arXiv subjects

S. James Gates Jr.

Publications and source records attributed to S. James Gates Jr..

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Modern Tensor-Spinor Symbolic Algebra Algorithms and Computing Non-Closure Geometry & Holoraumy in 11D, N = 1 Supergravity

The Supersymmetry Genomics project aims to classify supermultiplets by properties like adinkras and holoraumy. The project's protocol is: 1) set up the SUSY transformation rules (and action) with unknown numerical coefficients, 2) solve those coefficients, and 3) compute desired properties, e.g., non-closure geometry (the non-closure functions in the anticommutator of supercovariant derivatives) and holoraumy (the commutator of supercovariant derivatives). This paper provides the first broadly applicable computer algorithms for completing these computations, comprising a new Cadabra module we call ``SusyPy.'' We provide a significant extension of the available tensor-arithmetic/canonicalization to include spinor-indexed expressions and NW-SE convention, and we provide a new Fierz expansion algorithm for spinor-indexed expressions. On top of this new tensor-spinor symbolic algebra, we have built algorithms for solving for the coefficients of a multiplet and its action, and for computing holoraumy, for both off-shell and on-shell N = 1 multiplets of any dimension. We apply our tools to assimilate linearized 11D, N = 1 supergravity into the Genomics project. We demonstrate solving the 11D, N = 1 multiplet, as in Cremmer, Julia, and Scherk, in a few lines of code, and we provide a comprehensive picture of the multiplet's non-closure geometry. Further, we provide the first-ever computation of the holoraumy of 11D, N = 1 supergravity.

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arXiv2023

$\cal N$=2 SUSY and the Hexipentisteriruncicantitruncated 7-Simplex

We study algorithms for recursively creating arbitrary N-extended `supermultiplets' given minimal matrix representations of off-shell, N = 1 supermultiplet matrices. We observe connections between the color vertex problems in graph theory and the different supermultiplet sets locations in the permutahedron by using the concepts of truncation and chromatic number. The concept of `hopping operators' is introduced, constructed, and then used to partition the 8! vertices of the permutahedron. We explicitly partition these into 5,040 octets constrained in locations on the permutahedron by a magic number rule. Boolean factors in this recursive construction are shown to obey a doubly even binary flip rule. Although these hopping operators do not generally constitute normal subgroups of the permutation group, we find that `ab-normal cosets' exist where the same left- and right-hoppers appear as unordered sets. Finally, using computer simulations, we investigate the types of faces on higher-order permutahedron which may give rise to lower-order supermultiplets.

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arXiv2022

Superspace BRST/BV operators of superfield gauge theories

We consider the superspace BRST and BV description of $4D,~\mathcal{N}=1$ Super Maxwell theory and its non-abelian generalization Super Yang-Mills. By fermionizing the superspace gauge transformation of the gauge superfields we define the nilpotent superspace BRST symmetry transformation ($\mathscr{s}$). After introducing an appropriate set of anti-superfields and define the superspace antibracket, we use it to construct the BV-BRST nilpotent differential operator ($\mathfrak{s}$) in terms of superspace covariant derivatives. The anti-superfield independent terms of $\mathfrak{s}$ provide a superspace generalization of the Koszul-Tate resolution ($δ$). In the linearized limit, the set of superspace differential operators that appear in $\mathfrak{s}$ satisfy a nonlinear algebra which can be used to construct a BRST charge $Q$ without requiring pure spinor variables. $Q$ acts on the Hilbert space of superfield states and its cohomology generates the expected superspace equations of motion.

