arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S. Riemann.
Extending the sensitivity to New Physics beyond the anticipated reach of the LHC is a prime aim of future colliders. This paper summarises the potential of an e+e- linear collider, at and beyond 1 TeV, using a realistic simulation of the detector response and the accelerator induced background. The possible LC energy-luminosity trade-offs offered in probing multi-TeV scales for new phenomena with electro-weak observables are also discussed.
The past ten years of physics with e+e- colliding experiments at LEP and SLAC have shown the success of these experiments on not only impressively proving the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model (SM), but also to help provide stringent bounds on physics beyond the SM. With this experience in mind, there appear two equally fascinating opportunities for studying fermion-pair production processes at a future Linear Collider (LC). On the one hand, performing high precision measurements to the SM, for example, when running with high luminosity at the Z boson resonance, could be a quick and feasible enterprise in order to pin down the symmetry breaking mechanism of the electroweak sector through indirectly determining the masses of a light SM or MSSM Higgs boson or supersymmetric particles via virtual corrections. On the other hand, looking for such particles in direct production or other `New Physics' effects at energies between, for example, roughly 500 and 800 GeV will naturally be the main motivation to pursue the challenging endeavor of building and utilizing such a unique facility. These two scenarios for the LC shall be sketched here, with particular emphasis on the semi-analytical program ZFITTER for fermion-pair production in comparison with numerical programs like TOPAZ0, KK2f, and others.
This report summarizes the results of the two-fermion working group of the LEP2-MC workshop, held at CERN from 1999 to 2000. Recent developments in the theoretical calculations of the two fermion production process in the electron-positron collision at LEP2 center of the mass energies are reported. The Bhabha process and the production of muon, tau, neutrino and quark pairs is covered. On the basis of comparison of various calculations, theoretical uncertainties are estimated and compared with those needed for the final LEP2 data analysis. The subjects for the further studies are identified.
We describe ZFITTER, a Fortran program based on a semi-analytical approach to fermion pair production in e+e- annihilation at a wide range of centre-of-mass energies, including the PETRA, TRISTAN, LEP1/SLC, and LEP2 energies. A flexible treatment of complete O(alpha) QED corrections and of some higher order contributions is made possible with three calculational chains containing different realistic sets of restrictions in the photon phase space. Numerical integrations are at most one-dimensional. Complete O(alpha) weak loop corrections supplemented by selected higher-order terms may be included. The program calculates Delta r, the Z width, differential cross-sections, total cross-sections, integrated forward-backward asymmetries, left-right asymmetries, and for tau pair production also final-state polarization effects. Various interfaces allow fits to be performed with different sets of free parameters.
New data on parity violation in atomic cesium can be explained by a new neutral vector boson almost unmixed with Z, with a mass in the TeV range and sizeable couplings to the fermions. The properties of such additional Z' can be investigated at future linear colliders.
ZFITTER is a Fortran package for the description of fermion-pair production in e+e- annihilation. We report on results of a rederivation of the complete set of analytical O(alpha) formulae for the treatment of photonic corrections to the total cross-section and the integrated forward-backward asymmetry with combined cuts on acollinearity angle, acceptance angle, and minimal energy of the fermions. Numerically, the following changes result in ZFITTER v. 6.11 compared to ZFITTER v. 5.20/21: (i) at the Z resonance -- numerical changes are negligible; (ii) at LEP 1 energies off-resonance -- corrections amount to at most few per mil; (iii) at LEP 2 energies -- corrections amount to one per cent or less. Thus, the predictions for LEP/SLC data remain unchanged within the actual errors.
The status of predictions for fermion-pair production at LEP is summarized with emphasis on LEP2 energies and on the physics interest there. Some numerical comparisons with other programs are performed. We also present first results of a semi-analytical recalculation of photonic corrections with acollinearity cut in the ZFITTER approach.
We derive a method for a common treatment of Z' exchange, QED corrections, and weak loops. It is based on the form factor approach to the description of weak loop corrections to partial Z widths and cross sections. Problems connected with ZZ' mixing are discussed with special care. Our theoretical results are applied to the package ZFITTER. We demonstrate two different ways to the data analysis - one based on an extension of the standard model cross sections, the other on model-independent formulae together with the Z width calculations in presence of a Z'. With the resulting package ZEFIT+ZFITTER, LEP1 data from fermion pair production, including Bhabha scattering, can be analysed on, but also off the Z peak. Further, the code may be used at very high energies, e.g. in the region of a possible future linear e+e- collider.
The search for a Z' is one of the tasks of future colliders. I study the capability to detect the Z' at a linear e+e- collider operating below resonance production. Depending on m_{\Zp} and the collider parameters we will be able to discriminate between Z' models.
The report summarizes the results of the activities of the Working Group on Precision Calculations for the Z Resonance at CERN during 1994.
The discovery of a Z' and the measurement of Z' couplings to fermions are main tasks of future colliders. Here, the possibilities to measure Z' f \bar f couplings at an NLC operating below a Z' resonance are studied. In dependence on the mass of the Z' and the collider parameters one will be able to discriminate between Z' models.
Expectations for constraints on extra Z bosons are derived for LEP 2 and future linear e+e- colliders. For typical GUTs, a Z' with M_{Z'} \le 3 to 6 \sqrt{s} may cause observable effects. The Z' discovery limits are dominated by statistical errors. However, if a Z' signal is observed, the discrimination between different models becomes much worse if systematic errors are taken into account. Discrimination between models is possible for M_{Z'} < 3 \sqrt{s}. A determination of Z' f \bar f couplings independently of models becomes attractive with future colliders. Anticipated bounds are determined.
The limits on extra neutral gauge bosons, which could be reached at LEP2, are reviewed. Exclusion and discovery limits are discussed for f\bar f and WW production.
Constraints on extra neutral gauge bosons are obtained from $e^+e^-\rightarrow f\bar f$ at NLC energies. Model independent limits on the $Z'f\bar f$ couplings and lower limits on the $Z'$ mass are discussed. Typical GUTs with $M_{Z'}$ up to (3 -- 6) $\sqrt{s}$ can be excluded. A distinction between different GUT scenarios is possible if $M_{Z'}\le 3\sqrt{s}$. Radiative corrections give only small changes to the $Z'$ exclusion limits provided that appropriate cuts are applied. %The inclusion of systematic errors leads to slightly worse results for %$M_{Z'}^{lim}$.
We describe how to use ZFITTER, a program based on a semi-analytical approach to fermion pair production in e+e- annihilation and Bhabha scattering. A flexible treatment of complete ${\cal O}(α)$ QED corrections, also including higher orders, allows for three calculational {\bf chains} with different realistic sets of restrictions in the photon phase space. {\tt ZFITTER} consists of several {\bf branches} with varying assumptions on the underlying hard scattering process. One includes complete ${\cal O}(α)$ weak loop corrections with a resummation of leading higher-order terms. Alternatively, an ansatz inspired from S-matrix theory, or several model-independent effective Born cross sections may be convoluted. The program calculates cross sections, forward-backward asymmetries, and for $τ$~pair production also the final-state polarization. Various {\bf interfaces} allow fits to be performed with different sets of free parameters.