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Maxim Olshanii

Publications and source records attributed to Maxim Olshanii.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Traces of Integrability in Relaxation of One-Dimensional Two-Mass Mixtures

We study relaxation in a one-dimensional two-mass mixture of hard-core particles. A heavy-light-heavy triplet of three neighboring particles can form a little known unequal mass generalization of Newton's cradle at particular light-to-heavy mass ratios. An anomalous slow-down in the relaxation of the whole system is expected due to the presence of these triplets, and we provide numerical evidence to support this prediction. The expected experimental realization of our model involves mixtures of two internal states in optical lattices, where the ratio between effective masses can be controlled at will.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Atom transistor from the point of view of quantum nonequilibrium dynamics

We analyze the atom field-effect transistor scheme [J. A. Stickney, D. Z. Anderson and A. A. Zozulya, Phys. Rev. A 75, 013608 (2007)] using the standard tools of nonequlilibrium dynamics. In particular, we study the deviations from the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis, quantum fluctuations, and the density of states, both ab initio and using their mean-field analogues. Having fully established the quantum vs. mean-field correspondence for this system, we attempt, using a mean-field model, to interpret the off-on threshold in our transistor as the onset of ergodicity---a point where the system becomes able to visit the thermal values of the former integrals of motion in principle, albeit not being fully thermalized yet.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Emergence of Reflectionless Scattering from Linearizations of Integrable PDEs around Solitons

We present four examples of integrable partial differential equations (PDEs) of mathematical physics that---when linearized around a stationary soliton---exhibit scattering without reflection at {\it all} energies. Starting from the most well-known and the most empirically relevant phenomenon of the transparency of one-dimensional bright bosonic solitons to Bogoliubov excitations, we proceed to the sine-Gordon, Korteweg-de Vries, and Liouville's equation whose stationary solitons also support our assertion. The proposed connection between integrability and reflectionless scattering seems to span at least two distinct paradigms of integrability: S-integrability in the first three cases, and C-integrability in the last one. We argue that the transparency of linearized integrable PDEs is necessary to ensure that they can support the transparency of stationary solitons in the original integrable PDEs. As contrasting cases, the analysis is further extended to cover two non-integrable systems: a sawtooth-Gordon and a $ϕ^4$ model.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

A liquid-gas transition for bosons with attractive interaction in one dimension

We consider a one dimensional system of $N$ bosons interacting via an attractive Dirac delta function potential. We place the bosonic quantum particles at thermal equilibrium in a box of length $L$ with periodic boundary conditions. At large $N$ and for $L$ much larger than the diameter of a two particle bound state, we predict by numerical and analytical studies of a simple model derived from first principles that the system exhibits a first order phase transition in a high temperature, non-degenerate regime. The higher temperature phase is an almost pure atomic gas, with a small fraction of dimers, a smaller fraction of trimers, etc. The lower temperature phase is a mesoscopic or macroscopic bound state that collects all the particles of the system with the exception of a small gaseous fraction composed mainly of atoms. We term this phase, which is the quantum equivalent of the classical bright soliton, a liquid.---Nous considerons, en dimension un, une assemblee de $N$ particules quantiques bosoniques interagissant par un potentiel de Dirac attractif, a l'equilibre thermique dans une boite de quantification de longueur L avec des conditions aux limites periodiques. Pour de grandes valeurs de N, et lorsque L est bien superieur au diametre de l'etat dimere dans l'espace reel, nous predisons, par etude numerique et analytique d'un modele simple mais deduit des premiers principes, que le systeme presente, a haute temperature c'est-a-dire dans le regime non degenere, une transition du premier ordre entre deux phases. La phase privilegiee a haute temperature est un gaz presque pur d'atomes, avec une faible fraction de dimeres, et des fractions encore plus faibles de trimeres, etc. La phase qui la supplante a moins haute temperature est un etat lie mesoscopique ou macroscopique que nous qualifions de liquide, equivalent quantique du soliton brillant de la theorie de champ classique, et qui renferme toutes les particules du systeme, a l'exception d'une petite fraction gazeuse composee essentiellement d'atomes.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Typical, finite baths as a means of exact simulation of open quantum systems

There is presently considerable interest in accurately simulating the evolution of open systems for which Markovian master equations fail. Examples are systems that are time-dependent and/or strongly damped. A number of elegant methods have now been devised to do this, but all use a bath consisting of a continuum of harmonic oscillators. While this bath is clearly appropriate for, e.g., systems coupled to the EM field, it is not so clear that it is a good model for generic many-body systems. Here we explore a different approach to exactly simulating open-systems: using a finite bath chosen to have certain key properties of thermalizing many-body systems. To explore the numerical resources required by this method to approximate an open system coupled to an infinite bath, we simulate a weakly damped system and compare to the evolution given by the relevant Markovian master equation. We obtain the Markovian evolution with reasonable accuracy by using an additional averaging procedure, and elucidate how the typicality of the bath generates the correct thermal steady-state via the process of "eigenstate thermalization".