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arXiv2021

Superspace First Order Formalism, Trivial Symmetries and Electromagnetic Interactions of Linearized Supergravity

We introduce a first order description of linearized non-minimal ($n=-1$) supergravity in superspace, using the unconstrained prepotential superfield instead of the conventionally constrained super one forms. In this description, after integrating out the connection-like auxiliary superfield of first-order formalism, the superspace action is expressed in terms of a single superfield which combines the prepotential and compensator superfields. We use this description to construct the supersymmetric cubic interaction vertex $3/2-3/2-1/2$ which describes the electromagnetic interaction between two non-minimal supergravity multiplets (superspin $\textsf{Y}=3/2$ which contains a spin 2 and a spin 3/2 particles) and a vector multiplet (superspin $\textsf{Y}=1/2$ contains a spin 1 and a spin 1/2 particles). Exploring the trivial symmetries emerging between the two $\textsf{Y}=3/2$ supermultiplets, we show that this cubic vertex must depend on the vector multiplet superfield strength. This result generalize previous results for non-supersymmetric electromagnetic interactions of spin 2 particles. The constructed cubic interaction generates non-trivial deformations of the gauge transformations.

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arXiv2020

Supersymmetry and Representation Theory in Low Dimensions

Beginning from a discussion of the known most fundamental dynamical structures of the Standard Model of physics, extended into the realms of mathematics and theory by the concept of "supersymmetry" or "SUSY," an introduction to efforts to develop a complete representation theory is given. Techniques drawing from graph theory, coding theory, Coxeter Groups, Riemann surfaces, and computational approaches to the study of algebraic varieties are briefly highlighted as pathways for future exploration and progress.

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arXiv2020

Hierarchy of Supersymmetric Higher Spin Connections

We focus on the geometrical reformulation of free higher spin supermultiplets in $4\rm{D},~\mathcal{N}=1$ flat superspace. We find that there is a de Wit-Freedman like hierarchy of superconnections with simple gauge transformations. The requirement for sensible free equations of motion imposes constraints on the gauge parameter superfields. Unlike the nonsupersymmetric case, we find several different constraints that can decouple the higher superconnections. By lifting these constraints nongeometrically via compensators we recover all known descriptions of arbitrary integer and half-integer gauge supermultiplets. In the constrained formulation we find a new description of half-integer supermultiplets, generalizing the new-minimal and virial formulations of linearized supergravity to higher spins. However this description can be formulated using compensators. The various descriptions can be labeled as geometrical or nongeometrical if the equations of motion can be expressed purely in terms of superconnections or not.

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arXiv2020

Superfield Component Decompositions and the Scan for Prepotential Supermultiplets in 10D Superspaces

The first complete and explicit SO(1,9) Lorentz descriptions of all component fields contained in $\mathcal{N} = 1$, $\mathcal{N} = 2$A, and $\mathcal{N} = 2$B unconstrained scalar 10D superfields are presented. These are made possible by the discovery of the relation of the superfield component expansion as a consequence of the branching rules of irreducible representations in one ordinary Lie algebra into one of its Lie subalgebras. Adinkra graphs for ten dimensional superspaces are defined for the first time, whose nodes depict spin bundle representations of SO(1,9). An analog of Breitenlohner's approach is implemented to scan for superfields that contain graviton(s) and gravitino(s), which are the candidates for the prepotential superfields of 10D off-shell supergravity theories and separately abelian Yang-Mills theories are similarly treated. Version three contains additional content, both historical and conceptual, which broaden the reach of the scan in the 10D Yang-Mills case.

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arXiv2019

Higher Spin Supersymmetry at the Cosmological Collider: Sculpting SUSY Rilles in the CMB

We study the imprint of higher spin supermultiplets on cosmological correlators, namely the non-Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background. Supersymmetry is used as a guide to introduce the contribution of fermionic higher spin particles, which have been neglected thus far in the literature. This necessarily introduces more than just a single additional fermionic superpartner, since the spectrum of massive, higher spin supermultiplets includes two propagating higher spin bosons and two propagating higher spin fermions, which all contribute to the three point function. As an example we consider the half-integer superspin $\textsf{Y}=s+1/2$ supermultiplet, which includes particles of spin values $j=s+1,~j=s+1/2,~j=s+1/2$ and $j=s$. We compute the curvature perturbation 3-point function for higher spin particle exchange and find that the known $P_{s}(\cos θ)$ angular dependence is accompanied by superpartner contributions that scale as $P_{s+1}(\cos θ)$ and $\sum_{m}P^{m}_{s} (\cos θ)$, with $P_{s}$ and $P_{s} ^m$ defined as the Legendre and Associated Legendre polynomials respectively. We also compute the tensor-scalar-scalar 3-point function, and find a complicated angular dependence as an integral over products of Legendre and associated Legendre polynomials.

