arXiv subjects

Muhammad Zubair

Publications and source records attributed to Muhammad Zubair.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Strain heterogeneity and micro-damage nucleation under tensile stresses in an Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy with an intermetallic skeleton

Strain heterogeneity at the microstructural level plays a vital role in the deformation and fracture behaviour of dual or multi-phase materials. In the present work, the strain heterogeneity, localization and partitioning arising at the sub-micron scale during elevated temperature (170 °C) tensile deformation of an Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy was investigated using quasi in-situ μ-DIC experiments. The results reveal that the strain is mainly carried by the α-Mg phase, while the intermetallic Laves phase plays a critical role in that strain concentrations build up at the α-Mg matrix and Laves phase interfaces, hence, reducing the overall deformability of the alloy. In quasi in-situ and bulk material analysis at elevated temperature, cracks were observed to nucleate in the Laves phase, at i) the intersection points of slip lines in the α-Mg matrix with the Laves phase and ii) the twin intersections with α-Mg/Laves phase interfaces and iii) twin transmissions across α-Mg/Laves phase interfaces. Euler number analysis has shown that the (inter-)connectivity of the Laves phase decreases with deformation. Finally, cracks grow preferentially along the Laves phases until the material fractures.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2019

Chaotic Time Series Prediction using Spatio-Temporal RBF Neural Networks

Due to the dynamic nature, chaotic time series are difficult predict. In conventional signal processing approaches signals are treated either in time or in space domain only. Spatio-temporal analysis of signal provides more advantages over conventional uni-dimensional approaches by harnessing the information from both the temporal and spatial domains. Herein, we propose an spatio-temporal extension of RBF neural networks for the prediction of chaotic time series. The proposed algorithm utilizes the concept of time-space orthogonality and separately deals with the temporal dynamics and spatial non-linearity(complexity) of the chaotic series. The proposed RBF architecture is explored for the prediction of Mackey-Glass time series and results are compared with the standard RBF. The spatio-temporal RBF is shown to out perform the standard RBFNN by achieving significantly reduced estimation error.

stat.ML↗

arXiv2018

Fractional Fresnel coefficients for optical absorption in femtosecond laser-induced rough metal surfaces

The surface morphology of metal influences its optical absorptivity. Recent experiments have demonstrated that the femtosecond laser induced surface structures on metals could be dynamically controlled by the fluence of laser and the number of pulses. In this paper, we formulate an analytical model to calculate the optical absorption of a rough metallic surface by modeling the roughness as a fractal slab. For a given experimental image of the surface roughness, we characterize the roughness with a fractal parameter by using box-counting method. With this parameter as input, we calculate the absorption of 800 nm laser pulse impinging on gold, copper and platinum, and the calculated results show excellent agreements. In terms of physics, our model can be viewed as a fractional version of the Fresnel coefficients, and it will be useful for designing suitable surface structures to tune the light absorption on metals from purely reflective to highly absorptive based on different applications.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2018

Thickness dependence of space-charge-limited current in spatially disordered organic semiconductors

Charge transport properties in organic semiconductors are determined by two kinds of microscopic disorders, namely energetic disorder related to the distribution of localized states and the spatial disorder related to the morphological features of the material. From a semi-classical picture, the charge transport properties are crucially determined by both the carrier mobility and the electrostatic field distribution in the material. Although the effect of disorders on carrier mobility has been widely studied, how electrostatic field distribution is distorted by the presence of disorders and its effect on charge transport remain unanswered. In this paper, we present a modified space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model for spatially disordered organic semiconductors based on the fractional-dimensional electrostatic framework. We show that the thickness dependence of SCLC is related to the spatial disorder in organic semiconductors. For trap-free transport, the SCLC exhibits a modified thickness scaling of $J\propto L^{-3α}$, where the fractional-dimension parameter $α$ accounts for the spatial disorder in organic semiconductors. The trap-limited and field-dependent mobility are also shown to obey an $α$-dependent thickness scaling. The modified SCLC model shows a good agreement with several experiments on spatially disordered organic semiconductors. By applying this model to the experimental data, the standard charge transport parameters can be deduced with better accuracy than by using existing models.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2015

Secure Image Steganography using Cryptography and Image Transposition

Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today's technological world. In order to secure the transmission of secret data over the public network (Internet), various schemes have been presented over the last decade. Steganography combined with cryptography, can be one of the best choices for solving this problem. This paper proposes a new steganographic method based on gray-level modification for true colour images using image transposition, secret key and cryptography. Both the secret key and secret information are initially encrypted using multiple encryption algorithms (bitxor operation, bits shuffling, and stego key-based encryption); these are, subsequently, hidden in the host image pixels. In addition, the input image is transposed before data hiding. Image transposition, bits shuffling, bitxoring, stego key-based encryption, and gray-level modification introduce five different security levels to the proposed scheme, making the data recovery extremely difficult for attackers. The proposed technique is evaluated by objective analysis using various image quality assessment metrics, producing promising results in terms of imperceptibility and security. Moreover, the high quality stego images and its minimal histogram changeability, also validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

cs.MM↗

arXiv2015

A Novel Image Steganographic Approach for Hiding Text in Color Images using HSI Color Model

Image Steganography is the process of embedding text in images such that its existence cannot be detected by Human Visual System (HVS) and is known only to sender and receiver. This paper presents a novel approach for image steganography using Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) color space based on Least Significant Bit (LSB). The proposed method transforms the image from RGB color space to Hue-Saturation-Intensity (HSI) color space and then embeds secret data inside the Intensity Plane (I-Plane) and transforms it back to RGB color model after embedding. The said technique is evaluated by both subjective and Objective Analysis. Experimentally it is found that the proposed method have larger Peak Signal-to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values, good imperceptibility and multiple security levels which shows its superiority as compared to several existing methods

cs.MM↗

arXiv2013

Anisotropic Universe Models with Perfect Fluid and Scalar Field in f(R,T) Gravity

In this paper, we study the behavior of perfect fluid and massless scalar field for homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type I universe model in $f(R,T)$ gravity, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We assume the variation law of mean Hubble parameter to obtain exact solutions of the modified field equations. The physical and kinematical quantities are discussed for both models in future evolution of the universe. We check the validity of null energy condition and conclude that our perfect fluid solution can behave like phantom model. Finally, we find that perfect fluid solutions correspond to massless scalar field models.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2012

Energy Conditions Constraints and Stability of Power Law Solutions in f(R,T) Gravity

The energy conditions are derived in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, which can reduce to the well-known conditions in $f(R)$ gravity and general relativity. We present the general inequalities set by the energy conditions in terms of Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. In this study, we concentrate on two particular models of $f(R,T)$ gravity namely, $f(R)+λ{T}$ and $R+2f(T)$. The exact power-law solutions are obtained for these two cases in homogeneous and isotropic $f(R,T)$ cosmology. Finally, we find certain constraints which have to be satisfied to ensure that power law solutions may be stable and match the bounds prescribed by the energy conditions.

gr-qc↗