quant-ph↗

Geometry of quantum observables and thermodynamics of small systems

The concept of ergodicity---the convergence of the temporal averages of observables to their ensemble averages---is the cornerstone of thermodynamics. The transition from a predictable, integrable behavior to ergodicity is one of the most difficult physical phenomena to treat; the celebrated KAM theorem is the prime example. This Letter is founded on the observation that for many classical and quantum observables, the sum of the ensemble variance of the temporal average and the ensemble average of temporal variance remains constant across the integrability-ergodicity transition. We show that this property induces a particular geometry of quantum observables---Frobenius (also known as Hilbert-Schmidt) one---that naturally encodes all the phenomena associated with the emergence of ergodicity: the Eigenstate Thermalization effect, the decrease in the inverse participation ratio, and the disappearance of the integrals of motion. As an application, we use this geometry to solve a known problem of optimization of the set of conserved quantities---regardless of whether it comes from symmetries or from finite-size effects---to be incorporated in an extended thermodynamical theory of integrable, near-integrable, or mesoscopic systems.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Breakdown of scale invariance in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas due to the presence of the third dimension

In this Rapid Communication, we describe how the presence of the third dimension may break the scale invariance in a two-dimensional Bose gas in a pancake-shaped trap. From the two-dimensional perspective, the possibility of a weak spilling of the atomic density beyond the ground-state of the confinement alters the two-dimensional chemical potential; in turn, this correction no longer supports scale invariance. We compare experimental data with numerical and analytic perturbative results and find a good agreement.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

An Exactly Solvable Model for the Integrability-Chaos Transition in Rough Quantum Billiards

A central question of dynamics, largely open in the quantum case, is to what extent it erases a system's memory of its initial properties. Here we present a simple statistically solvable quantum model describing this memory loss across an integrability-chaos transition under a perturbation obeying no selection rules. From the perspective of quantum localization-delocalization on the lattice of quantum numbers, we are dealing with a situation where every lattice site is coupled to every other site with the same strength, on average. The model also rigorously justifies a similar set of relationships recently proposed in the context of two short-range-interacting ultracold atoms in a harmonic waveguide. Application of our model to an ensemble of uncorrelated impurities on a rectangular lattice gives good agreement with ab initio numerics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Memory of the Initial Conditions in an Incompletely-Chaotic Quantum System: Universal Predictions and an Application to Cold Atoms

Two zero-range-interacting atoms in a circular, transversely harmonic waveguide are used as a test-bench for a quantitative description of the crossover between integrability and chaos in a quantum system with no selection rules. For such systems we show that the expectation value after relaxation of a generic observable is given by a linear interpolation between its initial and thermal expectation values. The variable of this interpolation is universal; it governs this simple law to cover the whole spectrum of the chaotic behavior from integrable regime through the well- developed quantum chaos. The predictions are confirmed for the waveguide system, where the mode occupations and the trapping energy were used as the observables of interest; a variety of the initial states and a full range of the interaction strengths have been tested.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Solitons of the sine-Gordon and Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

We present a case demonstrating the connection between supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY--QM), reflectionless scattering, and soliton solutions of integrable partial differential equations. We show that the members of a class of reflectionless Hamiltonians, namely, Akulin's Hamiltonians, are connected via supersymmetric chains to a potential-free Hamiltonian, explaining their reflectionless nature. While the reflectionless property in question has been mentioned in the literature for over two decades, the enabling algebraic mechanism was previously unknown. Our results indicate that the multi-solition solutions of the sine-Gordon and nonlinear Schrödinger equations can be systematically generated via the supersymmetric chains connecting Akulin's Hamiltonians. Our findings also explain a well-known but little-understood effect in laser physics: when a two-level atom, initially in the ground state, is subjected to a laser pulse of the form $V(t) = (n\hbar/τ)/\cosh(t/τ)$, with $n$ being an integer and $τ$ being the pulse duration, it remains in the ground state after the pulse has been applied, for {\it any} choice of the laser detuning.

math-ph↗

An Example of Quantum Anomaly in the Physics of Ultra-Cold Gases

In this article, we propose an experimental scheme for observation of a quantum anomaly---quantum-mechanical symmetry breaking---in a two-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose gas. The anomaly manifests itself in a shift of the monopole excitation frequency away from the value dictated by the Pitaevskii-Rosch dynamical symmetry [L. P. Pitaevskii and A. Rosch, Phys. Rev. A, 55, R853 (1997)]. While the corresponding classical Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the derived from it hydrodynamic equations do exhibit this symmetry, it is---as we show in our paper---violated under quantization. The resulting frequency shift is of the order of 1% of the carrier, well in reach for modern experimental techniques. We propose using the dipole oscillations as a frequency gauge.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Two simple systems with cold atoms: quantum chaos tests and nonequilibrium dynamics

