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Nicolás Wschebor

Publications and source records attributed to Nicolás Wschebor.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Precision calculation of critical exponents in the $O(N)$ universality classes with the nonperturbative renormalization group

We compute the critical exponents $ν$, $η$ and $ω$ of $O(N)$ models for various values of $N$ by implementing the derivative expansion of the nonperturbative renormalization group up to next-to-next-to-leading order [usually denoted $\mathcal{O}(\partial^4)$]. We analyze the behavior of this approximation scheme at successive orders and observe an apparent convergence with a small parameter -- typically between $1/9$ and $1/4$ -- compatible with previous studies in the Ising case. This allows us to give well-grounded error bars. We obtain a determination of critical exponents with a precision which is similar or better than those obtained by most field theoretical techniques. We also reach a better precision than Monte-Carlo simulations in some physically relevant situations. In the $O(2)$ case, where there is a longstanding controversy between Monte-Carlo estimates and experiments for the specific heat exponent $α$, our results are compatible with those of Monte-Carlo but clearly exclude experimental values.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Conformal invariance and vector operators in the $O(N)$ model

It is widely expected that, for a large class of models, scale invariance implies conformal invariance. A sufficient condition for this to happen is that there exists no integrated vector operator, invariant under all internal symmetries of the model, with scaling dimension $-1$. In this article, we compute the scaling dimensions of vector operators with lowest dimensions in the $O(N)$ model. We use three different approximation schemes: $ε$ expansion, large $N$ limit and third order of the Derivative Expansion of Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group equations. We find that the scaling dimensions of all considered integrated vector operators are always much larger than $-1$. This strongly supports the existence of conformal invariance in this model. For the Ising model, an argument based on correlation functions inequalities was derived, which yields a lower bound for the scaling dimension of the vector perturbations. We generalize this proof to the case of the $O(N)$ model with $N\in \left\lbrace 2,3,4 \right\rbrace$.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Convergence of Non-Perturbative Approximations to the Renormalization Group

We provide analytical arguments showing that the non-perturbative approximation scheme to Wilson's renormalisation group known as the derivative expansion has a finite radius of convergence. We also provide guidelines for choosing the regulator function at the heart of the procedure and propose empirical rules for selecting an optimal one, without prior knowledge of the problem at stake. Using the Ising model in three dimensions as a testing ground and the derivative expansion at order six, we find fast convergence of critical exponents to their exact values, irrespective of the well-behaved regulator used, in full agreement with our general arguments. We hope these findings will put an end to disputes regarding this type of non-perturbative methods.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Exact critical exponents for vector operators in the 3d Ising model and conformal invariance

It is widely expected that the realization of scale invariance in the critical regime implies conformal invariance for a large class of systems. This is known to be true if there exist no integrated operator which transforms like a vector under rotations and which has scaling dimension $-1$. In this article we give exact expressions for the critical exponents of some of these vector operators. In particular, we show that one operator has scaling dimension exactly 3 in any space dimension. This operator turns out be the leading operator at least in $d=2$ and $d=4$. Moreover, we prove that the operator previously considered in Monte-Carlo simulations has also scaling dimension exactly $3$ in any dimension.

hep-th↗

Stationary, isotropic and homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence: a first non-perturbative renormalization group approach

We study the statistical properties of stationary, isotropic and homogeneous turbulence in two-dimensional (2D) flows, focusing on the direct cascade, that is on wave-numbers large compared to the integral scale, where both energy and enstrophy are provided to the fluid. Our starting point is the 2D Navier-Stokes equation in the presence of a stochastic forcing, or more precisely the associated field theory. We unveil two extended symmetries of the Navier-Stokes action which were not identified yet, one related to time-dependent (or time-gauged) shifts of the response fields and existing in both 2D and 3D, and the other to time-gauged rotations and specific to 2D flows. We derive the corresponding Ward identities, and exploit them within the non-perturbative renormalization group formalism, and the large wave-number expansion scheme developed in [Phys. Fluids {\bf 30}, 055102 (2018)]. We consider the flow equation for a generalized $n$-point correlation function, and calculate its leading order term in the large wave-number expansion. At this order, the resulting flow equation can be closed exactly. We solve the fixed point equation for the 2-point function, which yields its explicit time dependence, for both small and large time delays in the stationary turbulent state. On the other hand, at equal times, the leading order term vanishes, so we compute the next-to-leading order term. We find that the flow equations for simultaneous $n$-point correlation functions are not fully constrained by the set of extended symmetries, and discuss the consequences.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Breaking of scale invariance in the time dependence of correlation functions in isotropic and homogeneous turbulence

