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Saharon Shelah

Publications and source records attributed to Saharon Shelah.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
arXiv1998

Possible Size of an ultrapower of omega

Let omega be the first infinite ordinal (or the set of all natural numbers) with the usual order <. In section 1 we show that, assuming the consistency of a supercompact cardinal, there may exist an ultrapower of omega, whose cardinality is (1) a singular strong limit cardinal, (2) a strongly inaccessible cardinal. This answers two questions in [CK], modulo the assumption of supercompactness. In section 2 we construct several lambda-Archimedean ultrapowers of omega under some large cardinal assumptions. For example, we show that, assuming the consistency of a measurable cardinal, there may exist a lambda-Archimedean ultrapower of omega for some uncountable cardinal lambda. This answers a question in [KS], modulo the assumption of measurability.

math.LO↗
arXiv1998

A model with no magic sets

We will prove that there exists a model of ZFC+``c= omega_2'' in which every M subseteq R of cardinality less than continuum c is meager, and such that for every X subseteq R of cardinality c there exists a continuous function f:R-> R with f[X]=[0,1]. In particular in this model there is no magic set, i.e., a set M subseteq R such that the equation f[M]=g[M] implies f=g for every continuous nowhere constant functions f,g:R-> R .

math.LO↗
arXiv1998

On Ciesielski's problems

We discuss some problems posed by Ciesielski. For example we show that, consistently, d_c is a singular cardinal and e_c R there are functions g_n,h_n:R ---> R, n< omega, such that f(x,y)= sum_{n=0}^{infty} g_n(x)h_n(y). Finally, we deal with countably continuous functions and we show that in the Cohen model they are exactly the functions f with the property that (for all U in [R]^{aleph_1})(exists U^* in [U]^{aleph_1}) (f restriction U^* is continuous).

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Was Sierpinski right? IV

We prove for any mu = mu^{< mu}< theta < lambda, lambda large enough (just strongly inaccessible Mahlo) the consistency of 2^mu = lambda-> [theta]^2_3 and even 2^mu = lambda-> [theta]^2_{sigma,2} for sigma < mu . The new point is that possibly theta > mu^+ .

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Non-elementary proper forcing notions

We present reasons for developing a theory of forcing notions which satisfy the properness demand for countable models which are not necessarily elementary submodels of some (H(chi), in). This leads to forcing notions which are ``reasonably'' definable. We present two specific properties materializing this intuition: nep (non-elementary properness) and snep (Souslin non-elementary properness). For this we consider candidates (countable models to which the definition applies), and the older Souslin proper. A major theme here is ``preservation by iteration'', but we also show a dichotomy: if such forcing notions preserve the positiveness of the set of old reals for some naturally define c.c.c. ideals, then they preserve the positiveness of any old positive set. We also prove that (among such forcing notions) the only one commuting with Cohen is Cohen itself.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

More on the lifting problem with the full ideal

We prove in ZFC that for mu >= aleph_2 there is a sigma --ideal I on mu and a Boolean sigma --subalgebra B of the family of subsets of mu which includes I such that the natural homomorphism from B onto B/I cannot be lifted.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Complete sigma-centered Boolean algebra not adding Cohen reals

It is shown that there exists a complete, atomless, sigma-centered Boolean algebra, which does not contain any regular countable subalgebra if and only if there exist a nowhere dense ultrafilter. Therefore the existence of such algebras is undecidable in ZFC.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

The covering numbers of Mycielski ideals are all equal

The Mycielski ideal M_k is defined to consist of all sets A subseteq k^omega such that {f restriction X: f in A} not= k^X for all X in [omega]^{aleph_0}. It will be shown that the covering numbers for these ideals are all equal. However, the covering numbers of the closely associated Roslanowski ideals will be shown to be consistently different.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

More on entangled linear orders

This paper grew as a continuation of [Sh462] but in the present form it can serve as a motivation for it as well. We deal with the same notions, and use just one simple lemma from there. Originally entangledness was introduced in order to get narrow Boolean algebras and examples of the nonmultiplicativity of c.c-ness. These applications became marginal when the hope to extract new such objects or strong colourings were not materialized, but after the pcf constructions which made their debut in [Sh:g] it seems that this notion gained independence. Generally we aim at characterizing the existence strong and weak entangled orders in cardinal arithmetic terms. In [Sh462] necessary conditions were shown for strong entangledness which in a previous version was erroneously proved to be equivalent to plain entangledness. In section 1 we give a forcing counterexample to this equivalence and in section 2 we get those results for entangledness (certainly the most interesting case). In section 3 we get weaker results for positively entangledness, especially when supplemented with the existence of a separating point. An antipodal case is defined and completely characterized. Lastly we outline a forcing example showing that these two subcases of positive entangledness comprise no dichotomy.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Dominating numbers for countable structures

This paper is concerned with certain generalizations of meagreness and their combinatorial equivalents. The simplest example, and the one which motivated further study in this area, comes about by considering the following definition: a set X subseteq R is said to be Q-nowhere dense if and only if for every rational q there exists and integer k such that the interval whose endpoints are q and q+1/k is disjoint from X. A set which is the union of countably many Q-nowhere dense sets will be called Q-very meagre. Steprans considered the least number of Q-meagre sets required to cover the real line and denoted by d_1. He showed that there is a continuous function H --- first constructed by Lebesgue --- such that the least number of smooth functions into which H can be decomposed is equal to d_1. This paper will further study d_1 and some of its generalizations. As well, an equivalence will be established between Q-meagreness and certain combinatorial properties of trees. This will lead to new cardinal invariants and various independence results about these will then be established.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Similar but not the same: various versions of club do not coincide

Various versions of club are shown to be different. A question of Soukup, Fuchino and Juhasz, is it consistent to have a stick without club, is answered as a consequence. The more detailed version of the paper, which is coming up, also answers a question of Galvin.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Consistency of partition relation for cardinal in (lambda,2^lambda)

We present a forcing for blowing up 2^lambda and making ``many positive polarized partition relations'' (in a sense made precise in (c) of our main theorem) hold in the interval [lambda, 2^lambda]. This generalizes results of [276], Section 1, and the forcing is a ``many cardinals'' version of the forcing there.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

Ultrafilters on omega --- their ideals and their cardinal characteristics

For a free ultrafilter U on omega we study several cardinal characteristics which describe part of the combinatorial structure of U. We provide various consistency results; e.g. we show how to force simultaneously many characters and many pi --characters. We also investigate two ideals on the Baire space omega^omega naturally related to U and calculate cardinal coefficients of these ideals in terms of cardinal characteristics of the underlying ultrafilter.

math.LO↗
arXiv1997

On strong measure zero subsets of {}^kappa 2 .

This paper answers three questions posed by the first author. In Theorem 2.6 we show that the family of strong measure zero subsets of {}^{omega_1}2 is 2^{aleph_1}-additive under GMA and CH. In Theorem 3.1 we prove that the generalized Borel conjecture is false in {}^{omega_1}2 assuming ZFC+CH. Next, in Theorem 4.2, we show that the family of subsets of {}^{omega_1}2 with the property of Baire is not closed under the Souslin operation.

math.LO↗