arXiv subjects

Mohsen Khakzad

Publications and source records attributed to Mohsen Khakzad.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Silicon-Photomultiplier (SiPM) Protection Against Over-Current and Over-Illumination

SiPMs operate in Geiger mode, wherein photodiode cells are reverse-biased to the breakdown by even a single photon. Each cell is connected in series with a quenching resistor, which prevents cell damage and resets the cell after making a signal. All cells are arranged in parallel, making SiPMs and biasing circuits vulnerable to over-illumination, where the current passing through the SiPM can exceed the allowable value, leading to damage. In this study, we investigate over-current conditions in SiPMs and propose a protective method against over-illumination and over-current using a series resistor. Additionally, we ensure SiPM stability through the incorporation of a suitable capacitor.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2023

Cosmic muons as PMT and SiPM detector background signals

Photomultiplier tube (PMT) and Silicon Photo Multiplier (SiPM) are often used for detecting small number of photons or very weak radiations. A light guide usually connects these photodetectors to the test space. In this article, we investigate the effect of background signals caused by cosmic muons scintillation or interactions with PMT and SiPM, their light guide or input window materials. We study such interactions by making simulations using GATE software package and undertaking experiments using detector circuits developed as in~\cite{Raki:2022lwn}. The background cosmic muons can generate photons which will lead to errors in low radiation and single photon detection experiments especially if standard scintillators are not used. For such experiments, we conclude that the most useful method for cutting down the cosmic muons background should be by conducting the experiments deep underground or inside tunnels with several tens of meters of materials above it.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

SiPM and PMT Driving, Signals Count and Peak Detection Circuits, suitable for Particle Detection

The signals received from the optical receivers like as SiPM and PMT due to the collision of energetic particles with the scintillators attached to these optical receivers, are weak and fast. To measure the number of signals as well as their peak height with electronic circuits, it is necessary to optimize the signals. An example of SiPM driver circuit, signal counting and peak measurement is presented in this text. Also, the electronic circuits necessary to optimize the signals, including amplification, elimination of background noise, conversion of signal to digital and increase of signal duration are presented in this text. At the end, two examples of test results are provided to confirm the correct operation of the circuits. Such a system has several advantages. This set has a small volume and is easily portable. Its operating voltage is 12 volts and with a current of about 0.3 amps, as a result of which it is possible to use this set in any test easily. In addition, the cost of building such a system is much less than providing similar ready-made systems. Therefore, it seems that the use of all or part of these circuits can be useful for researchers. This text, while providing a special method for optimizing the signals, provides the reader with a coherent and complete method of constructing and testing circuits, and if the reader is familiar with the basics of electronics and detectors, he or she can reconstruct the circuits without any problems. Therefore, parts of this text may have an educational and review form. It seems that without these sections, the right to read will not be fulfilled.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

Exclusive pi+ pi- production at 7TeV

We report a measurement of the exclusive production of pairs of charged pions in proton-proton collisions, dominated by the process $pp \rightarrow p^{(*)} π^{+}π^{-} p^{(*)}$, where $\rm p^{(*)}$ stands for a diffractively dissociated proton, the $π^{+} π^{-}$ pair is emitted at central rapidities $y$, and the incident protons stay intact or dissociate without detection ${\rm p^{(*)}}$. The measurement is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 450~$μ$b$^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV in 2010. The cross section measured in the phase space defined by pion transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}>0.2$~GeV/c and rapidity $|y|< 2 $ is found to be $20.5~\pm~0.3~(\rm {stat})~(\pm~3.1~\rm {syst})~\pm$~0.8~(lumi)~$μ$b. The differential cross sections for $π^{+}π^{-}$ pairs as a function of the pion pair invariant mass, $p_{\rm T}$, and $y$, as well as a single-pion differential cross section as a function of pion $p_{\rm T}$ are also measured and compared to several phenomenological predictions.

hep-ex↗