arXiv subjects

R. M. Santilli

Publications and source records attributed to R. M. Santilli.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2001

Structure and Combustion of Magnegases

In this paper, we study the structure and combustion of magnegases$^{TM}$ (Patented and International Patents Pending), new clean fuels developed by one of us (R.M.S.) [1], which are produced as byproducts of recycling nonradioactive liquid feedstock such as antifreeze waste, engine oil waste, town sewage, crude oil, etc., and generally vary with the liquid used for their production. A new technology, called PlasmaArcFlow\tm, flows the waste through a submerged electric arc between conventional electrodes. The arc decomposes the liquid molecules into their atomic constituents, and forms a plasma in the immediate vicinity of the electrodes at about 10,000$^o$ F. The technology then moves the plasma away from the electrodes, and controls its recombination into environmentally acceptable fuels. The new fuels possess a ew chemical structure first identified by one of us (R.M.S.), which is characterized by clusters of ordinary molecules and atoms under a new bond of electromagnetic nature. These clusters constitute a new chemical species different than the conventional molecules, since they are stable at ordinary conditions while exhibiting no infrared signature (other than those of conventional molecular constituents), thus confirming that the bond is not of valence type. For this reason the new chemical species is called ''Santilli's electromagnecules'' or ''magnecules''.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2001

A Study of the Energy Efficiency of Hadronic Reactors of Molecular Type

In this paper, we introduce an estimate of the "commercial efficiency" of Santilli's hadronic reactors of molecular type (Patented and International Patents Pending) which convert a liquid feedstock (such as automotive antifreeze and oil waste, city or farm liquid waste, crude oil, etc.) into the clean burning magnegas plus heat acquired by the liquid feedstock. The "commercial efficiency" is defined as the ratio between the total energy output (energy in magnegas plus heat) and the electric energy used for its production, while the "scientific efficiency" is the usual ratio between the total energy output and the total energy input (the sum of the electric energy plus the energy in the liquid feedstock as well as that in the carbon electrodes). A primary purpose of this paper is to show that conventional thermochemistry does indeed predict a commercial efficiency bigger than one, although their values is considerably smaller than the actual efficiency measured in the reactors, thus indicating the applicability of the covering hadronic chemistry from which the reactors have received their name. We reach an upper limit of the commercial efficiency of 3.11 for the use of pure water as feedstock, and of 3.11 to 7.5 for a mixture of ethyleneglicole and water. The study of the heat produced by the reactions leads to large divergencies between the thermochemical predictions and experimental data of at least a factor of three. Such divergencies can only be explained with deviations from quantum chemistry in favor of the covering hadronic chemistry. In particular, the indicated large divergencies can only be explained with the assumption that the produced combustible gas has the new non-valence chemical structure of Santilli magnecules.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2001

A Study of Polycarbonyl Compounds in Magnegases

In this paper we study the structure and thermochemical properties of some new polycarbonyl compounds, with particular attention devoted to the study of (CO)$_n$ complexes, which are expected to be present in magnegases^TM. The latter are anomalous gases produced by Hadronic Reactors^TM of molecular type [2] (Patented and International Patents Pending) which expose atoms to the extremely intense electronmagnetic fields existing at atomic distances from electric arcs in such a way to create a toroidal distribution of the orbitals of individual atoms, whether isolated or part of a valence bond. Polarized atoms, dimers and molecules then attract each other via opposing magnetic polarities resulting into stable clusters which constitute a new chemical species called Santilli's magnecules [2]. Some of the numerous open problems in the study of this intriguing new chemical species are pointed out.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2000

Alarming Oxygen Depletion Caused by Hydrogen Combustion and Fuel Cells and their Resolution by Magnegas$^{TM}$

We recall that hydrogen combustion does resolve the environmental problems of fossil fuels due to excessive emission of carcinogenic substances and carbon dioxide. However, hydrogen combustion implies the permanent removal from our atmosphere of directly usable oxygen, a serious environmental problem called oxygen depletion, since the combustion turns oxygen into water whose separation to restore the original oxygen is prohibitive due to cost. We then show that a conceivable global use of hydrogen in complete replacement of fossil fuels would imply the permanent removal from our atmosphere of 2.8875x10^7 metric tons O_2/day. Fuel cells are briefly discussed to point out similarly serious environmental problems, again, for large uses. We propose the possibility of resolving these problems by upgrading hydrogen to the new combustible fuel called magnegas^TM, whose chemical structure is composed by the new chemical species of magnecules, whose energy content and other features are beyond the descriptive capacities of quantum chemistry. In fact, magnegas contains up to 50% hydrogen, while having combustion exhaust with: 1) a positive oxygen balance (releasing more oxygen in the exhaust than that used in the combustion); 2) no appreciable carcinogenic or toxic substances; 3) considerably reduced carbon dioxide as compared to fossil fuels; 4) considerably reduced nitrogen oxides; and 5) general reduction of pollutants in the exhaust up to 96% of current EPA standards.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1998

