arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Piotr Zenczykowski.
We use experiment-supported dimensional analysis to further bolster our arguments that crucial information on the emergence and/or nature of space could be extracted from the combination of the properties of gravitational and strong interactions.
I rephrase my earlier arguments that vital information on the emergence of space is buried in particle physics, and - in particular - in the Harari-Shupe (HS) rishon model of leptons and quarks. First, it is argued that matter and space should be treated more symmetrically than they are in the Standard Model. Then, a generalization of Born's matter-and-space-relating concept of reciprocity is introduced. A simple analogy between the resulting phase-space picture and the original HS model is pointed out. It is stressed that in the advocated view of the rishon model the concept of "compositeness" is completely different from its standard understanding, implying one-dimensionality of rishons, and thus the non-existence of "preons".
We discuss implications that result from the acceptance of MOND parameter $a_M$ as the third fundamental constant of nature in addition to $c$ and $h$. To this aim we use the concept of Newtonian triangle in the $(log(r),~ log(m))$ plane and show that excited states on hadronic Regge trajectories lead into the MOND regime beyond this triangle. The experimentally suggested freezing of one internal spatial degree of quark freedom in excited baryons corroborates then the conjecture that MOND is related to the idea of space emergence.
In this paper, we use the idea of modified Newtonian dynamics to further support the arguments that important information concerning the nature of space is hidden at hadronic mass and distance scales.
Triggered by experimentally driven renewed interest in hyperon properties we address the subject of weak radiative hyperon decays (WRHD). We start with the issue of Hara's theorem and briefly discuss the question of its possible evasion. Then, we give a short review of the story of vector-meson-dominance (VMD) approach to WRHD. We stress the shift from the Hara's-theorem-violating to Hara's-theorem-satisfying version of the VMD approach that did occur over time. Finally, spurred by a recent theoretical paper, we discuss the pole model description of WRHD, putting special attention to the issue of the contributions from the intermediate $Λ(1405)$ state. We point out that the measurement of the $Λ\to n γ$ decay asymmetry could resolve the encountered ambiguities and definitely answer the question of whether Hara's theorem is violated or not.
We describe a MOND-related approach to natural scales of distance and mass, viewing it as a logical step following Planck's modification of the Stoney system of units. The MOND-induced scales are not based on the strength of any physical interaction (electromagnetic, gravitational, or otherwise). Instead, they are specified by three physical constants of a general nature that define the scales of action, speed, and acceleration, ie. h -- the Planck constant, c -- the speed of light, and a_M -- the MOND acceleration constant. When the gravitational constant G is added, two further distance scales (apart from the size of the Universe) appear: the Planck scale and a nanometer scale that fits the typical borderline between the classical and the quantum descriptions.
It is argued that important information on the emergence of space is hidden at the quark/hadron level. The arguments follow from the acceptance of the conception that space is an attribute of matter. They involve in particular the discussion of possibly relevant mass and distance scales, the generalization of the concept of mass as suggested by the phase-space-based explanation of the rishon model, and the phenomenological conclusions on the structure of excited baryons that are implied by baryon spectroscopy. A counterpart of the Eddington-Weinberg relation concerning Regge towers of hadronic resonances is noted.
Large $CP$-violating asymmetry effects in the B+- --> K+ K- K decays have been predicted in the QCD factorization model. The model includes strong K+ K- final-state long-distance interactions in the S-, P-, and also (in the recent analysis) D- wave two-body states. The S-wave two-body unitarity conditions involve interchannel couplings of the kaon-kaon states with the intermediate states of two pions and four pions. As a result, the pion-pion to kaon-kaon rescattering effects are included in the model. It is shown how the weak phase differences together with the existence of two different strong phases of the S-wave decay amplitudes (related to the phases of the kaon scalar strange and non-strange form factors) contribute to the CP-asymmetry in question. The theoretical results are compared with recent experimental data of the LHCb and BABAR Collaborations.
We argue that one has to distinguish between the Harari-Shupe model (HSM) and the Harari-Shupe observation (HSO). The former - in which quarks and leptons are viewed as composite objects built from confined fermionic subparticles (`rishons') - is known to be beset with many difficulties. The latter may be roughly defined as this part of the HSM that really works. We recall that the phase-space Clifford-algebra approach leads to the HSO without any of the HSM problems and discuss in some detail how this is achieved. The light which the phase-space-based view sheds on the HSO sets then a new direction along which the connection between space and particle properties could be studied and offers a glimpse into weird physics that probably lurks much deeper than the field-theoretical approach of the Standard Model.
A large CP asymmetry predicted recently in the framework of the QCD factorization model for the B+- --> K+- K+ K- decays in the range of the K+ K- invariant masses above the phi(1020) resonance has been confirmed by the LHCb Collaboration. We discuss the emergence and size of this asymmetry in an extended model involving S- and P-waves together with the contribution from the D-wave f2(1270) resonance and compare our model with the experimental data of the LHCb and BABAR Collaborations.
