arXiv subjects

Qiming Li

Publications and source records attributed to Qiming Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

MT-Web2Code: Benchmarking Coding Agents on Multi-Turn Regional Reconstruction and Localized Modification

Recent advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in web UI generation. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on single-turn full-page generation from scratch, overlooking the iterative workflow of real-world frontend engineering, where developers repeatedly reconstruct missing regions and modify localized elements within existing codebases. To bridge this gap, we introduce MT-Web2Code, the first multimodal coding benchmark for multi-turn Macro-Level Regional Reconstruction and Micro-Level Localized Modification, which contains 102 tasks spanning 16 vertical domains. To construct deterministic repair trajectories without costly turn-level human annotation, we develop a scalable Reverse-Corruption Trajectory Engine that iteratively injects structural and stylistic defects into golden pages. We further propose a dual-axis evaluation protocol that measures target-region fidelity and the preservation of unaffected content, where regional reconstruction is assessed by a 5-dimensional VLM-based rubric and localized modification by deterministic pixel-grounded alignment. Experiments on 13 frontier coding agents reveal that current agents struggle to faithfully reconstruct target regions while preserving unaffected content, lack fine-grained visual-code alignment for localized edits, and suffer from error snowballing over multiple turns. Beyond benchmarking, our deterministic evaluation metrics provide fine-grained feedback signals that may facilitate future research on training iterative UI coding agents. Our evaluation code and data will soon be released.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

PRPO: Perception-Reinforced Policy Optimization via Token-Level Dynamic Advantage Reshaping

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capability of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, existing RLVR methods primarily rely on trajectory-level outcome rewards, which assign identical learning signals across all generated tokens. This coarse-grained credit assignment is fundamentally mismatched to multimodal reasoning, where only a sparse subset of tokens is causally grounded in visual evidence. Consequently, these pivotal perceptual tokens receive weak supervision and are often overwhelmed by language priors or reasoning-template tokens. To address this limitation, we propose Perception-Reinforced Policy Optimization (PRPO), a token-level reinforcement learning framework that explicitly identifies and reinforces pivotal perceptual tokens within long-horizon multimodal reasoning trajectories. PRPO introduces Robust Visual Dependency (RVD), a principled metric that identifies tokens whose predictions are both visually grounded and perturbation-stable, filtering out brittle or noisy visual tokens. Based on RVD, we further propose Perceptual Advantage Reshaping (PAR), a token-level credit assignment technique that amplifies perceptually informative tokens while preserving stable gradients for non-perceptual tokens. Extensive experiments on seven multimodal reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that PRPO consistently outperforms strong LVLM baselines across both 3B and 7B model scales, achieving average gains of 23.3% and 21.1%, respectively. PRPO achieves state-of-the-art performance with improved training efficiency and stronger cross-task generalization. Our findings highlight the importance of fine-grained credit assignment for scalable multimodal reinforcement learning.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

POINav: Benchmarking and Enhancing Final-Meters Arrival in Real-World Vision-Language Navigation

Real-world navigation is fundamentally driven by Points of Interest (POIs), yet reaching a precise POI remains a critical "final-meters" challenge. Existing Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) benchmarks of POI-goal navigation often suffer from coarse granularity or significant sim-to-real gaps due to generated scene. To bridge this gap, we present POINav-Bench, the first benchmark designed for closed-loop evaluation of real-world POI-goal navigation. It comprises 11 commercial areas reconstructed from real-world captures using 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), covering 126,398 $m^{2}$ in total and spanning 163 distinct POIs. With traversability-aware annotations and reference trajectories, POINav-Bench enables high-fidelity evaluation of navigation agents in realistic, POI-rich real-world environments. Building on this, we propose the POINav Brain-Action Framework where a Brain module performs POI-grounded reasoning to guide an Action module in predicting continuous waypoints for real-world execution. We further curate the POINav-Dataset, containing 70K real-world signage-entrance pairs. Experiments show that our framework provides a viable path toward refining real-world POI-goal navigation.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

CAST: Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Caption-Guided Visual Attention Steering

Although Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on downstream tasks, they frequently produce contents that deviate from visual information, leading to object hallucination. To tackle this, recent works mostly depend on expensive manual annotations and training cost, or decoding strategies which significantly increase inference time. In this work, we observe that LVLMs' attention to visual information is significantly enhanced when answering caption queries compared to non-caption queries. Inspired by this phenomenon, we propose Caption-guided Visual Attention Steering (CAST), a training-free, plug-and-play hallucination mitigation method that leverages the attention activation pattern corresponding to caption queries to enhance LVLMs' visual perception capability. Specifically, we use probing techniques to identify attention heads that are highly sensitive to caption queries and estimate optimized steering directions for their outputs. This steering strengthens LVLM's fine-grained visual perception capabilities, thereby effectively mitigating object hallucination. CAST reduced object hallucination by an average of 6.03% across five widely used LVLMs and five benchmarks including both discriminative and generative tasks, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance while adding little inference cost and preserving other foundational capabilities.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Stratagem: Learning Transferable Reasoning via Trajectory-Modulated Game Self-Play

