arXiv subjects

S. Park

Publications and source records attributed to S. Park.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

arXiv2005

Ferroelectricity induced by acentric spin-density waves in YMn$_2$O$_5$

The commensurate and incommensurate magnetic structures of the magnetoelectric system YMn$_{2}$O$_{5}$, as determined from neutron diffraction, were found to be spin-density waves lacking a global center of symmetry. We propose a model, based on a simple magneto-elastic coupling to the lattice, which enables us to predict the polarization based entirely on the observed magnetic structure. Our data accurately reproduce the temperature-dependence of the spontaneous polarization, in particular its sign reversal at the commensurate-incommensurate transition.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

Field dependence of magnetic ordering in Kagome-staircase compound Ni3V2O8

We present powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and bulk measurements of the Kagome-staircase compound Ni3V2O8 (NVO) in fields up to 8.5T applied along the c-direction. (The Kagome plane is the a-c plane.) This system contains two types of Ni ions, which we call "spine" and "cross-tie". Our neutron measurements can be described with the paramagnetic space group Cmca for T < 15K and each observed magnetically ordered phase is characterized by the appropriate irreducible representation(s). Our zero-field measurements show that at T_PH=9.1K NVO undergoes a transition to an incommensurate order which is dominated by a longitudinally-modulated structure with the spine spins mainly parallel to the a-axis. Upon further cooling, a transition is induced at T_HL=6.3K to an elliptically polarized incommensurate structure with both spine and cross-tie moments in the a-b plane. At T_LC=4K the system undergoes a first-order phase transition, below which the magnetic structure is a commensurate antiferromagnet with the staggered magnetization primarily along the a-axis and a weak ferromagnetic moment along the c-axis. A specific heat peak at T_CC'=2.3K indicates an additional transition, which we were however not able to relate to a change of the magnetic structure. Neutron, specific heat, and magnetization measurements produce a comprehensive temperature-field phase diagram. The symmetries of the two incommensurate magnetic phases are consistent with the observation that only one phase has a spontaneous ferroelectric polarization. All the observed magnetic structures are explained theoretically using a simplified model Hamiltonian, involving competing nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions, spin anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and pseudo-dipolar interactions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Statics and dynamics of an incommensurate spin order in a geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet CdCr$_2$O$_4$

Using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering we show that a cubic spinel, CdCr$_2$O$_4$, undergoes an elongation along the c-axis ($c > a = b$) at its spin-Peierls-like phase transition at $T_N$ = 7.8 K. The Néel phase ($T < T_N$) has an incommesurate spin structure with a characteristic wave vector \textbf{Q}$_M$ = (0,$δ$,1) with $δ\sim$ 0.09 and with spins lying on the $ac$-plane. This is in stark contrast to another well-known Cr-based spinel, ZnCr$_2$O$_4$, that undergoes a c-axis contraction and a commensurate spin order. The magnetic excitations of the incommensurate Néel state has a weak anisotropy gap of 0.6 meV and it consists of at least three bands extending up to 5 meV.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Suppressed magnetization in La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ superlattices

We studied the magnetic properties of La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ superlattices. Magnetometry showed that with increasing YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ layer thickness the saturation magnetization per La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ layer decreases. From polarized neutron reflectometry we determined that this magnetization reduction is due to an inhomogenous magnetization depth profile arising from the suppression of magnetization near the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ interface. Electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates an increased 3d band occupation of the Mn atoms in the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ layers at the interface. Thus, the suppression of ferromagnetic order at the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ interface is most likely due to charge transfer between the two materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

Chandra Observations of Shock Kinematics in Supernova Remnant 1987A

We report the first results from deep X-ray observations of the SNR 1987A with the Chandra LETG. Temperatures inferred from line ratios range from 0.1 - 2 keV and increase with ionization potential. Expansion velocities inferred from X-ray line profiles range from 300 - 1700 km/s, much less than the velocities inferred from the radial expansion of the radio and X-ray images. We can account for these observations with a scenario in which the X-rays are emitted by shocks produced where the supernova blast wave strikes dense protrusions of the inner circumstellar ring, which are also responsible for the optical hot spots.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

Magnetic excitations in weakly coupled spin dimers and chains material Cu2Fe2Ge4O13

Magnetic excitations in a weakly coupled spin dimers and chains compound Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 are measured by inelastic neutron scattering. Both structure factors and dispersion of low energy excitations up to 10 meV energy transfer are well described by a semiclassical spin wave theory involving interacting Fe$^{3+}$ ($S = 5/2$) chains. Additional dispersionless excitations are observed at higher energies, at $\hbar ω= 24$ meV, and associated with singlet-triplet transitions within Cu$^{2+}$-dimers. Both types of excitations can be understood by treating weak interactions between the Cu$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$ subsystems at the level of the Mean Field/ Random Phase Approximation. However, this simple model fails to account for the measured temperature dependence of the 24 meV mode.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Hole emitter whispering galleries of photonic quantum ring