The sets of charged-lepton (L) and quark (D,U) masses may be parametrized in a Z_3-symmetric language appropriate for the discussion of Koide's formula. Experiment suggests that at the low-energy scale the relevant phase parameters δ_f take on possibly exact values of δ_L=3δ_D/2=3δ_U=2/9. For k_f (the other parameter relevant for the pattern of masses), a similarly simple expression (k_L=1) is known for charged leptons only. Using the Fritzsch-Xing decomposition of quark-mixing matrices, we show that the suggested pattern of low-energy quark masses is consistent with an earlier conjecture that k_{D,U} \approx 1 in the weak basis.
The charged lepton masses may be parametrized in a Z3-symmetric language appropriate to the discussions of Koide's formula. The phase parameter δ_L appearing in this parametrization is experimentally indistinguishable from 2/9. We analyse Koide's parametrization for the up (U) and down (D) quarks and argue that the data are suggestive of the low-energy values δ_U=δ_L/3=2/27 and δ_D=2δ_L/3=4/27.
Charged B decays to three charged kaons are analysed in the framework of the QCD factorization approach. The strong final state K+K-interactions are described using the kaon scalar and vector form factors. The scalar non-strange and strange form factors at low K+K- effective masses are constrained by chiral perturbation theory and satisfy the two-body unitarity conditions. The latter stem from the properties of the meson-meson amplitudes which describe all possible S-wave transitions between three coupled channels consisting of two kaons, two pions and four pions. The vector form factors are fitted to the data on the electromagnetic kaon interactions. The model results are compared with the Belle and BaBar data. Away from phi(1020) resonance, in the S-wave dominated K+K- mass spectra, a possibility for a large CP asymmetry is identified.
It is argued that antiparticles may be interpreted in macroscopic terms without explicitly using the concept of time and its reversal. The appropriate framework is that of nonrelativistic phase space. It is recalled that a quantum version of this approach leads also, alongside the appearance of antiparticles, to the emergence of `internal' quantum numbers identifiable with weak isospin, weak hypercharge and colour, and to the derivation of the Gell-Mann-Nishijima relation, while simultaneously offering a preonless interpretation of the Harari-Shupe rishon model. Furthermore, it is shown that - under the assumption of the additivity of canonical momenta - the approach entails the emergence of string-like structures resembling mesons and baryons, thus providing a different starting point for the discussion of quark unobservability.
The question of the relative size of two independent penguin amplitudes is studied using the data on the B^+ to pi^+ K^*0, and B^+ to K^+ \bar{K}^*0 decays. Our discussion involves a Regge-phenomenology-based estimate of SU(3) breaking in the final quark-pair-creating hadronization process. The results are in agreement with earlier estimates of the relative size of the two penguins obtained from B^+ to pi^+ K^0, K^+ \bar{K}^0.
Recently, a correspondence has been shown to exist between the structure of a single Standard Model generation of elementary particles and the properties of the Clifford algebra of nonrelativistic phase space. Here, this correspondence is spelled out in terms of phase-space variables. Thus, a phase-space interpretation of the connections between leptons, quarks and their antiparticles is proposed, in particular providing a timeless alternative to the standard Stueckelberg-Feynman interpretation. The issue of the additivity of canonical momenta is raised and argued to be intimately related to the unobservability of free quarks and the emergence of mesons and baryons.
The question of the relative size of tree and penguin amplitudes is analyzed using the data on B to pi pi, B^+ to pi^+ K^0, and B^+ to K^+ \bar{K}^0 decays. Our discussion involves an estimate of SU(3) breaking in the final quark-pair-creating hadronization process. The estimate is based on Regge phenomenology, which many years ago proved very successful in the description of soft hadronic physics. Accepting the Regge prediction as solid, it is then shown that the relative size and phase of the two parts of the penguin amplitude can be unambiguously extracted from the data on the decays considered. This enables fixing the C/T ratio of `true' tree amplitudes, which - on the basis of the existing data - is shown to be small (of the order of 0.2).
According to the Hamiltonian formalism, nonrelativistic phase space may be considered as an arena of physics, with momentum and position treated as independent variables. Invariance of x^2+p^2 constitutes then a natural generalization of ordinary rotational invariance. We consider Dirac-like linearization of this form, with position and momentum satisfying standard commutation relations. This leads to the identification of a quantum-level structure from which some phase space properties might emerge. Genuine rotations and reflections in phase space are tied to the existence of new quantum numbers, unrelated to ordinary 3D space. Their properties allow their identification with the internal quantum numbers characterising the structure of a single quark-lepton generation in the Standard Model. In particular, the algebraic structure of the Harari-Shupe preon model of fundamental particles is reproduced exactly and without invoking any subparticles. Analysis of the Clifford algebra of nonrelativistic phase space singles out an element which might be associated with the concept of lepton mass. This element is transformed into a corresponding element for a single coloured quark, leading to a generalization of the concept of mass and a different starting point for the discussion of quark unobservability.