arXiv subjects

Ryuichiro Kitano

Publications and source records attributed to Ryuichiro Kitano.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

arXiv2005

Models of Neutrino Mass with a Low Cutoff Scale

In theories with a low quantum gravity scale, global symmetries are expected to be violated, inducing excessive proton decay or large Majorana neutrino masses. The simplest cure is to impose discrete gauge symmetries, which in turn make neutrinos massless. We construct models that employ these gauge symmetries while naturally generating small neutrino masses. Majorana (Dirac) neutrino masses are generated through the breaking of a discrete (continuous) gauge symmetry at low energies, e.g., 2 keV to 1 GeV. The Majorana case predicts ΔN_ν\simeq 1 at BBN, neutrinoless double beta decay with scalar emission, and modifications to the CMB anisotropies from domain walls in the universe as well as providing a possible Dark Energy candidate. For the Dirac case, despite the presence of a new light gauge boson, all laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological constraints can be avoided.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2005

The New Minimal Standard Model

We construct the New Minimal Standard Model that incorporates the new discoveries of physics beyond the Minimal Standard Model (MSM): Dark Energy, non-baryonic Dark Matter, neutrino masses, as well as baryon asymmetry and cosmic inflation, adopting the principle of minimal particle content and the most general renormalizable Lagrangian. We base the model purely on empirical facts rather than aesthetics. We need only six new degrees of freedom beyond the MSM. It is free from excessive flavor-changing effects, CP violation, too-rapid proton decay, problems with electroweak precision data, and unwanted cosmological relics. Any model of physics beyond the MSM should be measured against the phenomenological success of this model.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2005

Viable Supersymmetry and Leptogenesis with Anomaly Mediation

The seesaw mechanism that explains the small neutrino masses comes naturally with supersymmetric (SUSY) grand unification and leptogenesis. However, the framework suffers from the SUSY flavor and CP problems, and has a severe cosmological gravitino problem. We propose anomaly mediation as a simple solution to all these problems, which is viable once supplemented by the D-terms for U(1)_Y and U(1)_{B-L}. Even though the right-handed neutrino mass explicitly breaks U(1)_{B-L} and hence reintroduces the flavor problem, we show that it lacks the logarithmic enhancement and poses no threat to the framework. The thermal leptogenesis is then made easily consistent with the gravitino constraint.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2005

Tripletless unification in the conformal window

A product SU(5)xSp(4) grand unified model is proposed with no fundamental Higgs fields transforming under SU(5). Higgs doublets are instead embedded into a four dimensional representation of the Sp(4) gauge group, and hence there is no doublet-triplet splitting problem because there are no triplets. The Sp(4) group contains enough matter to lie in the conformal window, causing its gauge coupling to flow to a strongly-coupled infrared fixed-point at low energy, naturally preserving gauge coupling unification to percent level accuracy. Yukawa couplings, including the top, arise through dimension five operators that are enhanced by the large anomalous dimension of the Higgs fields. Proton decay mediated by dimension five operators is absent at the perturbative level. It reappears, however, non-perturbatively due to Sp(4) instantons but the rate is suppressed by a high power of the ratio of the dynamical scale to the unification scale. With gravity- or gaugino-mediated supersymmetry breaking, non-universal gaugino masses are predicted, satisfying specific one-loop renormalization group invariant relations. These predictions should be easily testable with the LHC and a linear collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2005

Dark Matter from Baryon Asymmetry

The measured densities of dark and baryonic matter are surprisingly close to each other, even though the baryon asymmetry and the dark matter are usually explained by unrelated mechanisms. We consider a scenario where the dark matter S is produced non-thermally from the decay of a messenger particle X, which carries the baryon number and compensates for the baryon asymmetry in the Universe, thereby establishing a connection between the baryonic and dark matter densities. We propose a simple model to realize this scenario, adding only a light singlet fermion S and a colored particle X which has a mass in the O(TeV) range and a lifetime to appear long-lived in collider detector. Therefore in hadron colliders the signal is similar to that of a stable or long-lived gluino in supersymmetric models.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