Insufficiency of Available Data on the Behaviour of the Meanlives of Unstable Hadrons with Energy

We review the available evidence according to which physical media alter the Minkowskian spacetime with consequential alteration of the speed of light; we point out the apparent emergence of superluminal speeds within the hyperdense hadrons; and we point out the lack of conclusive character of the available related measure, those on the behaviour of the meanlives of unstable kaons with energy.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1997

Invariant formulation of q-deformations via the novel genomathematics

In this note we outline the history of q-deformations; indicate their physical shortcomings; suggest their apparent resolution via an invariant formulation based on a new mathematics of genotopic type; and point out their expected physical significance once formulated in an invariant way.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1997

Isominkowskian unification of the special and general relativities (letter)

We submit a classical unification of the special and general relativities via the new isominkowskian geometry in which the two relativities are differentiated by the basic unit. We then show that the unification admits an operator image in which gravitation verifies the abstract axioms of relativistic quantum mechanics under a universal symmetry which is isomorphic to the Poincaré symmetry. The compliance of the unification with available experimental data is indicated. This study has been permitted by the recent achievement of sufficient mathematical maturity in memoir$^{3f}$, axiomatic consistency in memoir$^{3t}$ and generalized symmetry principles in memoir$^{4v}$. More detailed studies are presented in the forthcoming paper$^{3u}$.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1997

Classical and operator isominkowskian unification of general and special relativities for metter and their isodual for antimatter (paper)

We recall that the Minkowskian geometry possesses basic units of space and time which are invariant under the Poincaré symmetry. We then show that, by comparison, the Riemannian geometry possesses space-time units which are not invariant under the symmetries of the Riemannian line element, thus causing evident physical ambiguities. We therefore introduce a novel formulation of general relativity in the isominkowskian geometry which is an axiom-preserving lifting of the conventional Minkowskian geometry but which nevertheless admits all possible Riemannian metrics thanks to a (positive-definite) $4 \times 4$ generalization of the basic unit. We construct the universal symmetry of the isominkowskian line elements called isopoincaré symmetry}, prove that it is locally isomorphic to the conventional Poincaré symmetry, and show that, in this way, conventional Riemannian metrics and related field equations can be expressed with respect to invariant generalized units of space and time. We then show that the isominkowskian geometry and related isopoincaré symmetry permit: I) A classical geometric unification of the general and special relativities for matter into a formulation called isospecial relativity in which the former occurs for generalized units while admitting the latter as a particular case for conventional units; II) A novel operator formulation of gravity for matter based on the abstract axioms of relativistic quantum mechanics, thus showing hope for a possible resolution of the ambiguities in current theories of quantum gravity; and III) A novel classical and operator formulation of antimatter which is an antiautomorphic image of the preceding formulations for matter constructed via a map called isoduality. The

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1997

Classical isodual theory of antimatter

An inspection of the contemporary physics literature reveals that, while matter is treated at all levels of study, from Newtonian mechanics to quantum field theory, antimatter is solely treated at the level of second quantization. For the purpose of initiating the restoration of full equivalence in the treatments of matter and antimatter in due time, in this paper we present a classical representation of antimatter which begins at the primitive Newtonian level with expected images at all subsequent levels. By recalling that charge conjugation of particles into antiparticles is anti-automorphic, the proposed theory of antimatter is based on a new map, called isoduality, which is also anti-automorphic, yet it is applicable beginning at the classical level and then persists at the quantum level. As part of our study, we present novel anti-isomorphic isodual images of the Galilean, special and general relativities and show the compatibility of their representation of antimatter with all available classical experimental knowledge, that on electromagnetic interactions. We also identify the prediction of antigravity for antimatter in the field of matter (or vice-versa) without any claim on its validity, and defer its resolution to specific experiments. To avoid a prohibitive length, the paper is restricted to the classical treatment which had not been sufficiently treated until now. Studies on operator profiles, such as the equivalence of isoduality and charge conjugation and the implication of the isodual theory in particle physics, are conducted in a separate paper.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv1997

Does antimatter emit a new light ?

We identify a number of problematic aspects of current classical and quantum theories of antimatter; we introduce a new mathematical formalism which is an antiautomorphic image of that of matter equivalent to charge conjugation at the operator level, but applicable from Newton's equations to quantum mechanics; we show that the emerging new theory of antimatter recovers known experimental data on electroweak interactions; we finally identity the following predictions of the theory: 1) reversal in the field of matter of the gravitational curvature (antigravity) for stable antiparticles and their bound states, such as the anti-hydrogen atom; 2) conventional (attractive) gravity for a bound state of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, such as the positronium; and 3) prediction that the anti- hydrogen atom emits a new photon which coincides with the conventional photon for all electroweak interactions but experiences repulsion in the gravitational field of matter.

physics.gen-ph↗