arXiv subjects

Pedro Duarte

Publications and source records attributed to Pedro Duarte.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Scattering amplitudes and contour deformations

We employ a scalar model to exemplify the use of contour deformations when solving Lorentz-invariant integral equations for scattering amplitudes. In particular, we calculate the onshell 2 -> 2 scattering amplitude for the scalar system. The integrals produce branch cuts in the complex plane of the integrand which prohibit a naive Euclidean integration path. By employing contour deformations, we can also access the kinematical regions associated with the scattering amplitude in Minkowski space. We show that in principle a homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation, together with analytic continuation methods such as the Resonances-via-Padé method, is sufficient to determine the resonance pole locations on the second Riemann sheet. However, the scalar model investigated here does not produce resonance poles above threshold but instead virtual states on the real axis of the second sheet, which pose difficulties for analytic continuation methods. To address this, we calculate the scattering amplitude on the second sheet directly using the two-body unitarity relation which follows from the scattering equation.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

Asymptotic Poincaré Maps along the edges of Polytopes

For a class of flows on polytopes, including many examples from Evolutionary Game Theory, we describe a piecewise linear model which encapsulates the asymptotic dynamics along the heteroclinic network formed out of the polytope's vertexes and edges. This piecewise linear flow is easy to compute even in higher dimensions, which allows the usage of numeric algorithms to find invariant dynamical structures such as periodic, homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits, which if robust persist as invariant dynamical structures of the original flow. We apply this method to prove the existence of chaotic behavior in some Hamiltonian replicator systems on the five dimensional simplex.

math.DS↗

arXiv2018

A random cocycle with non Hölder Lyapunov exponent

We provide an example of a Schrödinger cocycle over a mixing Markov shift for which the integrated density of states has a very weak modulus of continuity, close to the log-Hölder lower bound established by W. Craig and B. Simon. This model is based upon a classical example due to Y. Kifer of a random Bernoulli cocycle with zero Lyapunov exponents which is not strongly irreducible. It follows that the Lyapunov exponent of a Bernoulli cocycle near this Kifer example cannot be Hölder or weak-Hölder continuous, thus providing a limitation on the modulus of continuity of the Lyapunov exponent of random cocycles.

math.DS↗

arXiv2018

Large deviations for products of random two dimensional matrices

We establish large deviation type estimates for i.i.d. products of two dimensional random matrices with finitely supported probability distribution. The estimates are stable under perturbations and require no irreducibility assumptions. In consequence, we obtain a uniform local modulus of continuity for the corresponding Lyapunov exponent regarded as a function of the support of the distribution. This in turn has consequences on the modulus of continuity of the integrated density of states and on the localization properties of random Jacobi operators.

math.DS↗

arXiv2018

Isospectral Reduction in Infinite Graphs

L. A. Bunimovich and B. Z. Webb developed a theory for transforming a finite weighted graph while preserving its spectrum, referred as isospectral reduction theory. In this work we extend this theory to a class of operators on Banach spaces that include Markov type operators. We apply this theory to infinite countable weighted graphs admitting a finite structural set to calculate the stationary measures of a family of countable Markov chains.

math.DS↗

arXiv2017

On the attractor of piecewise expanding maps of the interval

We consider piecewise expanding maps of the interval with finitely many branches of monotonicity and show that they are generically combinatorially stable, i.e., the number of ergodic attractors and their corresponding mixing periods do not change under small perturbations of the map. Our methods provide a topological description of the attractor and, in particular, give an elementary proof of the density of periodic orbits.

math.DS↗

arXiv2017

Topological obstructions to dominated splitting for ergodic translations on the higher dimensional torus

Consider the space of analytic, quasi-periodic cocycles on the higher dimensional torus. We provide examples of cocycles with nontrivial Lyapunov spectrum, whose homotopy classes do not contain any cocycles satisfying the dominated splitting property. This shows that the main result in the recent work "Complex one-frequency cocycles" by A. Ávila, S. Jitomirskaya and C. Sadel does not hold in the higher dimensional torus setting.