We report on the first observation of hole whispering gallery lasers from semiconductor microcavities with three dimensional optical confinement, with thresholds potentially reducible to micro-to-nano ampere regimes according to a quadratic size-dependent reduction, due to ideal quantum wire properties of the naturally formed photonic quantum rings before imminent recombination in a dynamic steady state fashion. If the device size grows over a critical diameter, the quantum ring whispering gallery then begins to disappear. However, cooperative small hole arrays like 256x256 quantum ring emitters avoid the criticality and open a possibility of constructing practical dense electro-pumped micro-to-nano watt emitter arrays, amenable to mega-to-giga ring emitter chip development via present fabrication techniques.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2005

Structure and Thermodynamics of the Mixed Alkali Alanates

The thermodynamics and structural properties of the hexahydride alanates (M2M'AlH6) with the elpasolite structure have been investigated. A series of mixed alkali alanates (Na2LiAlH6, K2LiAlH6 and K2NaAlH6) were synthesized and found to reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen without the need for a catalyst. Pressure-composition isotherms were measured to investigate the thermodynamics of the absorption and desorption reactions with hydrogen. Isotherms for catalyzed (4 mol% TiCl3) and uncatalyzed Na2LiAlH6 exhibited an increase in kinetics, but no change in the bulk thermodynamics with the addition of a dopant. A structural analysis using synchrotron x-ray diffraction showed that these compounds favor the Fm-3m space group with the smaller ion (M') occupying an octahedral site. These results demonstrate that appropriate cation substitutions can be used to stabilize or destabilize the material and may provide an avenue to improving the unfavorable thermodynamics of a number of materials with promising gravimetric hydrogen densities.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

Synthesis and characterization of Na03RhO206H2O - a semiconductor with a weak ferromagnetic component

We have prepared the oxyhydrate Na03RhO206H2O by extracting Na+ cations from NaRhO2 and intercalating water molecules using an aqueous solution of Na2S2O8. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) reveal that a non-stoichiometric Na03(H2O)06 network separates layers of edge-sharing RhO6 octahedra containing Rh3+(4d6, S=0) and Rh4+ (4d5, S=1/2). The resistivities of NaRhO2 and Na03RhO206H2O (T < 300) reveal insulating and semi-conducting behavior with activation gaps of 134 meV and 7.8 meV, respectively. Both Na03RhO206H2O and NaRhO2 show paramagnetism at room temperature, however, the sodium-deficient sample exhibits simultaneously a weak but experimentally reproducible ferromagnetic component. Both samples exhibit a temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism, for NaRhO2 at T > 50 K and for Na03RhO206H2O at T > 25 K. The relative magnitudes of the temperature-independent magnetic susceptibilities, that of the oxide sample being half that of the oxyhydrate, is consistent with a higher density of thermally accessible electron states at the Fermi level in the hydrated sample. At low temperatures the magnetic moments rise sharply, providing evidence of localized and weakl -ordered electronic spins.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

Synthesis and Structure of the Monolayer Hydrate K03CoO2 x 04H2O

The monolayer hydrate (MLH) K03CoO2 x 04H2O was synthesized from K06CoO2 by extracting K+ cations using K2S2O8 as an oxidant and the subsequent intercalation of water between the layers of edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. A hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) with lattice parameters a = 2.8262(1) Angstrom, c = 13.8269(6) Angstrom similar to the MLH Na036CoO2 x 07H2O was established using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. The K/H2O layer in the K-MLH is disordered, which is in contrast to the Na-MLH. At low temperatures metallic and paramagnetic behavior was found.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2005

The S=1/2 chain in a staggered field: High-energy bound-spinon state and the effects of a discrete lattice

We report an experimental and theoretical study of the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain subject to uniform and staggered fields. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we observe a novel bound-spinon state at high energies in the linear chain compound CuCl2 * 2((CD3)2SO). The excitation is explained with a mean-field theory of interacting S=1/2 fermions and arises from the opening of a gap at the Fermi surface due to confining spinon interactions. The mean-field model also describes the wave-vector dependence of the bound-spinon states, particularly in regions where effects of the discrete lattice are important. We calculate the dynamic structure factor using exact diagonalization of finite length chains, obtaining excellent agreement with the experiments.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Spin structure and magnetic frustration in multiferroic RMn2O5 (R = Tb, Ho, Dy)

We have studied the crystal and magnetic structures of the magnetoelectric materials RMn2O5 (R = Tb, Ho, Dy) using neutron diffraction as a function of temperature. All three materials display incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering below 40 K, becoming commensurate on further cooling. For R = Tb, Ho, a commensurate-incommensurate transition takes place at low temperatures. The commensurate magnetic structures have been solved and are discussed in terms of competing exchange interactions. The spin configuration within the ab plane is essentially the same for each system, and the radius of R determines the sign of the magnetic exchange between adjacent planes. The inherent magnetic frustration in these materials is lifted by a small lattice distortion, primarily involving shifts of the Mn3+ cations and giving rise to a canted antiferroelectric phase.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2004

