis that dark matter consists in part of atomic gravitationally bound primordial black holes is closely examined in 3-space, as well as in n-space; and the Chavda and Chavda holeum hypothesis is found to be flawed. Blackbody and Hawking radiation are generalized to n-space, and Hawking radiation is shown to be simply proportional to the black hole density. The importance of quantum gravity in understanding the role of early universe dark matter is undermined because present approaches to a theory of quantum gravity violate the equivalence principle. A general heuristic proof for geodesics on an expanding hypersphere is presented. Classical limits of Einstein's General Relativity are considered. A novel approach to the accelerated expansion of the universe is discussed. An anomalous surprising aspect of 4-space is demonstrated.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

Deterrents to a Theory of Quantum Gravity

As shown previously, quantum mechanics directly violates the weak equivalence principle in general and in all dimensions, and thus indirectly violates the strong equivalence principle in all dimensions. The present paper shows that quantum mechanics also directly violates the strong equivalence principle unless it is arbitrarily abetted in hindsight. Vital domains are shown to exist in which quantum gravity would be nonapplicable. There are classical subtleties in which the strong equivalence principle appears to be violated, but is not. Neutron free fall interference experiments in a gravitational field reveal some evidence for a violation of the equivalence principle. Galileo's falling body assertion and the misconception it leads to, are examined,

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2006

A Theory of Quantum Gravity may not be possible because Quantum Mechanics violates the Equivalence Principle

Quantum mechanics clearly violates the weak equivalence principle (WEP). This implies that quantum mechanics also violates the strong equivalence principle (SEP), as shown in this paper. Therefore a theory of quantum gravity may not be possible unless it is not based upon the equivalence principle, or if quantum mechanics can change its mass dependence. Neither of these possibilities seem likely at the present time. Examination of QM in n-space, as well as relativistic QM equations does not change this conclusion.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2006

Manufacture of and Apparatus for Nearly Frictionless Operation of a Rotatable Array of Micro-Mirrors in a Solar Concentrator Sheet

Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy sources. A novel method is described for manufacturing a transparent sheet with an embedded array of mirrored spheroidal micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and analogous applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. The micro-balls are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Novel method and apparatus are presented for producing the preferred embodiment of a close-packed monolayer of the array of mirrored micro-balls.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2006

Consequences of Gravitational Tunneling Radiation

Gravitational tunneling radiation (GTR) from a black hole is similar to electric field emission of electrons from a metal. There is always a second body to give the gravitational barrier of a black hole a finite rather than infinite width so that a particle can escape by tunneling. Thus GTR may be emitted from black holes in a process differing from that of Hawking radiation (HR) with broad ranging astrophysical ramifications. HR of an "isolated" black hole is an abstraction which has not been detected in three decades, and which may not exist. GTR is beamed, in contrast to HR, which is isotropic. Little black holes may account for much of the dark matter of the universe, and hence the anomalous rotation of spiral galaxies, as well as contribute to the accelerated expansion of the universe. The absence of HR permits the existence of little black hole gravitationally bound atoms with quantized orbits and quantized gravitational radiation. Since some theories speculate that the early universe may have existed in n-dimensional space, certain results will be presented both for general n-space and for the 3-space in which we live. An inconsistency between quantum mechanics and the equivalence principle is demonstrated. It is shown that angular momentum cannot be quantized in the usual manner in 4-space, with possible consequences for Kaluza-Klein theory. An hypothesis is presented for reducing the enormously too-large vacuum zero-point energy. String theory may be impacted by the finding that atoms are not energetically stable in higher than 3-space. GTR avoids the black hole lost information paradox.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Black Hole Radiation and Volume Statistical Entropy

The simplest possible equation for Hawking radiation, and other black hole radiated power is derived in terms of black hole density. Black hole density also leads to the simplest possible model of a gas of elementary constituents confined inside a gravitational bottle of Schwarzchild radius at tremendous pressure, which yields identically the same functional dependence as the traditional black hole entropy. Variations of Sbh can be obtained which depend on the occupancy of phase space cells. A relation is derived between the constituent momenta and the black hole radius which is similar to the Compton wavelength relation.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Little Black Holes as Dark Matter Candidates with Feasible Cosmic and Terrestrial Interactions

