arXiv subjects

Partha Ghose

Publications and source records attributed to Partha Ghose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Electrodynamics as a Theory of Persistent Stochastic Processes

A process-theoretic approach to electrodynamics based on persistent Kac-type stochastic processes is developed. Finite-velocity stochastic propagation is taken as primary, while relativistic wave equations arise as emergent descriptions after analytic continuation of Telegrapher-type dynamics. The Dirac and Maxwell equations are interpreted as arising from closely related persistent propagation structures differing only in spin representation. The framework is not intended to modify the successful empirical predictions of quantum electrodynamics, but to provide a different underlying ontology. Particles and fields are not treated as primitive entities with fixed intrinsic properties. Instead, relativistic particle and field structures emerge as stable collective modes of coupled persistent stochastic dynamics. Mass and charge acquire interpretations respectively as persistence and stochastic coupling scales. Stationary bound states are interpreted as metastable persistent stochastic modes with nontrivial internal sector dynamics. Spontaneous emission is viewed as stochastic destabilization of such modes, while stimulated emission arises through resonant synchronization of persistent transition currents by incident radiation. Gauge interactions are introduced at the level of propagation-sector amplitudes prior to the emergence of observable probabilities. Radiative effects, including the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, are interpreted as effective stochastic dressing of coupled matter--radiation processes. Some comments on gauge symmetry, equilibration and the Standard Model are also included.

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arXiv2026

Leggett--Garg Tests in Neural Dynamics: Probing Non-Diffusive Stochastic Structure in Single Neurons

We propose an experimental programme to test Leggett--Garg-type temporal correlations in single-neuron dynamics. The goal is to distinguish between diffusive (Wiener/cable-equation) models and non-diffusive persistent stochastic models based on Kac-type finite-velocity processes leading to the Telegrapher's equation. We show that while purely diffusive dynamics satisfies Leggett--Garg inequalities, persistent stochastic dynamics can produce oscillatory temporal correlations capable of violating these inequalities. The Leggett--Garg inequality may be viewed as a temporal analogue of Bell-type constraints. In the present context, however, violation is interpreted conservatively not as evidence of microscopic quantum coherence, but as evidence against a simple trajectory-based diffusive description. The resulting temporal correlations indicate persistence, memory, and contextual temporal structure mathematically analogous to that encountered in quantum systems. Using the analytic continuation connecting Kac processes to Dirac-like envelope equations, we argue that finite-velocity persistent stochastic transport provides a natural mechanism for such non-diffusive temporal correlations. These tests therefore offer a possible experimental probe of contextual and non-Markovian structure in neural dynamics without requiring claims of microscopic quantum coherence in the brain.

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arXiv2026

Contextuality, Locality, and the Interpretation of Bell Violations

The ontological significance of violations of Bell inequalities is reexamined. Bell's theorem admits several mathematically equivalent formulations that support different interpretive perspectives. The present paper develops one such perspective using contextuality, the sheaf-theoretic framework of Abramsky and Brandenburger, and Nelson's stochastic mechanics.

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arXiv2026

Nelson's Stochastic Mechanics: Measurement, Nonlocality, and the Classical Limit

Nelson's stochastic mechanics may be understood as a stochastic underpinning, or reconstruction, of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, once the diffusion scale is fixed by $\hbar$ and the admissible states are restricted by the usual single-valuedness condition on the wavefunction. In this note I briefly indicate what this route achieves and why it remains conceptually attractive. Four advantages are emphasized. First, it supplies a clear configuration-space stochastic picture of the underlying processes. Second, the Born rule is built in from the outset, with $|\psi|^2$ arising as the probability density $\rho$ of the underlying diffusion process rather than as an independent postulate. Third, it offers a markedly different perspective on measurement and nonlocality: in particular, collapse need not be treated as an extra axiom, and the nonlocality associated with entangled states is softened relative to the deterministic Bohmian guidance picture. Fourth, by tying quantumness to a diffusion scale, it naturally suggests a continuum of physical descriptions ranging from the strictly classical to the strictly quantum-mechanical regime. I conclude by proposing a natural distance scale in stochastic mechanics and examining its implications for testing possible limits of Bell correlations.

