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N. Lemke

Publications and source records attributed to N. Lemke.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2019

Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy induces behavioral impairment and lower weight gain in adult rats

Low-dose ionizing radiation may induce far-reaching consequences in human, especially regarding intrauterine development. Many studies have documented that the risks of in utero irradiation remain controversial and no effect is reported at doses below 50 mGy. Animal models are often used to clarify the non-fully understood impact of intrauterine irradiation and allow the manipulation of several experimental setups, making possible the analysis of a wide range of end points. We investigated the impact of in utero low-dose X-ray irradiation on postnatal development in rat offspring through a set of well-established behavioral parameters and weight gain. To investigate the hypothesis of postnatal behavioral and physiological alterations due to prenatal low-dose ionizing radiation we exposed pregnant Wistar to 15 mGy of X-rays on gestational days 8 and 15 and control mothers. This low-dose value into diagnostic range can be achieved in a single radiological exam. Four male animals were select from each litter. At infant age, eye-opening test and negative geotaxis tests were performed. Animals were tested at postnatal ages 30 and 70 days in open field, elevated plus-maze, and hole board tests. We evaluated the weight gain of all animals throughout the experiment. The results presented differences between irradiated and non-irradiated animals. Exposed animals presented lower weight gain in adult life, impairment in central nervous system since infant phase, behavioral alterations persisting into later life, and motor coordination impairment. Effects at doses under 100 mGy have not been reported, however, the present study demonstrate that 15 mGy intrauterine exposure was able to generate deleterious effects.

physics.bio-ph↗
arXiv2011

Stretched exponential behavior and random walks on diluted hypercubic lattices

Diffusion on a diluted hypercube has been proposed as a model for glassy relaxation and is an example of the more general class of stochastic processes on graphs. In this article we determine numerically through large scale simulations the eigenvalue spectra for this stochastic process and calculate explicitly the time evolution for the autocorrelation function and for the return probability, all at criticality, with hypercube dimensions $N$ up to N=28. We show that at long times both relaxation functions can be described by stretched exponentials with exponent 1/3 and a characteristic relaxation time which grows exponentially with dimension $N$. The numerical eigenvalue spectra are consistent with analytic predictions for a generic sparse network model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2011

Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider

We present an optical frequency divider based on a 200 MHz repetition rate Er:fiber mode-locked laser that, when locked to a stable optical frequency reference, generates microwave signals with absolute phase noise that is equal to or better than cryogenic microwave oscillators. At 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier, the phase noise is below -100 dBc/Hz, limited by the optical reference. For offset frequencies > 10 kHz, the phase noise is shot noise limited at -145 dBc/Hz. An analysis of the contribution of the residual noise from the Er:fiber optical frequency divider is also presented.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2011

Generation of Ultrastable Microwaves via Optical Frequency Division

There has been increased interest in the use and manipulation of optical fields to address challenging problems that have traditionally been approached with microwave electronics. Some examples that benefit from the low transmission loss, agile modulation and large bandwidths accessible with coherent optical systems include signal distribution, arbitrary waveform generation, and novel imaging. We extend these advantages to demonstrate a microwave generator based on a high-Q optical resonator and a frequency comb functioning as an optical-to-microwave divider. This provides a 10 GHz electrical signal with fractional frequency instability <8e-16 at 1 s, a value comparable to that produced by the best microwave oscillators, but without the need for cryogenic temperatures. Such a low-noise source can benefit radar systems, improve the bandwidth and resolution of communications and digital sampling systems, and be valuable for large baseline interferometry, precision spectroscopy and the realization of atomic time.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2001

Micellization in the presence of polyelectrolyte

We present a simple model to study micellization of amphiphiles condensed on a rodlike polyion. Although the mean field theory leads to a first order micellization transition for sufficiently strong hydrophobic interactions, the simulations show that no such thermodynamic phase transition exists. Instead, the correlations between the condensed amphiphiles can result in a structure formation very similar to micelles.

cond-mat.soft↗
arXiv2000

Stretched Exponential Relaxation on the Hypercube and the Glass Transition

We study random walks on the dilute hypercube using an exact enumeration Master equation technique, which is much more efficient than Monte Carlo methods for this problem. For each dilution $p$ the form of the relaxation of the memory function $q(t)$ can be accurately parametrized by a stretched exponential $q(t)=\exp(-(t/τ)^β)$ over several orders of magnitude in $q(t)$. As the critical dilution for percolation $p_c$ is approached, the time constant $τ(p)$ tends to diverge and the stretching exponent $β(p)$ drops towards 1/3. As the same pattern of relaxation is observed in wide class of glass formers, the fractal like morphology of the giant cluster in the dilute hypercube is a good representation of the coarse grained phase space in these systems. For these glass formers the glass transition can be pictured as a percolation transition in phase space.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗
arXiv1998

The Spin Glass Transition : Exponents and Dynamics

Numerical simulations on Ising Spin Glasses show that spin glass transitions do not obey the usual universality rules which hold at canonical second order transitions. On the other hand the dynamics at the approach to the transition appear to take up a universal form for all spin glasses. The implications for the fundamental physics of transitions in complex systems are addressed.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗
arXiv1996

Two dimensional Ising spin glasses with non-zero ordering temperatures

We demonstrate numerically that for Ising spins on square lattices with ferromagnetic second neighbour interactions and random near neighbour interactions, two dimensional Ising spin glass order with a non-zero freezing temperature can occur. We compare some of the physical properties of these spin glasses with those of standard spin glasses in higher dimensions.

cond-mat↗
arXiv1994

Chaotic Dynamics of High Order Neural Networks

The dynamics of an extremely diluted neural network with high order synapses acting as corrections to the Hopfield model is investigated. As in the fully connected case, the high order terms may strongly improve the storage capacity of the system. The dynamics displays a very rich behavior, and in particular a new chaotic phase emerges depending on the weight of the high order connections $ε$, the noise level $T$ and the network load defined as the rate between the number of stored patterns and the mean connectivity per neuron $α=P/C$.

cond-mat↗