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arXiv2019

Progress on cubic interactions of arbitrary superspin supermultiplets via gauge invariant supercurrents

We consider cubic interactions of the form $s-Y-Y$ between a massless integer superspin $s$ supermultiplet and two massless arbitrary integer or half integer superspin $Y$ supermultiplets. We focus on non-minimal interactions generated by gauge invariant supercurrent multiplets which are bilinear in the superfield strength of the superspin $Y$ supermultiplet. We find two types of consistent supercurrents. The first one corresponds to conformal integer superspin $s$ supermultiplets, exist only for even values of $s, s=2\ell+2$, for arbitrary values of $Y$ and it is unique. The second one, corresponds to Poincaré integer superspin $s$ supermultiplets, exist for arbitrary values of $s$ and $Y$.

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arXiv2019

Superfield continuous spin equations of motion

We propose a description of %manifestly supersymmetric continuous spin representations in $4D,\mathcal{N}=1$ Minkowski superspace at the level of equations of motions. The usual continuous spin wave function is promoted to a chiral or a complex linear superfield which includes both the single-valued (span integer helicities) and the double-valued (span half-integer helicities) representations thus making their connection under supersymmetry manifest. The set of proposed superspace constraints for both superfield generate the expected Wigner's conditions for both representations.

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arXiv2018

Conserved higher spin supercurrents for arbitrary spin massless supermultiplets and higher spin superfield cubic interactions

We give an explicit superspace construction of higher spin conserved supercurrents built out of $4D,\mathcal{N}=1$ massless supermultiplets of arbitrary spin. These supercurrents are gauge invariant and generate a large class of cubic interactions between a massless supermultiplet with superspin $Y_1=s_1+1/2$ and two massless supermultiplets of arbitrary superspin $Y_2$. These interactions are possible only for $s_1\geq 2Y_2$. At the equality, the supercurrent acquires its simplest form and defines the supersymmetric, higher spin extension of the linearized Bel-Robinson tensor.

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arXiv2018

Interaction of supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models with external higher spin superfields via higher spin supercurrents

We consider a four dimensional generalized Wess-Zumino model formulated in terms of an arbitrary Kähler potential $\mathcal{K}(Φ,\barΦ)$ and an arbitrary chiral superpotential $\mathcal{W}(Φ)$. A general analysis is given to describe the possible interactions of this theory with external higher spin gauge superfields of the ($s+1,s+1/2$) supermultiplet via higher spin supercurrents. It is shown that such interactions do not exist beyond supergravity $(s\geq2)$ for any $\mathcal{K}$ and $\mathcal{W}$. However, we find three exceptions, the theory of a free massless chiral, the theory of a free massive chiral and the theory of a free chiral with linear superpotential. For the first two, the higher spin supercurrents are known and for the third one we provide the explicit expressions. We also discuss the lower spin supercurrents. As expected, a coupling to (non-minimal) supergravity ($s=1$) can always be found and we give the generating supercurrent and supertrace for arbitrary $\mathcal{K}$ and $\mathcal{W}$. On the other hand, coupling to the vector supermultiplet ($s=0$) is possible only if $\mathcal{K}=\mathcal{K}(\barΦΦ)$ and $\mathcal{W}=0$.

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arXiv2017

Higher Spin Superfield interactions with the Chiral Supermultiplet: Conserved Supercurrents and Cubic Vertices

We investigate cubic interactions between a chiral superfield and higher spin superfield corresponding to irreducible representations of the $4D,\, \mathcal{N}=1$ super-Poincaré algebra. We do this by demanding an invariance under the most general transformation, linear in the chiral superfield. Following Noether's method we construct an infinite tower of higher spin supercurrent multiplets which are quadratic in the chiral superfield and include higher derivatives. The results are that a single, massless, chiral superfield can couple only to the half-integer spin supermultiplets $(s+1,s+1/2)$ and for every value of spin there is an appropriate improvement term that reduces the supercurrent multiplet to a minimal multiplet which matches that of superconformal higher spins. On the other hand a single, massive, chiral superfield can couple only to higher spin supermultiplets of type $(2l+2\hspace{0.3ex},\hspace{0.1ex}2l+3/2)$ and there is no minimal multiplet. Furthermore, for the massless case we discuss the component level higher spin currents and provide explicit expressions for the integer and half-integer spin conserved currents together with a R-symmetry current.