math.DS↗

arXiv2017

Approximating Lyapunov exponents and stationary measures

We give a new proof of E. Le Page's theorem on the Holder continuity of the first Lyapunov exponent in the class of irreducible Bernoulli cocycles. This suggests an algorithm to approximate the first Lyapunov exponent, as well as the stationary measure, for such random cocycles.

math.DS↗

arXiv2017

Continuity, positivity and simplicity of the Lyapunov exponents for quasi-periodic cocycles

An analytic quasi-periodic cocycle is a linear cocycle over a fixed ergodic torus translation of one or several variables, where the fiber action depends analytically on the base point. Consider the space of all such cocycles of any given dimension and endow it with the uniform norm. Assume that the translation vector satisfies a generic Diophantine condition. We prove large deviation type estimates for the iterates of such cocycles, which, moreover, are stable under small perturbations of the cocycle. As a consequence of these uniform estimates, we establish continuity properties of the Lyapunov exponents regarded as functions on this space of cocycles. This result builds upon our previous work on this topic and its proof uses an abstract continuity theorem of the Lyapunov exponents which we derived in a recent monograph. The new feature of this paper is extending the availability of such results to cocycles that are identically singular (i.e. non-invertible anywhere), in the several variables torus translation setting. This feature is exactly what allows us, through a simple limiting argument, to obtain criteria for the positivity and simplicity of the Lyapunov exponents of such cocycles. Specializing to the family of cocycles corresponding to a block Jacobi operator, we derive consequences on the continuity, positivity and simplicity of its Lyapunov exponents, and on the continuity of its integrated density of states.

math.DS↗

arXiv2016

Hyperbolic billiards on polytopes with contracting reflection laws

We study billiards on polytopes in $\Rr^d$ with contracting reflection laws, i.e. non-standard reflection laws that contract the reflection angle towards the normal. We prove that billiards on generic polytopes are uniformly hyperbolic provided there exists a positive integer $k$ such that for any $k$ consecutive collisions, the corresponding normals of the faces of the polytope where the collisions took place generate $\Rr^d$. As an application of our main result we prove that billiards on generic polytopes are uniformly hyperbolic if either the contracting reflection law is sufficiently close to the specular or the polytope is obtuse. Finally, we study in detail the billiard on a family of $3$-dimensional simplexes.

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Conservative and Dissipative Polymatrix Replicators

In this paper we address a class of replicator dynamics, referred as polymatrix replicators, that contains well known classes of evolutionary game dynamics, such as the symmetric and asymmetric (or bimatrix) replicator equations, and some replicator equations for $n$-person games. Polymatrix replicators form a simple class of algebraic o.d.e.'s on prisms (products of simplexes), which describe the evolution of strategical behaviours within a po\-pu\-lation stratified in $n\geq 1$ social groups. In the 80's Raymond Redheffer et al. developed a theory on the class of stably dissipative Lotka-Volterra systems. This theory is built around a reduction algorithm that "infers" the localization of the system' s attractor in some affine subspace. It was later proven that the dynamics on the attractor of such systems is always embeddable in a Hamiltonian Lotka-Volterra system. In this paper we extend these results to polymatrix replicators.

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Hyperbolic polygonal billiards with finitely many ergodic SRB measures

We study polygonal billiards with reflection laws contracting the reflected angle towards the normal. It is shown that if a polygon does not have parallel sides facing each other, then the corresponding billiard map has finitely many ergodic SRB measures whose basins cover a set of full Lebesgue measure.

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

An abstract continuity theorem of the Lyapunov exponents

We devise an abstract, modular scheme to prove continuity of the Lyapunov exponents for a general class of linear cocycles. The main assumption is the availability of appropriate large deviation type (LDT) estimates which are uniform in the data. We provide a modulus of continuity that depends explicitly on the sharpness of the LDT estimate. Our method uses an inductive procedure based on the deterministic, general Avalanche Principle in [4]. The main advantage of this approach, besides the fact that it provides quantitative estimates, is its versatility, as it applies to quasi-periodic cocycles (one and multivariable torus translations), to random cocycles (i.i.d. and Markov systems) and to any other types of base dynamics as long as appropriate LDT estimates are satisfied. Moreover, compared to other available quantitative results for quasi-periodic or random cocycles, this method allows for weaker assumptions. This is a draft of a chapter in our forthcoming research monograph [4].