A viable supersymmetric model with UV insensitive anomaly mediation

We propose an electroweak model which is compatible with the UV insensitive anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking. The model is an extension of the NMSSM by adding vector-like matter fields which can drive the soft scalar masses of the singlet Higgs field negative and the successful electroweak symmetry breaking is achieved. Viable parameter regions are found to preserve perturbativity of all the coupling constants up to the Planck scale. With this success, the model becomes a perfect candidate of physics beyond the standard model without the FCNC and CP problem. The cosmology is also quite interesting. The lightest neutralino is the wino which is a perfect cold dark matter candidate assuming the non-thermal production from the gravitino decay. There is no gravitino problem because it decays before the BBN era, and thus the thermal leptogenesis works. The cosmological domain wall problem inherent in the NMSSM is absent since the Z_3 symmetry is broken by the QCD instanton effect in the presence of the vector-like quarks. We also briefly comment on a possible solution to the strong CP problem a la the Nelson-Barr mechanism.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

Gravitational Baryogenesis

We show that a gravitational interaction between the derivative of the Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon-number current dynamically breaks CPT in an expanding universe and, combined with baryon-number-violating interactions, can drive the universe towards an equilibrium baryon asymmetry that is observationally acceptable.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2004

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking via UV Insensitive Anomaly Mediation

Anomaly mediation solves the supersymmetric flavor and CP problems. This is because the superconformal anomaly dictates that supersymmetry breaking is transmitted through nearly flavor-blind infrared physics that is highly predictive and UV insensitive. Slepton mass squareds, however, are predicted to be negative. This can be solved by adding D-terms for U(1)_Y and U(1)_{B-L} while retaining the UV insensitivity. In this paper we consider electroweak symmetry breaking via UV insensitive anomaly mediation in several models. For the MSSM we find a stable vacuum when tanbeta < 1, but in this region the top Yukawa coupling blows up only slightly above the supersymmetry breaking scale. For the NMSSM, we find a stable electroweak breaking vacuum but with a chargino that is too light. Replacing the cubic singlet term in the NMSSM superpotential with a term linear in the singlet we find a stable vacuum and viable spectrum. Most of the parameter region with correct vacua requires a large superpotential coupling, precisely what is expected in the ``Fat Higgs'' model in which the superpotential is generated dynamically. We have therefore found the first viable UV complete, UV insensitive supersymmetry breaking model that solves the flavor and CP problems automatically: the Fat Higgs model with UV insensitive anomaly mediation. Moreover, the cosmological gravitino problem is naturally solved, opening up the possibility of realistic thermal leptogenesis.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2003

Leptogenesis and a Jarlskog Invariant

The relation between low energy CP violating phases, and the CP asymmetry of leptogenesis, $ε$, is investigated. Although it is known that in general those are independent, there may be a relation when a model is specified. We construct a Jarlskog invariant which is proportional to $ε$ if the right-handed neutrino masses are hierarchical. Since the invariant can be expressed in terms of left-handed neutrino parameters--some measurable, and some not--it is useful in identifying the limits in which $ε$ is related to MNS phases.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2003

Higgs-mediated muon-electron conversion process in supersymmetric seesaw model

We study the effect of the Higgs-exchange diagram for the lepton flavor violating muon-electron conversion process in nuclei in the supersymmetric seesaw model. The contribution is significant for a large value of tan beta and a small value of a neutral heavy Higgs boson mass, in which case the ratio of the branching ratios of B(mu N -> e N) / B(mu -> e gamma) is enhanced. We also show that the target atom dependence of the conversion branching ratio provides information on the size of the Higgs exchange diagram.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2003

Flavor hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories via 5-dimensional wave-function localization

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) Grand Unified Theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the Large angle MSW solution to the solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of the horizontal unification, in which three generations of the matter fields are unified to a 3 dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Top-Squark Study at a Future e^+e^- Linear Collider