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arXiv2026

What Kind of World Supports Darwinian Evolution? Quantum Foundational Options

Darwinian evolution requires (i) heritable records, (ii) repeatable copying with variation, and (iii) routine irreversibility. Categorical quantum mechanics (CQM) makes precise why ``copy'' and ``delete'' are not generic quantum operations: they exist only for a realized \emph{classical data} sector (a preferred basis/observable; a commutative structure). Decoherence explains how a pointer basis can be selected dynamically, but it does not by itself select a unique outcome. This motivates a neutral presentation of the main ontological options (unique-history, decohered multiplicity, agent-relative facticity, and a stochastic foundation with variable diffusion). We also note the relevance of the ``agency constraint'' argued by Adlam-McQueen-Waegell: in a strictly coherent, basis-unselected ``purely quantum'' regime, minimal agency fails due to no-cloning and linearity, which sharpens the role of classical resources for record-based processes. Extended Wigner's Friend scenarios then serve as a stress test, since they treat ``friends'' simultaneously as coherent quantum systems and as agents possessing stable records. Finally, a stochastic-mechanics foundation (with variable diffusion) offers a continuous bridge between quantum and classical regimes, and suggests a principled way to implement measurement update as conditioning plus a time-symmetric minimal-change rule.

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arXiv2026

Bell-like States in Classical Optics: A Process-Theoretic and Sheaf-Theoretic (Categorical) Clarification

Classical polarization optics is naturally described by a two-dimensional complex Hilbert space (Jones vectors), so the tensor-product kinematics underlying bipartite nonseparability is already available classically. For statistical (stochastic) optical fields, and under an operational stance where outcomes are not assumed pre-assigned prior to detection, suitably prepared two-beam polarization states can exhibit Bell--CHSH correlations of quantum strength. The same platform offers a tunable, low-cost testbed for stress-testing Bell/CHSH and contextuality witnesses under realistic imperfections (noise, coarse binning, selective sampling). We also outline an alternative preparation based on external conical refraction (ECR), where engineered intersecting conical-refraction rings mimic the intersecting emission cones of SPDC. We give a self-contained categorical formulation: the preparation-and-conditioning pipeline (Hadamard-like splitting, CNOT-like coupling, and routing/conditioning that removes unwanted contributions) is treated as a single morphism in an operational process theory (e.g. $\mathbf{CPM}(\mathbf{FHilb})$). From it we functorially extract an empirical model, i.e. a compatible family of context-indexed probability distributions. The Abramsky--Brandenburger sheaf criterion then applies: noncontextuality is the existence of a global section, and CHSH violation is a precise failure-to-glue. This separates kinematic nonseparability from operational contextuality and clarifies why neither, by itself, entails nonlocal causation; contextuality can arise in a classically implementable stochastic-optics regime.

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arXiv2026

Indefinite Causal Order from Failure-to-Glue: Contextual Semantics and Parametric Time

Indefinite causal order (ICO) has been studied via higher-order quantum processes (e.g.\ the quantum switch), process matrices, and quantum-gravity proposals involving superposed causal structure, yet the meaning of ``indefiniteness'' and its relation to definite-order explanations often remain opaque. Part~I develops a category-theoretic formulation of definite-order explainability as a gluing problem: each definite causal ordering (a partial order/DAG type) is treated as a context, and causal separability amounts to a consistent global section (possibly after convex mixing), whereas causal nonseparability is a failure-to-glue. We also introduce a compact seven-valued contextual classifier -- an intuitionistic elaboration -- that separates variation across contexts from genuine indeterminacy. Part~II applies this framework to a quantum-gravity motivated setting where the fundamental time is a parametric ordering variable $\tau$, distinct from geometric (spacetime) time. Adopting a stochastic-quantization perspective on spin-network dynamics (Hilbert space not assumed fundamental) and reading the Wheeler--DeWitt condition as an equilibrium/stationarity constraint, we interpret ICO as indeterminacy of the parametric order of coarse-grained relational interventions, even when the microscopic update process is globally ordered by $\tau$. Together, the two parts provide a common language for comparing ICO criteria and for stating precisely what ``no hidden definite order'' means.