Defect Structure of the High-Dielectric-Constant Perovskite Cacu3ti4o12

Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) we studied CaCu3Ti4O12, an intriguing material that exhibits a huge dielectric response, up to kilohertz frequencies, over a wide range of temperature. Neither in single crystals, nor in polycrystalline samples, including sintered bulk- and thin-films, did we observe the twin domains suggested in the literature. Nevertheless, in the single crystals, we saw a very high density of dislocations with a Burger vector of [110], as well as regions with cation disorder and planar defects with a displacement vector 1/4[110]. In the polycrystalline samples, we observed many grain boundaries with oxygen deficiency, in comparison with the grain interior. The defect-related structural disorders and inhomogeneity, serving as an internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) in a semiconducting matrix, might explain the very large dielectric response of the material. Our TEM study of the structure defects in CaCu3Ti4O12 supports a recently proposed morphological model with percolating conducting regions and blocking regions.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2004

Orbital and spin chains in ZnV2O4

Our powder inelastic neutron scattering data indicate that \zvo is a system of spin chains that are three dimensionally tangled in the cubic phase above 50 K due to randomly occupied $t_{2g}$ orbitals of V$^{3+}$ ($3d^2$) ions. Below 50 K in the tetragonal phase, the chains become straight due to antiferro-orbital ordering. This is evidenced by the characteristic wave vector dependence of the magnetic structure factor that changes from symmetric to asymmetric at the cubic-to-tetragonal transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2004

Anomalous critical behavior near the quantum critical point of a hole-doped La2CuO4

The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm for critical phenomena is spectacularly successful whenever the critical temperature is finite and all fluctuation modes, with characteristic energies much smaller than the thermal energy, obey classical statistics. In zero-temperature quantum critical phenomena, classical thermal fluctuations are replaced by zero-point quantum fluctuations and quantum-mechanical generalization of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm has been a central topic in condensed-matter physics. In this neutron-scattering study on spin fluctuations near the quantum critical point induced by hole-doping in La2CuO4 (Li doping concentration from 0.04 to 0.1), the phase boundary for quantum crossover expected from the generalized quantum theory for critical phenomena was observed for the first time. Furthermore, critical exponent and scaling function become anomalous near the quantum critical point, which has not been expected in current theories.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2004

Competing Magnetic Phases on a "Kagome Staircase"

We present thermodynamic and neutron data on Ni_3V_2O_8, a spin-1 system on a kagome staircase. The extreme degeneracy of the kagome antiferromagnet is lifted to produce two incommensurate phases at finite T - one amplitude modulated, the other helical - plus a commensurate canted antiferromagnet for T ->0. The H-T phase diagram is described by a model of competing first and second neighbor interactions with smaller anisotropic terms. Ni_3V_2O_8 thus provides an elegant example of order from sub leading interactions in a highly frustrated system

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2004

Diffuse X-ray Emission in a Deep Chandra Image of the Galactic Center

We examine the spectrum of diffuse emission detected in the 17' by 17' field around Sgr A* during 625 ks of Chandra observations. The spectrum exhibits He-like and H-like lines from Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, that are consistent with originating in a two-temperature plasma, as well as a prominent low-ionization Fe line. The cooler, kT=0.8 keV plasma differs in surface brightness across the image by a factor of 9. This soft plasma is probably heated by supernovae. The radiative cooling rate of the plasma within the inner 20 pc of the Galaxy could be balanced by 1% of the kinetic energy of one supernova every 300,000 y. The hotter, kT=8 keV component is more spatially uniform, ranging over a factor of 2 in surface brightness. The intensity of the hard plasma is correlated with that of the soft, but they are probably only indirectly related, because supernova remnants are not observed to produce thermal plasma hotter than kT=3 keV. Moreover, a kT=8 keV plasma is too hot to be bound to the Galactic center, and therefore would form a slow wind or fountain of plasma. The energy required to sustain such a freely-expanding plasma within the inner 20 pc of the Galaxy is ~10^40 erg/s, which corresponds to the entire kinetic energy of one supernova every 3000 y. This rate is unreasonably high. However, alternative explanations for the kT=8 keV diffuse emission are equally unsatisfying. We are left to conclude that either the diffuse emission is heated by an unanticipated source of energy, or that a population of faint (< 10^31 erg/s), hard X-ray sources that are a factor of 10 more numerous than CVs remains to be discovered. (Abridged)

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Cooperative ordering of gapped and gapless spin networks in Cu$_2$Fe$_2$Ge$_4$O$_{13}$

The unusual magnetic properties of a novel low-dimensional quantum ferrimagnet Cu$_2$Fe$_2$Ge$_4$O$_{13}$ are studied using bulk methods, neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering. It is shown that this material can be described in terms of two low-dimensional quantum spin subsystems, one gapped and the other gapless, characterized by two distinct energy scales. Long-range magnetic ordering observed at low temperatures is a cooperative phenomenon caused by weak coupling of these two spin networks.

cond-mat.str-el↗