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Partha Ghose

Publications and source records attributed to Partha Ghose.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2025

Context and Complementarity: Formalizing Bohr's Vision through Many-Valued Contextual Logic

Quantum mechanics challenges classical intuitions of space, time, and causality via the superposition principle, which allows systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously. Niels Bohr addressed these paradoxes through his Complementarity Principle, asserting that mutually exclusive properties-such as wave and particle behaviour-are jointly necessary for a complete description of quantum systems. Bohr also emphasized contextuality, the idea that measurement outcomes depend on the broader experimental setup. Despite his profound insights, Bohr did not offer a formal logical framework for these concepts. We address this gap by generalizing Reichenbach's three-valued logic into a seven-valued, formally contextual system, where contextuality is explicitly encoded via existential quantifiers. This logic retains Reichenbach's indeterminate value while modelling conditional truths across incompatible measurements, resolving key quantum paradoxes without logical inconsistency or nonlocality. Our approach draws inspiration from Jain logic which embraces multiple, context-dependent truths. Beyond quantum theory, this framework has potential applications in perceptual psychology and cognitive science, where context and contradiction also play central roles. The aim is to extend Bohr's legacy by equipping his epistemological vision with rigorous, many-valued logical tools.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2024

Derivation of a Schrödinger Equation for Single Neurons Through Stochastic Neural Dynamics

Despite the prevalent view that quantum mechanics is irrelevant to macroscopic biological systems because of inherent noise and decoherence, this paper demonstrates that the electrical noise (Brownian motion) in neuron membranes gives rise to an `emergent' Schrödinger equation involving a new neuronal constant $\hat{\hbar}$, fundamentally challenging the standard view of neuronal behaviour. This result could provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of brain function, thus challenging existing paradigms in both quantum physics and neuroscience. A possible empirical test of this emergent quantum behaviour would be to look for quantum fluctuations in subthreshold neural oscillations.

q-bio.NC↗
arXiv2024

Intersystem Non-separability and CHSH-Bell Violations in Classical Optics

A method is proposed to produce a classical optical state that is `intersystem nonseparable' and a close analog of the $ϕ^+$ Bell state. A derivation of the CHSH-Bell inequality is sketched within the framework of classical polarization optics, using non-contextuality for factorizable states as an axiom rather than any hidden variable theory. It is shown that the classical state violates this inequality.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

The Story of Bose, Photon Spin and Indistinguishability

As we approach the centenary of the discovery of quantum statistics in 1924, it is important to revisit Bose's original derivation of Planck's law usually ignored in most standard presentations of Bose-Einstein statistics. It introduced not only the novel concept of the indistinguishability of photons but also of their intrinsic spin, a fact unknown to most physicists.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2023

Relationship between classical and quantum mechanics in micellar aqueous solutions of surfactants

Micellar aqueous solutions of ionic surfactants have been observed to exhibit proton delocalization (the nuclear quantum effect) and to oscillate between a low density (LDL) and a high density (HDL) state of water state at a fixed temperature. It is shown in this paper that such phenomena can be explained with the help of the interpolating Schrödinger equation proposed by Ghose (Ghose, 2002). The nuclear quantum effect can be described by the tunneling of a harmonic oscillator in a symmetric double-well potential, and an ensemble of harmonic oscillators can model the LDL-HDL oscillations. The thermodynamics of such harmonic oscillators has been worked out showing continuous transitions between the quantum and classical limits.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2022

Random Thoughts on Quantum Mechanics

Here are a few random thoughts on the interpretations of the quantum double slit experiment, the Mach Zehnder experiment, the delayed-choice experiment and the measurement problem.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

A Conformally Invariant Unified Theory of Maxwell Fields and Linearized Gravity as Emergent Fields

A Lorentz and conformally invariant `Schrödinger-like' equation for a massless complex scalar function $ψ$ is derived from an invariant action, and it is shown how the same $ψ$ can be used to calculate both the gravitational field $h_{μν}$ of linearized Einstein gravity in the TT gauge and the electromagnetic field $F_{μν}$ in the Lorenz gauge, and that the main difference between classical and quantum aspects of such fields lies in a certain condition that the underlying scalar wave must satisfy to keep it nondispersive. It is also shown how the existence of gravitons can be inferred from the state-dependent quantum noise they create in a model detector.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2020

Unveiling A Hidden Classical-Quantum Link

The conceptual divide between classical physics and quantum mechanics has not been satisfactorily bridged as yet. The purpose of this paper is to show that such a bridge exists naturally in the Green-Wolf complex scalar representation of electromagnetic fields and its extension to massive fields. The quantum mechanical theory of radiation that follows from the the Green-Wolf representation is applied to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) regarded as a universal medium, and the implications are explored.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2018

