arXiv subjects

Mario Rabinowitz

Publications and source records attributed to Mario Rabinowitz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2003

Frequency Dependence of Superconducting Cavity Q and Magnetic Breakdown Field

A theoretical explanation is given to account for the unexpected observation that L- and S-band Nb superconducting cavities were found to have lower Q and lower magnetic breakdown field than those of the higher X-band frequencies. Both effects can be related to the trapping of magnetic flux in the cavity walls. The frequency dependence arises from the frequency dependence of the resistivity of oscillating fluxoids. Calculations based on this model are in agreement with experimental observations.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

Resistivity Ratio of Niobium Superconducting Cavities

Resistivity measurements have been made on Nb cavities, as well as on Pb and Cu, at 296, 77, and 4.2 K by means of a contactless induced-current method. For superconductors, a constant magnetic field drives the material normal below the transition temperature. These measurements provide a simple means for initial material evaluation as well as a direct means of monitoring the effects of material parameters (purity, heat treatment, gas incorporation, etc.) on the electron mean free path. Approximate determinations of Hc, Hc1, and Hc2 can also be derived from these measurements. Normal-state thermal conductivity and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter kappa are calculated from the resistivity measurements.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

Vacuum Calorimetry in Exploding Wire Studies

A method of using vacuum calorimetry as a means of determining directly the energy deposited in an electrically exploded wire is presented. This energy determination is compared with that given by the time integral of the product of voltage and current. A definite reproducible pattern of the explosion products is deposited on the walls of the calorimeter, which may be used as a means of understanding the behavior of the wire during the explosion.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Effect of the Fast Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse on the Electric Power Grid Nationwide: A Different View

This paper primarily considers the potential effects of a single high-altitude nuclear burst on the U.S. power grid. A comparison is made between EMP and natural phenomena such as lightning. This paper concludes that EMP is no more harmful to the power grid than its counterparts in nature. An upper limit of the electric field of the very fast, high-amplitude EMP is derived from first principles. The resulting values are significantly lower than the commonly presented values. Additional calculations show that the ionization produced by a nuclear burst severely attenuates the EMP.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2003

Nuclear Magnetohydrodynamic EMP, Solar Storms, and Substorms

In addition to a fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high altitude nuclear burst produces a relatively slow magnetohydrodynarnic EMP (MHD EMP), whose effects are like those from solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS GIC). The MHD EMP electric field E < 10^-1 V/m and lasts < 10^2 sec, whereas for solar storms E > 10^-2 V/m and lasts >10^3 sec. Although the solar storm electric field is lower than MHD EMP, the solar storm effects are generally greater due to their much longer duration. Substorms produce much smaller effects than SS GIC, but occur much more frequently. This paper describes the physics of such geomagnetic disturbances and analyzes their effects.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Thin Dielectric Films in Superconducting Cavities

At high field levels, field emission losses in superconducting cavities have an adverse effect in both reducing the otherwise extremely high Q > 10^9, and the magnetic breakdown field bringing it well below the critical magnetic field of the superconductor. The two effects may well be related as field enhancing whiskers responsible for the field emission losses can be driven normal thus reducing the magnetic breakdown field. Both the beneficial and deleterious effects of anodizing the inner surface of superconducting cavities are discussed and analyzed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Lilienfeld Transition Radiation Brought to Light

Presently, the term transition radiation tends to denote a somewhat different physical phenomenon than the original transition radiation discovered by J. E. Lilienfeld in 1919, and re-employed in different forms again in 1953 and 1971. Lilienfeld transition radiation is a subtle kind of radiation with distinctive properties that may often be unexpected in prospect, yet is intuitive and readily understood in retrospect. This paper distinguishes in clear terms between the different kinds of transition radiation, and shows its link to modern apparatus such as possible applications in the area of x-ray microscopy, microholography, and the free electron laser .

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Analysis Of Critical Power Loss In A Superconductor

A critical power dissipation resulting from an oscillating magnetic field, Hp cos wt, can produce a magnetic breakdown field, H <Hc, the critical field of the superconductor. The analysis shows, for example, why the breakdown field of a superconducting microwave cavity can be well below Hc in some cases, and indicates what the functional dependence of the cavity Q may be for values of Hp near H . The effective resistivity of a single isolated oscillating fluxoid, as well as that of a stationary normal region, is also derived for both type I and type Il superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

Radiative Reactions and Coherence Modeling in the High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse

A high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with a peak field intensity of 5 x 10^4 V/m carries momentum that results in a retarding force on the average Compton electron (radiating coherently to produce the waveform) with magnitude near that of the geomagnetic force responsible for the coherent radiation. The retarding force results from a self field effect. The Compton electron interaction with the self generated magnetic field due to the other electrons accounts for the momentum density in the propagating wave; interaction with the self generated electric field accounts for the energy flux density in the propagating wave. Coherent addition of radiation is also quantitatively modeled.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Classical Tunneling