In this paper, we present theoretical results on the statistical properties of stationary, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in incompressible flows in three dimensions. Within the framework of the Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group, we derive a closed renormalization flow equation for a generic $n$-point correlation (and response) function for large wave-numbers with respect to the inverse integral scale. The closure is obtained from a controlled expansion and relies on extended symmetries of the Navier-Stokes field theory. It yields the exact leading behavior of the flow equation at large wave-numbers $|\vec p_i|$, and for arbitrary time differences $t_i$ in the stationary state. Furthermore, we obtain the form of the general solution of the corresponding fixed point equation, which yields the analytical form of the leading wave-number and time dependence of $n$-point correlation functions, for large wave-numbers and both for small $t_i$ and in the limit $t_i\to \infty$. At small $t_i$, the leading contribution at large wave-number is logarithmically equivalent to $-α(εL)^{2/3}|\sum t_i \vec p_i|^2$, where $α$ is a nonuniversal constant, $L$ the integral scale and $\varepsilon$ the mean energy injection rate. For the 2-point function, the $(t p)^2$ dependence is known to originate from the sweeping effect. The derived formula embodies the generalization of the effect of sweeping to $n-$point correlation functions. At large wave-number and large $t_i$, we show that the $t_i^2$ dependence in the leading order contribution crosses over to a $|t_i|$ dependence. The expression of the correlation functions in this regime was not derived before, even for the 2-point function. Both predictions can be tested in direct numerical simulations and in experiments.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Small parameters in infrared quantum chromodynamics

We study the long-distance properties of quantum chromodynamics in an expansion in powers of the three-gluon, four-gluon, and ghost-gluon couplings, but without expanding in the quark-gluon coupling. This is motivated by two observations. First, the gauge sector is well-described by perturbation theory in the context of a phenomenological model with a massive gluon. Second, the quark-gluon coupling is significantly larger than those in the gauge sector at large distances. In order to resum the contributions of the remaining infinite set of QED-like diagrams, we further expand the theory in $1/N_c$, where $N_c$ is the number of colors. At leading order, this double expansion leads to the well-known rainbow approximation for the quark propagator. We take advantage of the systematic expansion to get a renormalization-group improvement of the rainbow resummation. A simple numerical solution of the resulting coupled set of equations reproduces the phenomenology of the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking: for sufficiently large quark-gluon coupling constant, the constituent quark mass saturates when its valence mass approaches zero. We find very good agreement with lattice data for the scalar part of the propagator and explain why the vectorial part is poorly reproduced.

hep-th↗

Comment on "A structural test for the conformal invariance of the critical 3d Ising model" by S. Meneses, S. Rychkov, J. M. Viana Parente Lopes and P. Yvernay. arXiv:1802.02319

In a recent preprint [ArXiv 1802.02319], Meneses et al. challenge our proof that scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model [B. Delamotte, M. Tissier and N. Wschebor, Phys. Rev. E 93 (2016), 012144.]. We refute their arguments. We also point out a mistake in their one-loop calculation of the dimension of the vector operator $V_μ$ of lowest dimension which is not a total derivative.

hep-th↗

Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group for the Diffusive Epidemic Process

We consider the Diffusive Epidemic Process (DEP), a two-species reaction-diffusion process originally proposed to model disease spread within a population. This model exhibits a phase transition from an active epidemic to an absorbing state without sick individuals. Field-theoretic analyses suggest that this transition belongs to the universality class of Directed Percolation with a Conserved quantity (DP-C). However, some exact predictions derived from the symmetries of DP-C seem to be in contradiction with lattice simulations. Here we revisit the field theory of both DP-C and DEP. We discuss in detail the symmetries present in the various formulations of both models, some of which had not been identified previously. We then investigate the DP-C model using the derivative expansion of the non-perturbative renormalization group formalism. We recover previous results for DP-C near its upper critical dimension $d_c=4$, but show how the corresponding fixed point seems to no longer exist below $d \lesssim 3$. Consequences for the DEP universality class are considered.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

How nonperturbative is the infrared regime of Landau gauge Yang-Mills correlators?

We study the Landau gauge correlators of Yang-Mills fields for infrared Euclidean momenta in the context of a massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian which, we argue, underlies a variety of continuum approaches. Standard (perturbative) renormalization group techniques with a specific, infrared-safe renormalization scheme produce so-called decoupling and scaling solutions for the ghost and gluon propagators, which correspond to nontrivial infrared fixed points. The decoupling fixed point is infrared stable and weakly coupled, while the scaling fixed point is unstable and generically strongly coupled except for low dimensions $d\to2$. Under the assumption that such a scaling fixed point exists beyond one-loop order, we find that the corresponding ghost and gluon scaling exponents are, respectively, $2α_F=2-d$ and $2α_G=d$ at all orders of perturbation theory in the present renormalization scheme. We discuss the relation between the ghost wave function renormalization, the gluon screening mass, the scale of spectral positivity violation, and the gluon mass parameter. We also show that this scaling solution does not realize the standard Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry of the Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian. Finally, we discuss our findings in relation to the results of nonperturbative continuum methods.

hep-th↗

Spatiotemporal velocity-velocity correlation function in fully developed turbulence