Games offer a compelling paradigm for developing general reasoning capabilities in language models, as they naturally demand strategic planning, probabilistic inference, and adaptive decision-making. However, existing self-play approaches rely solely on terminal game outcomes, providing no mechanism to distinguish transferable reasoning patterns from game-specific heuristics. We present STRATAGEM, which addresses two fundamental barriers to reasoning transfer: domain specificity, where learned patterns remain anchored in game semantics, and contextual stasis, where static game contexts fail to cultivate progressive reasoning. STRATAGEM selectively reinforces trajectories exhibiting abstract, domain-agnostic reasoning through a Reasoning Transferability Coefficient, while incentivizing adaptive reasoning development via a Reasoning Evolution Reward. Experiments across mathematical reasoning, general reasoning, and code generation benchmarks demonstrate substantial improvements, with particularly strong gains on competition-level mathematics where multi-step reasoning is critical. Ablation studies and human evaluation confirm that both components contribute to transferable reasoning.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Not All Tokens See Equally: Perception-Grounded Policy Optimization for Large Vision-Language Models

While Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced reasoning in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), prevailing frameworks suffer from a foundational methodological flaw: by distributing identical advantages across all generated tokens, these methods inherently dilute the learning signals essential for optimizing the critical, visually-grounded steps of multimodal reasoning. To bridge this gap, we formulate \textit{Token Visual Dependency}, quantifying the causal information gain of visual inputs via the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between visual-conditioned and text-only predictive distributions. Revealing that this dependency is highly sparse and semantically pivotal, we introduce Perception-Grounded Policy Optimization (PGPO), which is a novel fine-grained credit assignment framework that dynamically reshapes advantages at the token level. Through a threshold-gated, mass-conserving mechanism, PGPO actively amplifies learning signals for visually-dependent tokens while suppressing gradient noise from linguistic priors. Extensive experiments based on the Qwen2.5-VL series across seven challenging multimodal reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that PGPO boosts models by 18.7% on average. Both theoretical and empirical analyses confirm that PGPO effectively reduces gradient variance, prevents training collapse, and acts as a potent regularizer for robust, perception-grounded multimodal reasoning. Code will be released on https://github.com/Yzk1114/PGPO.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

MPR-GUI: Benchmarking and Enhancing Multilingual Perception and Reasoning in GUI Agents

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong potential as multilingual Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, as evidenced by existing GUI benchmarks. However, these benchmarks exhibit two primary limitations: (1) although Perception and Reasoning (P&R) capabilities are fundamental for GUI agents, current benchmarks lack fine-grained diagnostics to identify which specific capabilities lead to task failures, hindering targeted improvements; (2) existing benchmarks fail to provide a strictly aligned cross-lingual evaluation environment, introducing confounding factors that prevent isolating the language impact on GUI agent performance. To address these issues, we propose the Multilingual P&R GUI Benchmark (MPR-GUI-Bench), featuring strictly aligned environments across six languages and eight fine-grained P&R tasks. Our benchmark reveals consistent P&R gaps between English and non-English settings, particularly on reasoning-intensive tasks. To leverage the superior English P&R capabilities for bridging cross-lingual gaps, we identify layers sensitive to language and propose GUI-XLI, a GUI Cross-Lingual Intervention method that aligns non-English hidden states with their English counterparts at these layers during inference. Experiments show that GUI-XLI effectively reduces the cross-lingual gaps, with an average gain of 6.5% in non-English settings.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

Unlocking Multilingual Reasoning Capability of LLMs and LVLMs through Representation Engineering

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities, yet their performance in English significantly outperforms that in low-resource languages, raising fairness concerns in multilingual applications. Existing approaches either rely on costly multilingual training or employ prompting with external translation tools, both of which are resource-intensive and sensitive to translation quality. To address these limitations, we propose a training-free inference-time method to enhance Multilingual Reasoning capabilities via Representation Engineering (MRRE) without using any additional training data or tools. MRRE sequentially injects two precomputed vectors at specific layers during inference processing: cross-lingual reasoning enhancement vectors, which steer non-English reasoning representations toward English space to unlock multilingual reasoning, and target-language output anchoring vectors, which restore the distribution of the target language to preserve input-output language consistency. Comprehensive experiments across six advanced LLMs and LVLMs on four reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that MRRE consistently enhances non-English reasoning by an average gain of 5.48% and up to 7.54% in low-resource languages (Thai and Swahili), while improving input-output language consistency by 3.78%.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Causal Tracing of Object Representations in Large Vision Language Models: Mechanistic Interpretability and Hallucination Mitigation