A classical representation of an extended body over barriers of height greater than the energy of the incident body is shown to have many features in common with quantum tunneling as the center-of-mass literally goes through the barrier. It is even classically possible to penetrate any finite barrier with a body of arbitrarily low energy if the body is sufficiently long. A distribution of body lengths around the de Broglie wavelength leads to reasonable agreement with the quantum transmission coefficient.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Power Systems of the Future

Electric power is a vital ingredient of modern society. This paper in conjunction with previous papers was written to provide an insight into the physics and engineering that go into electric power systems and their modernization. Topics covered here are Direct Current; Superconducting Generators; Energy Storage; Voltage Sags; Grid Stability, Power System Planning and Operations; Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields; Dispersed Generation; Information Superhighway Synergy; Distribution Automation; Conclusion.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Power Delivery of the Future

This paper is written to provide an insight into the physics and engineering that go into power delivery of the future. Topics covered are Fault Current Limiters (FCL) including Superconducting FCL and Emission Limited FCL; Lightning and Restoration Preparedness; Compressed-Gas-Insulated Delivery; Evaporative Cooling Delivery; Advanced Delivery Technologies Requiring Big Breakthroughs such as Conducting Polymers, Electron-Beam Delivery, Microwave Delivery, and Laser-Beam Delivery.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Improved Power System of the Future

This paper is intended to provide an insight into physics and engineering that can modernize electric power systems. Topics covered are Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS), Custom Power, Greatly improved Capacitors, Electrical Insulation, Distribution Cables, Improved Polymeric Insulation, Underground Vault Explosions, Fault Location, Smart Cables, Neutral and Ground, Corrosion and Protection, Conventional Transformers, Compact Transformers, Ferroresonance, and Solid State Transformers.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Advanced Power Transmission of the Future

Electric power is a vital ingredient of modern society. This article is written to provide an insight into the physics and engineering that go into the transmission of electric power and its potential modernization. Topics covered will be Transmission and Distribution, Comparing Overhead and Underground Delivery, Pros and Cons of Underground Delivery, Superconducting Transmission, Cryorisistive Delivery, Hyperconductivity, and Metal-Plated Graphite Fibers.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

Basic Connection between Superconductivity and Superfluidity

A basic and inherently simple connection is shown to exist between superconductivity and superfluidity. It is shown here that the author's previously derived general equation which agrees well with the superconducting transition temperatures for the heavy-electron superconductors, metallic superconductors, oxide supercon- ductors, metallic hydrogen, and neutron stars, also works well for the superfluid transition temperature of 2.6 mK for liquid 3He. Reasonable estimates are made from 10^-3 K to 10^9K -- a range of 12 orders of magnitude. The same paradigm applies to the superfluid transition temperature of liquid 4He, but results in a slightly different equation. The superfluid transition temperature for dilute solutions of 3He in superfluid 4He is estimated to be ~ 1 to 10mK. This paradigm works well in detail for metallic, cuprate, and organic superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

Microwave Residual Surface Resistance of Superconductors

Two distinct models account for the microwave residual surface resistance of superconducting cavities with equally good agreement with the measured temperature and frequency dependence. In presenting his phonon-generation model, Passow claimed that Rabinowitz' fluxoid power-loss model of residual resistance does not fit the experimental data, whereas his does. In fact, the two models have essentially the same temperature and frequency dependence. Furthermore, Passow's phonon-generation model cannot explain the observed sensitivity to details of sample preparation and history, while the fluxoid model can.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

n-Dimensional Gravity: Little Black Holes, Dark Matter, and Ball Lightning

The gravitational field, and radiation from quantized gravitational atoms and little black holes (LBH) are analyzed in n-space, i.e. in all dimensions to develop insights into possible additional compacted dimensions as predicted by hierarchy and string theory. It is shown that the entropy of LBH is significantly greater in higher dimensional space with potential implications to the initial entropy of the universe. A case is made that LBH are the dark matter of the universe, and can manifest themselves as the core energy source of ball lightning (BL). The LBH incidence rate on earth is related to BL occurrence and has the potential of aiding in the determination of the distribution of LBH and hence dark matter in the universe. Examination of LBH interactions with the atmosphere are found to be in accord with observations of BL. Possibilities are explored as to why Hawking radiation has been undetected in over 25 years. An alternate LBH tunneling radiation model is described.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

No stable gravitationally or electrostatically bound atoms in n-space for n > 3

It is demonstrated in general that stable gravitational or electrostatic orbits are not possible for spatial dimensions n >=4, and in particular atoms cannot be bound by energy constraints in higher dimensions. Furthermore, angular momentum cannot be quantized in the usual manner in 4-space, leading to interesting constraints on mass. Thus Kaluza Klein and string theory may be impacted since it appears that the unfurled higher dimensions of string theory will not permit the existence of energetically stable atoms. This also has bearing on the search for deviations from 1/r2 of the gravitational force at sub-millimeter distances. The results here imply that such a deviation must occur at less than ~ 10-8 cm, since atoms would be unstable if the curled up dimensions were larger than this.

physics.atom-ph↗