Turbulence is an ubiquitous phenomenon in natural and industrial flows. Since the celebrated work of Kolmogorov in 1941, understanding the statistical properties of fully developed turbulence has remained a major quest. In particular, deriving the properties of turbulent flows from a mesoscopic description, that is from Navier-Stokes equation, has eluded most theoretical attempts. Here, we provide a theoretical prediction for the {\it space and time} dependent velocity-velocity correlation function of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence from the field theory associated to Navier-Stokes equation with stochastic forcing. This prediction is the analytical fixed-point solution of Non-Perturbative Renormalisation Group flow equations, which are exact in a certain large wave-number limit. This solution is compared to two-point two-times correlation functions computed in direct numerical simulations. We obtain a remarkable agreement both in the inertial and in the dissipative ranges.

physics.flu-dyn↗

Quark-gluon vertex from the Landau gauge Curci-Ferrari model

We investigate the quark-gluon three-point correlation function within a one-loop computation performed in the Curci-Ferrari massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov gauge-fixed action. The mass term is used as a minimal way for taking into account the influence of the Gribov ambiguity. Our results, with renormalization-group improvement, are compared with lattice data. We show that the comparison is in general very satisfactory for the functions which are compatible with chiral symmetry, except for one. We argue that this may be due to large systematic errors {when extracting this function from} lattice simulations. The quantities which break chiral symmetry are more sensitive to the details of the renormalization scheme. We however manage to reproduce some of them with good precision. The chosen parameters allow to simultaneously fit the quark mass function coming from the quark propagator with a reasonably agreement.

hep-th↗

Fully developed isotropic turbulence: nonperturbative renormalization group formalism and fixed point solution

We investigate the regime of fully developed homogeneous and isotropic turbulence of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation in the presence of a stochastic forcing, using the nonperturbative (functional) renormalization group (NPRG). Within a simple approximation based on symmetries, we obtain the fixed point solution of the NPRG flow equations that corresponds to fully developed turbulence both in $d=2$ and $d=3$ dimensions. Deviations to the dimensional scalings (Kolmogorov in $d=3$ or Kraichnan-Batchelor in $d=2$) are found for the two-point functions. To further analyze these deviations, we derive exact flow equations in the large wave-number limit, and show that the fixed point does not entail the usual scale invariance, thereby identifying the mechanism for the emergence of intermittency within the NPRG framework. The purpose of this work is to provide a detailed basis for NPRG studies of NS turbulence, the determination of the ensuing intermittency exponents is left for future work.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model

Using Wilson renormalization group, we show that if no integrated vector operator of scaling dimension $-1$ exists, then scale invariance implies conformal invariance. By using the Lebowitz inequalities, we prove that this necessary condition is fulfilled in all dimensions for the Ising universality class. This shows, in particular, that scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

The ordered phase of $O(N)$ model within the Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group

In the present article we analyze Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group flow equations in the order phase of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $O(N)$ invariant scalar models in the derivative expansion approximation scheme. We first address the behavior of the leading order approximation (LPA), discussing for which regulators the flow is smooth and gives a convex free energy and when it becomes singular. We improve the exact known solutions in the "internal" region of the potential and exploit this solution in order to implement a numerical algorithm that is much more stable that previous ones for $N>1$. After that, we study the flow equations at second order of the Derivative Expansion and analyze how and when LPA results change. We also discuss the evolution of field renormalization factors.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Fully developed isotropic turbulence: symmetries and exact identities

We consider the regime of fully developed isotropic and homogeneous turbulence of the Navier-Stokes equation with a stochastic forcing. We present two gauge symmetries of the corresponding Navier-Stokes field theory, and derive the associated general Ward identities. Furthermore, by introducing a local source bilinear in the velocity field, we show that these symmetries entail an infinite set of exact and local relations between correlation functions. They include in particular the Kármán-Howarth relation and another exact relation for a pressure-velocity correlation function recently derived in Ref. [G. Falkovich, I. Fouxon, Y. Oz,J. Fluid Mech. 644, 465 (2010)], that we further generalize.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Strong-coupling phases of the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation

We study the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation using nonperturbative renormalization group methods. In contrast to a previous analysis in the weak-coupling regime we find the strong coupling fixed point corresponding to the isotropic rough phase to be always locally stable and unaffected by the anisotropy even at non-integer dimensions. Apart from the well-known weak coupling and the now well established isotropic strong coupling behavior, we find an anisotropic strong coupling fixed point for nonlinear couplings of opposite signs at non-integer dimensions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Two-point correlation functions of QCD in the Landau gauge

We investigate the gluon, ghost and quark propagators in the Landau gauge with dynamic quarks. We perform a one-loop calculation in a model where the standard Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian is complemented by a mass term for the gluons which is seen as a minimal way of taking into account the effect of the Gribov copies. The analytic results are compared with lattice data obtained in four dimension and for two, three and four quark flavors. The gluon and ghost propagators are reproduced with a few percent accuracy in the whole range of accessible momenta. The scalar part of the quark propagator is found to be in good agreement with the lattice data. However, the quark renormalization is poorly described. We attribute this discrepancy to the fact that the one-loop corrections to this quantity are unusually small so that the two loop contribution can not be discarded. The results are expressed in terms of the coupling, the gluon mass and the light quark mass at 1 GeV.

hep-th↗