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Large deviations for quasi-periodic cocycles with singularities

We derive large deviations type (LDT) estimates for linear cocycles over an ergodic multifrequency torus translation. These models are called quasi-periodic cocycles. We make the following assumptions on the model: the translation vector satisfies a generic Diophantine condition, and the fiber action is given by a matrix valued analytic function of several variables which is not identically singular. The LDT estimates obtained here depend on some uniform measurements on the cocycle. Our general results derived in [9] regarding the continuity properties of the Lyapunov exponents (LE) and of the Oseledets filtration and decompositions are then applicable, and we obtain local weak-Holder continuity of these quantities in the presence of gaps in the Lyapunov spectrum. The main new feature of this work is allowing a cocycle depending on several variables to have singularities, i.e. points of non invertibility. This requires a careful analysis of the set of zeros of certain analytic functions of several variables and of the singularities (i.e. negative infinity values) of pluri-subharmonic functions related to the iterates of the cocycle. A refinement of this method in the one variable case leads to a stronger LDT estimate and in turn to a stronger, nearly-Holder modulus of continuity of the LE, Oseledets filtration and Oseledets decomposition. This is a draft of a chapter in our forthcoming research monograph [9].

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

The Avalanche Principle and other estimates on Grassmann manifolds

The main result of this paper, called the Avalanche Principle (AP), relates the expansion of a long product of matrices with the product of expansions of the individual matrices. This principle was introduced by M. Goldstein and W. Schlag in the context of ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$ matrices. Besides extending the AP to matrices of arbitrary dimension, possibly non-invertible, the geometric approach we use here provides a relation between the most expanding (singular) directions of such a long product of matrices and the corresponding singular directions of the first and last matrices in the product. The AP along with other estimates on the action of matrices on Grassmann manifolds will play a fundamental role in [6] to establish the continuity the Lyapunov exponents and of the Oseledets decomposition for linear cocycles. This is the draft of a chapter in our forthcoming research monograph [6].

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Large deviation type estimates for random cocycles

In this paper we prove the continuity of all Lyapunov exponents, as well as the continuity of the Oseledets decomposition, for a class of irreducible cocycles over strongly mixing Markov shifts. Moreover, gaps in the Lyapunov spectrum lead to a Hölder modulus of continuity for these quantities. This result is an application of the abstract continuity theorems obtained in [4], and generalizes a theorem of E. Le Page on the Hölder continuity of the maximal LE for one-parameter families of strongly irreducible and contracting cocycles over a Bernoulli shift. This is a draft of a chapter in our forthcoming research monograph [4].

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Continuity of the Oseledets Decomposition

We consider an abstract space of measurable linear cocycles and we assume the availability in this space of some appropriate uniform large deviation type estimates. Under these hypotheses we establish the continuity of the Oseledets filtration and decomposition as functions of the cocycle. The same assumptions lead in [6] to a general continuity theorem for the Lyapunov exponents. This result and other technical estimates derived in [6], along with the inductive scheme based on the Avalanche Principle, are the main ingredients of the arguments in this paper. We also give a new proof of the classical Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem of V. Oseledets, using the Avalanche Principle (AP). This is a draft of a chapter in our forthcoming research monograph [6].

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Eigenvectors of isospectral graph transformations

L.A. Bunimovich and B.Z. Webb developed a theory for isospectral graph reduction. We make a simple observation regarding the relation between eigenvectors of the original graph and its reduction, that sheds new light on this theory. As an application we propose an updating algorithm for the maximal eigenvector of the Markov matrix associated to a large sparse dynamical network.

math.DS↗