Despite the remarkable advancements of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), the mechanistic interpretability remains underexplored. Existing analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and lack examination covering visual and textual tokens, model components, and the full range of layers. This limitation restricts actionable insights to improve the faithfulness of model output and the development of downstream tasks, such as hallucination mitigation. To address this limitation, we introduce Fine-grained Cross-modal Causal Tracing (FCCT) framework, which systematically quantifies the causal effects on visual object perception. FCCT conducts fine-grained analysis covering the full range of visual and textual tokens, three core model components including multi-head self-attention (MHSA), feed-forward networks (FFNs), and hidden states, across all decoder layers. Our analysis is the first to demonstrate that MHSAs of the last token in middle layers play a critical role in aggregating cross-modal information, while FFNs exhibit a three-stage hierarchical progression for the storage and transfer of visual object representations. Building on these insights, we propose Intermediate Representation Injection (IRI), a training-free inference-time technique that reinforces visual object information flow by precisely intervening on cross-modal representations at specific components and layers, thereby enhancing perception and mitigating hallucination. Consistent improvements across five widely used benchmarks and LVLMs demonstrate IRI achieves state-of-the-art performance, while preserving inference speed and other foundational performance.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

CAI: Caption-Sensitive Attention Intervention for Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models

Although Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in interpreting visual information, they frequently produce content that deviates from visual information, leading to object hallucination. To tackle this, recent works mostly depend on expensive manual annotations and training cost, or significantly increase inference time. In this work, we observe that LVLMs' attention to visual information is significantly stronger when answering caption queries compared to non-caption queries. Inspired by this phenomenon, we propose Caption-sensitive Attention Intervention (CAI), a training-free, plug-and-play hallucination mitigation method that leverages the attention activation pattern in response to caption queries to enhance LVLMs' visual perception capability. Extensive experimental results across four benchmarks covering both discriminative and generative tasks, demonstrate that CAI achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) hallucination mitigating performance only with minimal additional inference cost.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

CLAIM: Mitigating Multilingual Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models with Cross-Lingual Attention Intervention

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal abilities but remain prone to multilingual object hallucination, with a higher likelihood of generating responses inconsistent with the visual input when utilizing queries in non-English languages compared to English. Most existing approaches to address these rely on pretraining or fine-tuning, which are resource-intensive. In this paper, inspired by observing the disparities in cross-modal attention patterns across languages, we propose Cross-Lingual Attention Intervention for Mitigating multilingual object hallucination (CLAIM) in LVLMs, a novel near training-free method by aligning attention patterns. CLAIM first identifies language-specific cross-modal attention heads, then estimates language shift vectors from English to the target language, and finally intervenes in the attention outputs during inference to facilitate cross-lingual visual perception capability alignment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CLAIM achieves an average improvement of 13.56% (up to 30% in Spanish) on the POPE and 21.75% on the hallucination subsets of the MME benchmark across various languages. Further analysis reveals that multilingual attention divergence is most prominent in intermediate layers, highlighting their critical role in multilingual scenarios.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

GMFL-Net: A Global Multi-geometric Feature Learning Network for Repetitive Action Counting

With the continuous development of deep learning, the field of repetitive action counting is gradually gaining notice from many researchers. Extraction of pose keypoints using human pose estimation networks is proven to be an effective pose-level method. However, existing pose-level methods suffer from the shortcomings that the single coordinate is not stable enough to handle action distortions due to changes in camera viewpoints, thus failing to accurately identify salient poses, and is vulnerable to misdetection during the transition from the exception to the actual action. To overcome these problems, we propose a simple but efficient Global Multi-geometric Feature Learning Network (GMFL-Net). Specifically, we design a MIA-Module that aims to improve information representation by fusing multi-geometric features, and learning the semantic similarity among the input multi-geometric features. Then, to improve the feature representation from a global perspective, we also design a GBFL-Module that enhances the inter-dependencies between point-wise and channel-wise elements and combines them with the rich local information generated by the MIA-Module to synthesise a comprehensive and most representative global feature representation. In addition, considering the insufficient existing dataset, we collect a new dataset called Countix-Fitness-pose (https://github.com/Wantong66/Countix-Fitness) which contains different cycle lengths and exceptions, a test set with longer duration, and annotate it with fine-grained annotations at the pose-level. We also add two new action classes, namely lunge and rope push-down. Finally, extensive experiments on the challenging RepCount-pose, UCFRep-pose, and Countix-Fitness-pose benchmarks show that our proposed GMFL-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Investigating and Mitigating the Multimodal Hallucination Snowballing in Large Vision-Language Models