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arXiv2026

Einstein's Worries and Actual Physics: Beyond Pilot Waves

Tim Maudlin has argued that the standard formulation of quantum mechanics fails to provide a clear ontology and dynamics and that the de Broglie--Bohm pilot-wave theory offers a better completion of the formalism, more in line with Einstein's concerns. I suggest that while Bohmian mechanics improves on textbook quantum theory, it does not go far enough. In particular, it relies on the ``quantum equilibrium hypothesis'' and accepts explicit nonlocality as fundamental. A deeper completion is available in stochastic mechanics, where the wavefunction and the Born rule emerge from an underlying diffusion process, and in a contextual, category-theoretic semantics in which measurement and EPR--Bell correlations are reinterpreted as features of contextual truth rather than of mysterious dynamics. In this framework, the measurement problem and ``spooky action-at-a-distance'' are dissolved rather than solved. Finally, a dynamics based on Rosen's ``classical Schr\"odinger equation'' provides a continuous passage between quantum and classical regimes, eliminating any sharp Heisenberg cut.

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arXiv2025

The Quantum Rashomon Effect as a Failure of Gluing

Recently Szangolies has argued (in the setting of extended Wigner's-friend scenarios) that quantum theory permits ``Rashomon'' situations: multiple internally coherent accounts of events that cannot be combined into a single, consistent global narrative. This note explains why the Rashomon phenomenon can be understood as a \emph{failure of gluing}: local descriptions over different contexts exist, but they do not admit a single global ``all-perspectives-at-once'' description. This is the same mathematical obstruction that underlies modern sheaf-theoretic treatments of contextuality. I then indicate why the same perspective is useful in parts of the social sciences (quantum-like modelling of cognition, judgment, and decision-making), where ``context effects'' can likewise be interpreted as the absence of a single joint probability space.

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arXiv2025

Measurement as Sheafification: Context, Logic, and Truth after Quantum Mechanics

Quantum measurement is commonly posed as a dynamical tension between linear Schr\"odinger evolution and an ad hoc collapse rule. I argue that the deeper conflict is logical: quantum theory is inherently contextual, whereas the classical tradition presupposes a single global, Boolean valuation. Building on Bohr's complementarity, the Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen argument and Bell's theorem, I recast locality and completeness as the existence of a global section of a presheaf of value assignments over the category of measurement contexts. The absence of global sections expresses the impossibility of context-independent description, and \v{C}ech cohomology measures the resulting obstruction. The internal logic of the presheaf topos is intuitionistic, and the seven-valued contextual logic proposed by Ghose and Patra is exhibited as a finite Heyting algebra capturing patterns of truth, falsity and indeterminacy across incompatible contexts. Classical physics corresponds to the sheaf case, where compatible local data glue and Boolean logic is effectively restored. Measurement is therefore reinterpreted as sheafification of presheaf-valued truth rather than as a physical breakdown of unitarity. Finally, a $\sigma$--$\lambda$ dynamics motivated by stochastic mechanics provides a continuous interpolation between strongly contextual and approximately classical regimes, dissolving the usual measurement paradoxes and apparent nonlocality as artefacts of an illegitimate demand for global truth.