We discuss a potential of studying the production and the decay of the lightest top squark (t-tilde_1) in the framework of the supersymmetric standard model at a future e^+e^- collider. In particular, we consider the process t-tilde_1 -> t chi^0_1 (with chi^0_1 being the lightest neutralino) followed by t -> bW. It is shown that, by the study of the angular distribution of the bottom quark (as well as the production cross section of the top squark), properties of chi_1^0 can be extracted. We also discuss that, if chi^0_1 is gaugino-like, the neutralino mixing parameters (i.e., the so-called mu-parameter and tan beta) may be constrained.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Detailed calculation of lepton flavor violating muon-electron conversion rate for various nuclei

The coherent muon-electron conversion rates in various nuclei are calculated for general lepton flavor violating interactions. We solve the Dirac equations numerically for the initial state muon and the final state electron in the Coulomb force, and perform the overlap integrals between the wave functions and the nucleon densities. The results indicate that the conversion branching ratio increases for a light nucleus up to the atomic number Z ~ 30, is largest for Z = 30 -- 60, and becomes smaller for a heavy nucleus with Z > (~ 60). We also discuss the uncertainty from the input proton and neutron densities. The atomic number dependence of the conversion ratio calculated here is useful to distinguish theoretical models with lepton flavor violation.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Small Dirac neutrino masses in supersymmetric grand unified theories

A simple mechanism to generate Dirac masses for the neutrinos in SU(5) supersymmetric grand unified theory is proposed. The tiny Dirac masses are induced by the small mixing between the Higgs fields and another superheavy fields. The mixing terms are obtained by the same mechanism as the mu-term generation of the order of the supersymmetry breaking scale, so that the mixing of order TeV / M_GUT \sim 10^{-13} is realized. We consider the lepton flavor violating processes in this model. The branching ratios are directly related to the neutrino oscillation parameters and we can predict the B(τ-> μγ) / B(μ-> e γ) ratio once the neutrino oscillation parameters are determined.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Scenery from the Top: Study of the Third Generation Squarks at CERN LHC

In the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) properties of the third generation sfermions are important from the viewpoint of discriminating the SUSY breaking models and in the determination of the Higgs boson mass. If gluinos are copiously produced at CERN LHC, gluino decays into tb through stop and sbottom can be studied using hadronic decays of the top quark. The kinematical endpoint of the gluino decays can be evaluated using a W sideband method to estimate combinatorial backgrounds. This implies that fundamental parameters related to the third generation squarks can be reliably measured. The top-quark polarization dependence in the decay process may also be extracted by looking at the b jet distribution near the kinematical endpoint.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Slepton Oscillation at Large Hadron Collider

Measurement of Lepton-Flavor Violation (LFV) in the minimal SUSY Standard Model (MSSM) at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is studied based on a realistic simulation. We consider the LFV decay of the second-lightest neutralino, $\tildeχ^0_2 \to \tilde{l} l' \to l l' \tildeχ^0_1$, in the case where the flavor mixing exists in the right-handed sleptons. We scan the parameter space of the minimal supergravity model (MSUGRA) and a more generic model in which we take the Higgsino mass $μ$ as a free parameter. We find that the possibility of observing LFV at LHC is higher if $μ$ is smaller than the MSUGRA prediction; the LFV search at LHC can cover the parameter range where the $μ\to e γ$ decay can be suppressed by the cancellation among the diagrams for this case.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Simple Brane World Scenario with Positive Five Dimensional Cosmological Constant

We present a simple brane-world model in five dimensions. In this model we do not need any fine-tuning between the five dimensional cosmological constant and the brane tension to obtain four dimensional flat Minkowski space. The space-time of our solution has no naked singularities. Further the compactification scale of the fifth direction is automatically determined.

hep-th↗

arXiv2001

Natural mu-term generation in supergravity scenario

We discuss a natural way to generate the mu-term in supergravity scenario. Once the supergravity effects are taken into account, the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the heavy fields are in general shifted from the values in the supersymmetric limit. We note that this fact is independent of any Kahler ansatz and the values of the VEV shifts are of the order of the gravitino mass. As an example, an explicit model is presented, in which both of the mu-term and the B-term of the electroweak scale are generated by the VEV shifts through the supergravity effects. This model is a kind of the next to minimal supersymmetric standard model, but there is no light standard model singlet field. Also, we emphasize that our discussion can be naturally applied to the supersymmetric grand unified theory.

hep-ph↗