Little black holes (LBH) contribute to the accelerated expansion of the Universe, and interact with stars, neutron stars, and planets. A range of proposals are reviewed in which LBH are considered to be a component of dark matter/dark energy. A LBH is a candidate for the 1908 devastation of Tungus Siberia, as important LBH interactions were overlooked. LBH passing through neutron star pulsars are capable of causing a change in. Energy input due to the passage of LBH through the earth, sun, and neutron stars is examined to determine if they could initiate tremors and quakes in such bodies. In encounters with the earth.s atmosphere, LBH can manifest themselves as the core energy source of ball lightning (BL). Relating the LBH incidence rate on earth to BL occurrence has the potential of shedding light on the distribution of LBH in the universe, and their velocities relative to the earth. Most BL features can be explained by a testable LBH model. The total number of degrees of freedom of a d-dimensional body in n-space is derived so that equipartition of energy may be applied in the early universe. Blackbody and Hawking radiation are generalized to n-space. The entropy of LBH and of the universe are examined. The largest possible attractive force, repulsive force, and luminosity in nature are considered in the context of LBH. A question is raised as to whether the Planck scale is truly fundamental. The gravitational fine structure constant is re-examined.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Dark matter candidates: black holes and gravitationally bound black hole atoms in n-space

A comparison is made of a range of proposals to include free and bound black holes as either a small component or the dominant constituent of dark matter. The hypothesis that dark matter consists of atomic gravitationally bound primordial black holes is closely examined in 3-space, as well as in n-space. It is demonstrated that for dimensions greater than 3, stable gravitational or electrostatic atoms cannot be bound by energy constraints. The total number of degrees of freedom of a d-dimensional body in n-space is derived so that equipartition of energy may be applied in the early universe. Blackbody and Hawking radiation are generalized to n-space. A promising new approach to black hole entropy is presented.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Black Hole Paradoxes

The Black Hole enigma has produced many paradoxes. A consensus regarding the resolution of some conundrums such as the Naked Singularity Paradox and the Black Hole Lost Information Paradox (LIP) has still not been achieved. Black hole complementarity as related to the LIP and the LIP itself are challenged by gravitational tunneling radiation. Where possible, the paradoxes will be presented in historical context presenting the interplay of competing perspectives such as those of Bekenstein, Belinski, Chandrasekar, Finkelstein, Hawking, Maldacena, Page, Penrose, Preskill, Susskind, 't Hooft, Veneziano, Wald, Winterberg, Yilmaz, and others. The simplest possible equation is obtained for Hawking radiation. The average kinetic energy of emitted particles may have a feature in common with thermionic emission. A broad range of topics will be covered including: Why can or can't the formation of a black hole be observed? Can one observe a naked singularity like the one clothed by a black hole? What can come out of, or seem to come out of, a black hole? What happens to the information that falls into a black hole? Doesn't the resolution of the original black hole entropy paradox introduce an equally challenging puzzle? Related anomalies in the speed of light, the speed of gravity, the speed of inflation, and Mach's principle are considered. Black hole entropy violation of the Nernst heat theorem is virtual As we shall see, these paradoxes have served as an incentive for research to sharpen our thinking, and even to promote the development of new theoretical and experimental physics. A reasonable number of paradoxes are a good thing. But too many paradoxes requiring manifold patchwork fixes may augur basic flaws/inconsistencies that signal the need for a paradigm shift.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Electronic film with embedded micro-mirrors for solar energy concentrator systems

A novel electronic film solar energy concentrator with embedded micro-mirrors that track the sun is described. The potential viability of this new concept is presented. Due to miniaturization, the amount of material needed for the optical system is minimal. Because it is light-weight and flexible, it can easily be attached to the land or existing structures. This presents an economic advantage over conventional concentrators which require the construction of a separate structure to support them, and motors to orient them to intercept and properly reflect sunlight. Such separate structures must be able to survive gusts, windstorms, earthquakes, etc. This concentrator utilizes the ground or existing edifices which are already capable of withstanding such vicissitudes of nature.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Mini-Optics Solar Energy Concentrator

This invention deals with the broad general concept for focussing light. A mini-optics tracking and focussing system is presented for solar power conversion that ranges from an individual's portable system to solar conversion of electrical power that can be used in large scale power plants for environmentally clean energy. It can be rolled up, transported, and attached to existing man-made, or natural structures. It allows the solar energy conversion system to be low in capital cost and inexpensive to install as it can be attached to existing structures since it does not require the construction of a superstructure of its own. This novel system is uniquely distinct and different from other solar tracking and focussing processes allowing it to be more economical and practical. Furthermore, in its capacity as a power producer, it can be utilized with far greater safety, simplicity, economy, and efficiency in the conversion of solar energy.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Dependence of Maximum Trappable Field on Superconducting Nb3Sn Cylinder Wall Thickness

Uniform dipole magnetic fields from 1.9 to 22.4 kOe were permanently trapped, with high fidelity to the original field, transversely to the axes of hollow Nb3Sn superconducting cylinders. These cylinders were constructed by helically wrapping multiple layers of superconducting ribbon around a mandrel. This is the highest field yet trapped, the first time trapping has been reported in such helically wound taped cylinders, and the first time the maximum trappable field has been experimentally determined as a function of cylinder wall thickness.

cond-mat.supr-con↗