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arXiv2025

Quantum, Stochastic, and Classical Dynamics Within A Single Geometric Framework

Nelson's stochastic mechanics links quantum mechanics to an underlying Brownian motion with the identification $\hbar = m\sigma$. Ghose's interpolating equation introduces a continuous parameter $\lambda$ that suppresses the quantum potential $Q[\psi]$ and yields a smooth transition between quantum ($\lambda=0$) and classical ($\lambda=1$) regimes. In this short note, we show that the Koopman--von Neumann (KvN) Hilbert-space formulation of classical mechanics emerges naturally as the $\lambda \to 1$ limit of this stochastic $\sigma$--$\lambda$ hierarchy. The KvN phase-space amplitude provides an operator representation of the classical Liouville equation, while the $\lambda$ parameter acts as a projection flow from the complex projective Hilbert manifold $\mathbb{C}P^n$ to its classical quotient $\mathbb{C}P^*/U(1)$, implementing phase superselection. This unified picture links quantum, stochastic, and classical dynamics within a single continuous framework.

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arXiv2025

Spinning into Quantum Geometry: Dirac and Wheeler-DeWitt Dynamics from Stochastic Helicity

Spin networks in loop quantum gravity provide a kinematical picture of quantum geometry but lack a natural mechanism for dynamical Dirac-type evolution, while the Wheeler--DeWitt equation typically enters only as an imposed constraint. We propose a stochastic framework in which each spin-network edge carries helicity-resolved amplitudes -- two-state internal labels that undergo Poisson-driven flips. The resulting coupled master equations, after analytic continuation and the introduction of a fundamental length scale, generate Dirac-type dynamics on discrete geometry. At long times, the same process relaxes to helicity-symmetric equilibrium states, which are shown to satisfy a Wheeler--DeWitt-type condition. In this way, both quantum evolution and the gravitational constraint emerge within a single probabilistic framework. Our approach thus provides a background-independent and stochastic route to quantum geometry, offering an alternative to canonical quantization and a fresh perspective on the problem of time.

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arXiv2025

A Contextual Seven-Valued Logic (\emph{Saptabhang\=inaya}) for Quantum Systems

The quantum measurement problem is often presented as a conflict between unitary evolution and non-unitary collapse. Drawing on Wittgenstein's later philosophy of language and Bohr's principle of complementarity, we argue that this conflict is a grammatical illusion arising from cross-context conflations. To address this, we introduce a contextual seven-valued logic modeled on the Jaina doctrine of \emph{saptabhang\=inaya} (sevenfold predication). In one formulation, each proposition is assigned a triplet $(t,f,u)$ indicating its status as true, false, or unsayable within a given context, with paraconsistent rules blocking triviality. In another, contexts are explicitly formalized through quantified conditionals, aligning directly with Bohr's view that meaning derives from experimental arrangements. By comparing these two complementary approaches, we show how canonical paradoxes--including Schr\"odinger's cat and Wigner's friend--dissolve once context is made explicit. The result is a flexible logical framework that reconciles Wittgensteinian conceptual therapy, Bohr's complementarity, and the Jaina pluralistic tradition, offering a coherent semantics for quantum discourse.

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arXiv2025

Bose's Probabilistic Interactions, Einstein's Objections, and Their Legacy in Quantum Optics and Stochastic Mechanics

In 1924, S. N. Bose proposed (i) a new counting method for photons and (ii) a probabilistic law of microscopic matter-radiation interactions, treating emission and absorption as two aspects of a single, field-dependent process. While Einstein enthusiastically extended Bose's counting to material particles, he sharply criticized the probabilistic law, invoking detailed balance and the correspondence principle. This paper argues that (i) once one distinguishes encounter probabilities from transition rates, Einstein's concerns can be reconciled, and (ii) that modern quantum optics and cavity QED vindicate Bose's core intuition: ``spontaneous'' emission is not an intrinsic property of an isolated atom, as Einstein had assumed, but emerges from its coupling to the quantized field, with the rate set by the local photonic mode structure (LDOS/Purcell effect), all while satisfying Einstein's correspondence requirement in the classical (high-intensity) limit. It is further suggested that stochastic-mechanics models--persistent random walks leading to the telegrapher's equation, with diffusive and chiral limits yielding the Schr\"{o}dinger and Dirac equations--accord more closely with Bose's view of fundamental randomness than standard quantum mechanics, and furnish a mesoscopic bridge that reconciles micro-level stochasticity with Einstein's demand for the correct classical limit.