Though advanced in understanding visual information with human languages, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) still suffer from multimodal hallucinations. A natural concern is that during multimodal interaction, the generated hallucinations could influence the LVLMs' subsequent generation. Thus, we raise a question: When presented with a query relevant to the previously generated hallucination, will LVLMs be misled and respond incorrectly, even though the ground visual information exists? To answer this, we propose a framework called MMHalSnowball to evaluate LVLMs' behaviors when encountering generated hallucinations, where LVLMs are required to answer specific visual questions within a curated hallucinatory conversation. Crucially, our experiment shows that the performance of open-source LVLMs drops by at least $31\%$, indicating that LVLMs are prone to accept the generated hallucinations and make false claims that they would not have supported without distractions. We term this phenomenon Multimodal Hallucination Snowballing. To mitigate this, we further propose a training-free method called Residual Visual Decoding, where we revise the output distribution of LVLMs with the one derived from the residual visual input, providing models with direct access to the visual information. Experiments show that our method can mitigate more than $24\%$ of the snowballed multimodal hallucination while maintaining capabilities.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

RLAIF-V: Open-Source AI Feedback Leads to Super GPT-4V Trustworthiness

Traditional feedback learning for hallucination reduction relies on labor-intensive manual labeling or expensive proprietary models. This leaves the community without foundational knowledge about how to build high-quality feedback with open-source MLLMs. In this work, we introduce RLAIF-V, a novel framework that aligns MLLMs in a fully open-source paradigm. RLAIF-V maximally explores open-source MLLMs from two perspectives, including high-quality feedback data generation for preference learning and self-feedback guidance for inference-time scaling. Extensive experiments on six benchmarks in both automatic and human evaluation show that RLAIF-V substantially enhances the trustworthiness of models at both preference learning and inference time. RLAIF-V 7B reduces object hallucination by 80.7\% and overall hallucination by 33.7\%. Remarkably, RLAIF-V 12B further reveals the self-alignment potential of open-source MLLMs, where the model can learn from feedback of itself to achieve super GPT-4V trustworthiness.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2011

Nanoscale Effects on Heterojunction Electron Gases in GaN/AlGaN Core/Shell Nanowires

The electronic properties of heterojunction electron gases formed in GaN/AlGaN core/shell nanowires with hexagonal and triangular cross-sections are studied theoretically. We show that at nanoscale dimensions, the non-polar hexagonal system exhibits degenerate quasi-one-dimensional electron gases at the hexagon corners, which transition to a core-centered electron gas at lower doping. In contrast, polar triangular core/shell nanowires show either a non-degenerate electron gas on the polar face or a single quasi-one-dimensional electron gas at the corner opposite the polar face, depending on the termination of the polar face. More generally, our results indicate that electron gases in closed nanoscale systems are qualitatively different from their bulk counterparts.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv1999

Symmetry between absorption and amplification in disordered media

We address the issue of whether amplification, like absorption, suppresses wave transmission at large gain, as has been claimed in previous studies of wave propagation in active random media. A closer examination reveals that the paradoxical symmetry between absorption and amplification is an artifact of unphysical solutions from the time-independent wave equation. Solutions from the time-dependent equation demonstrate clearly that when gain is above the threshold, the amplitude of both the transmitted and the reflected wave actually increases with time, apparently without bound. The implications of the current finding is discussed

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1998

What is the right form of the probability distribution of the conductance at the mobility edge?

The probability distribution of the conductance Pc(g) at the Anderson critical point is calculated. It is find that Pc(g) has a dip at small g in agreement with epsilon expansion results. The Pc(g) for the 3d system is quite different from the 2d quantum critical point of the integer quantum Hall effect. The universality or not of these distributions is of central importance to the field of disordered systems.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1998

Scaling Properties of Conductance at Integer Quantum Hall Plateau Transitions

We investigate the scaling properties of zero temperature conductances at integer quantum Hall plateau transitions in the lowest Landau band of a two-dimensional tight-binding model. Scaling is obeyed for all energy and system sizes with critical exponent nu =7/3 . The arithmetic average of the conductance at the localization-delocalization critical point is found to be _c = 0.506 e^2 / h, in agreement with the universal longitudinal conductance predicted by an analytical theory. The probability distribution of the conductance at the critical point is broad with a dip at small G.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