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism II A Geometric Theory

It is shown that unification of gravity and electromagnetism can be achieved using an affine non-symmetric connection $Γ^λ_{μν} \neq Γ^λ_{νμ}$ and $Γ_μ= Γ^λ_{[μλ]}\neq 0$. $Γ_μ$ is shown to be the source of the electromagnetic field. This unification is based on {\em projective invariance} which is broken by matter fields, opening up the possibility of a unified theory of all forces in which gravity emerges as a classical field.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism Revisited

Unification of gravity and electromagnetism based on a theory with an affine non-symmetric connection $Γ^λ_{μν} \neq Γ^λ_{νμ}$ and $Γ_μ= Γ^λ_{[μλ]}\neq 0$, proposed by S. N. Bose in 1953, is revisited in the context of modern developments in high energy physics. It is shown that electrogravity unification can be achieved at a {\em premetric} stage, and that this unification based on {\em projective invariance} is broken by matter fields, opening up the possibility of a unified theory of all forces in which gravity emerges as a classical field. The theory predicts $α_{sym} = \frac{1}{9}$ in the projective invariant limit, where $α$ is the fine structure constant

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism and Cosmology

It is first argued that radiation by a uniformly accelerated charge in flat space-time indicates the need for a unified geometric theory of gravity and electromagnetism. Such a theory, based on a metric-affine $U_4$ manifold, is constructed with the torsion pseudo-vector $Γ_μ$ linking gravity and electromagnetism. This conceptually simple extension results in (i) Einstein's equations being modified by a vacuum energy $Γ_μΓ_ν$ and a scalar field $Γ= Γ^μΓ_μ$ whose zero-mode is a cosmological constant $Λ$ representing `dark energy', (ii) most of the salient features of `dark matter'-like phenomena, (iii) a modified electrodynamics satisfying Heaviside duality, (iv) a finite and small Casimir Effect, and at the same time, (v) the empirical Schuster-Blackett-Wilson relation for the amazingly universal gyromagnetic ratio of slowly rotating, neutral astrophysical bodies.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2018

A Cosmology Inspired Unified Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetism: Classical and Quantum Aspects

Milne cosmology has recently been shown to be in broad agreement with most cosmological data while being free of the problematic notions of standard cosmology such as the dark sector. In this paper a broken symmetric unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism is introduced which has a Milne metric under a certain geometric condition. Strikingly, particles (dyons) emerge as topological charges in this theory provided the torsion vector $Γ_i$ is curl-less.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2018

Possibility of Entanglement at LIGO!

It is shown that a linearized classical gravity wave $\hat{a}$ {\em la} Einstein can get entangled with an array of test masses in a plane perpendicular to its direction of propagation. A Bell-CHSH inequality based on the requirement of noncontextuality for classical realism is derived, and it is shown that the entangled state produced violates this inequality.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

The Quantum-like Face of Classical Mechanics

It is first shown that when the Schrödinger equation for a wave function is written in the polar form, complete information about the system's {\em quantum-ness} is separated out in a single term $Q$, the so called `quantum potential'. An operator method for classical mechanics described by a `classical Schrödinger equation' is then presented, and its similarities and differences with quantum mechanics are pointed out. It is shown how this operator method goes beyond standard classical mechanics in predicting coherent superpositions of classical states but no interference patterns, challenging deeply held notions of classical-ness, quantum-ness and macro realism. It is also shown that measurement of a quantum system with a classical measuring apparatus described by the operator method does not have the measurement problem that is unavoidable when the measuring apparatus is quantum mechanical. The type of decoherence that occurs in such a measurement is contrasted with the conventional decoherence mechanism. The method also provides a more convenient basis to delve deeper into the area of quantum-classical correspondence and information processing than exists at present.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2017

Continuous Transitions Between Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics

The Maxwell equations in the presence of sources are first derived without making use of the potentials and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for classical electrodynamics is written down. The manifestly gauge invariant theory is then quantized to write down the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in quantum electrodynamics. Finally, an interpolating field theory is proposed that describes continuous transitions between quantum and classical electrodynamics. It is shown that energy flow lines are identical for quantum and classical fields in the case of the double-slit arrangement but differ in the case of vortex beams.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2017

Continuous Quantum-Classical Transitions and Measurement: A Relook

The measurement problem in quantum mechanics originates in the inability of the Schrödinger equation to predict definite outcomes of measurements. This is due to the lack of objectivity of the eigenstates of the measuring apparatus. Such objectivity can be achieved if a unified realist conceptual framework can be formulated in terms of wave functions and operators acting on them for both the quantum and classical domains. Such a framework was proposed and an equation for the wave function (13, 14) smoothly interpolates between the quantum and classical limits. The arguments leading to the equation are clarified in this paper, and the theory is developed further. The measurement problem in quantum mechanics is then briefly reviewed and re-examined from the point of view of this theory, and it is shown how the classical limit of the wave function of the measuring apparatus leads to a natural solution of the problem of definite measurement outcomes without the need for either collapse or pragmatic thermodynamic arguments. This is consistent with Bohr's emphasis on the primacy of classical concepts and classical measuring devices. Possible tests of the theory using low-dimensional systems such as quantum dots are indicated.

quant-ph↗