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arXiv2025

Testing quantum-like markers in neural dynamics

We propose two experiments for identifying quantum markers in neural data based on quantum variants of well-known equations for neural activity that describe electrical signal propagation on axonal arbors and dendrites. These include (i) testing if power spectra from subthreshold oscillations in neuronal cultures follow the classical Fitzgugh-Nagumo equations or a recently introduced quantum variant of them and (ii) testing if propagation statistics of electrical activity in axons follow the classical diffusive cable equation or a quantum variant of it.

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arXiv2025

A New Approach to Unification

This paper presents a new perspective on unifying all fundamental interactions--gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong--based on stochastic processes rather than conventional quantum mechanics. Earlier work by Nelson, Kac and others have established that key quantum features such as the Schr\"{o}dinger and Dirac equations together with the Born rule can be derived from classical random processes involving finite speeds and probabilistic reversals. A fundamental length scale, inherent for dimensional consistency, regularizes the infinities that typically plague conventional field theories. The method can be used to quantize electrodynamics as well as linear gravity, using the Riemann-Silberstein vector and its generalization. To include fields beyond electromagnetism, the Riemann-Silberstein vector can be generalized to describe non-Abelian gauge fields without relying on gauge symmetry. These fields can be coupled to spin networks--geometric structures that discretize space--leading to a unified framework that includes both matter and geometrty. In the large-scale limit, the model reproduces familiar quantum field behaviour, while remaining finite and background-independent at the fundamental level. The emergence of equilibrium states resembling Wheeler-DeWill constraints in gravity adds further depth, suggesting a novel route to quantum gravity and unification grounded in physical stochasticity rather than quantization rules.

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arXiv2025

Stochastic Quantization of Electrodynamics and Linearized Gravity

We develop a unified stochastic framework in which a velocity- and helicity-reversing Poisson process gives rise to the Telegrapher's equation. Analytic continuation to the complex plane results in Dirac-like evolution equations for electromagnetic and linearized gravitational fields. A small but nonzero mass parameter is essential to enable helicity reversals. Yet, the correct massless wave equations are recovered as the physically relevant massless limit is approached smoothly, with the singular point excluded from the construction. Remarkably, probability does not enter as an external postulate as in the Born rule in standard quantum mechanics -- but is intrinsic to the stochastic process. This probabilistic structure becomes embedded in the wave fields through a natural rescaling by the Planck length.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Context and Complementarity: Formalizing Bohr's Vision through Many-Valued Contextual Logic

Quantum mechanics challenges classical intuitions of space, time, and causality via the superposition principle, which allows systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously. Niels Bohr addressed these paradoxes through his Complementarity Principle, asserting that mutually exclusive properties-such as wave and particle behaviour-are jointly necessary for a complete description of quantum systems. Bohr also emphasized contextuality, the idea that measurement outcomes depend on the broader experimental setup. Despite his profound insights, Bohr did not offer a formal logical framework for these concepts. We address this gap by generalizing Reichenbach's three-valued logic into a seven-valued, formally contextual system, where contextuality is explicitly encoded via existential quantifiers. This logic retains Reichenbach's indeterminate value while modelling conditional truths across incompatible measurements, resolving key quantum paradoxes without logical inconsistency or nonlocality. Our approach draws inspiration from Jain logic which embraces multiple, context-dependent truths. Beyond quantum theory, this framework has potential applications in perceptual psychology and cognitive science, where context and contradiction also play central roles. The aim is to extend Bohr's legacy by equipping his epistemological vision with rigorous, many-valued logical tools.

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