This article is an attempt to provide a link between the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics of cold gases and fifty years of progress in the lowdimensional quantum chaos. We identify two atomic systems lying on the interface: two interacting atoms in a harmonic multimode waveguide and an interacting two-component Bose-Bose mixture in a double-well potential. In particular, we study the level spacing distribution, the wavefunction statistics, the eigenstate thermalization, and the ability to thermalize in a relaxation process as such.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

A Hermite-Padé perspective on Gell-Mann--Low renormalization group: an application to the correlation function of Lieb-Liniger gas

While Padé approximation is a general method for improving convergence of series expansions, Gell-Mann--Low renormalization group normally relies on the presence of special symmetries. We show that in the single-variable case, the latter becomes an integral Hermite-Padé approximation, needing no special symmetries. It is especially useful for interpolating between expansions for small values of a variable and a scaling law of known exponent for large values. As an example, we extract the scaling-law prefactor for the one-body density matrix of the Lieb-Liniger gas. Using a new result for the 4th-order term in the short-distance expansion, we find a remarkable agreement with known ab initio numerical results.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems

Time dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been an elusive subject. Very recently, however, meaningful experimental studies of the problem have finally become possible, stimulating theoretical interest as well. Progress in this field is perhaps most urgently needed in the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics. This is so because in generic isolated systems, one expects nonequilibrium dynamics on its own to result in thermalization: a relaxation to states where the values of macroscopic quantities are stationary, universal with respect to widely differing initial conditions, and predictable through the time-tested recipe of statistical mechanics. However, it is not obvious what feature of many-body quantum mechanics makes quantum thermalization possible, in a sense analogous to that in which dynamical chaos makes classical thermalization possible. For example, dynamical chaos itself cannot occur in an isolated quantum system, where time evolution is linear and the spectrum is discrete. Underscoring that new rules could apply in this case, some recent studies even suggested that statistical mechanics may give wrong predictions for the outcomes of relaxation in such systems. Here we demonstrate that an isolated generic quantum many-body system does in fact relax to a state well-described by the standard statistical mechanical prescription. Moreover, we show that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation and that thermalization happens instead at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by J.M. Deutsch and M. Srednicki. A striking consequence of this eigenstate thermalization scenario is that the knowledge of a single many-body eigenstate suffices to compute thermal averages-any eigenstate in the microcanonical energy window will do, as they all give the same result.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Threshold for Chaos and Thermalization in One-Dimensional Mean-Field Bose-Hubbard Model

We study the threshold for chaos and its relation to thermalization in the 1D mean-field Bose-Hubbard model, which in particular describes atoms in optical lattices. We identify the threshold for chaos, which is finite in the thermodynamic limit, and show that it is indeed a precursor of thermalization. Far above the threshold, the state of the system after relaxation is governed by the usual laws of statistical mechanics.

cond-mat.other↗

Stability of the two-dimensional Bose gases in the resonant regime

We consider a two-dimensional Bose gas formed in a planar atomic trap in conditions where the two-dimensional scattering length exceeds all other microscopic length scales in the system and, accordingly, the gas parameter assumes relatively high values. We show that, unlike in the three-dimensional case, for sufficiently low areal densities the two-dimensional gas remains stable against collapse even in the resonant regime. Furthermore, we evaluate the three-body recombination rate that sets the upper limit for the life-time of two-dimensional resonant atomic condensate.

cond-mat↗

Relaxation in a Completely Integrable Many-Body Quantum System: An Ab Initio Study of the Dynamics of the Highly Excited States of Lattice Hard-Core Bosons

In this Letter we pose the question of whether a many-body quantum system with a full set of conserved quantities can relax to an equilibrium state, and, if it can, what the properties of such state are. We confirm the relaxation hypothesis through a thorough ab initio numerical investigation of the dynamics of hard-core bosons on a one-dimensional lattice. Further, a natural extension of the Gibbs ensemble to integrable systems results in a theory that is able to predict the mean values of physical observables after relaxation. Finally, we show that our generalized equilibrium carries more memory of the initial conditions than the usual thermodynamic one. This effect may have many experimental consequences, some of which having already been observed in the recent experiment on the non-equilibrium dynamics of one-dimensional hard-core bosons in a harmonic potential [T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, D. S. Weiss, Nature (London) 440, 900 (2006)].

cond-mat.other↗

Hard-core bosons on optical superlattices: Dynamics and relaxation in the superfluid and insulating regimes

We study the ground-state properties and nonequilibrium dynamics of hard-core bosons confined in one-dimensional lattices in the presence of an additional periodic potential (superlattice) and a harmonic trap. The dynamics is analyzed after a sudden switch-on or switch-off of the superlattice potential, which can bring the system into insulating or superfluid phases, respectively. A collapse and revival of the zero-momentum peak can be seen in the first case. We study in detail the relaxation of these integrable systems towards equilibrium. We show how after relaxation time averages of physical observables, like the momentum distribution function, can be predicted by means of a generalization of the Gibbs distribution.

cond-mat.other↗