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arXiv2017

From Diophantus to Supergravity and massless higher spin multiplets

We present a new method of deriving the off-shell spectrum of supergravity and massless $4D,~\mathcal{N}=1$ higher spin multiplets without the need of an action and based on a set of natural requirements: (a.) existence of an underlying superspace description, (b.) an economical description of free, massless, higher spins and (c.) equal numbers of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. We prove that for any theory that respects the above, the fermionic auxiliary components come in pairs and are gauge invariant and there are two types of bosonic auxiliary components. Type (1) are pairs of a $(2,0)$-tensor with real or imaginary $(1,1)$-tensor with non-trivial gauge transformations. Type (2) are singlets and gauge invariant. The outcome is a set of Diophantine equations, the solutions of which determine the off-shell spectrum of supergravity and massless higher spin multiplets. This approach provides (i) a classification of the irreducible, supersymmetric, representations of arbitrary spin and (ii) a very clean and intuitive explanation to why some of these theories have more than one formulations (e.g. the supergravity multiplet) and others do not.

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arXiv2017

Adinkras From Ordered Quartets of BC${}_4$ Coxeter Group Elements and Regarding 1,358,954,496 Matrix Elements of the Gadget

We examine values of the Adinkra Holoraumy-induced Gadget representation space metric over all possible four-color, four-open node, and four-closed node adinkras. Of the 1,358,954,496 gadget matrix elements, only 226,492,416 are non-vanishing and take on one of three values: $-1/3$, $1/3$, or $1$ and thus a subspace isomorphic to a description of a body-centered tetrahedral molecule emerges.

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arXiv2015

On 4D, N = 1 Massless Gauge Superfields of Higher Superspin: Half-Odd-Integer Case

We present an alternative method to explore the off-shell component structure of theories that describe half-integer super-helicities Y=s+1/2 (where sis any positive integer). We use it to derive the component action, component SUSY transformation laws, and count the component-level degrees of freedom involved. This counting will give us clues about N=2 representations. The foundation of the process relies on the superfield equations of motion, generated by variation of a superspace action expressed in terms of prepotentials. Using this approach we reproduce the half-integer super-helicity superspace action using unconstrained superfields.

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arXiv2015

Adinkras, 0-branes, Holoraumy and the SUSY QFT/QM Correspondence

We propose the recently defined "Holoraumy Tensor" to play a critical role in defining a metric to establish a correspondence between 4D, N-extended 0-brane-based valise supermultiplet representations and, correspondingly via "SUSY Holography," on the space of 1D, 4N-extended network-based adinkras. Using an analogy with the su(3) algebra, it is argued the 0-brane holoraumy tensors plays the role of the "d-coefficients" and provides a newly established tool for investigating supersymmetric representation theory.

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arXiv2014

Superforms in Five-Dimensional, $N = 1$ Superspace

We examine the five-dimensional super-de Rham complex with $N = 1$ supersymmetry. The elements of this complex are presented explicitly and related to those of the six-dimensional complex in $N = (1, 0)$ superspace through a specific notion of dimensional reduction. This reduction also gives rise to a second source of five-dimensional super-cocycles that is based on the relative cohomology of the two superspaces. In the process of investigating these complices, we discover various new features including branching and fusion (loops) in the super-de Rham complex, a natural interpretation of "Weil triviality", $p$-cocycles that are not supersymmetric versions of closed bosonic $p$-forms, and the opening of a "gap" in the complex for $D > 4$ in which we find a multiplet of superconformal gauge parameters.

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