arXiv subjects

Seong Chan Park

Publications and source records attributed to Seong Chan Park.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Wormhole-Induced ALP Dark Matter

Non-perturbative gravitational effects induce explicit global symmetry breaking terms within axion models. These exponentially suppressed terms in the potential give a mass contribution to the axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work we investigate this scenario with a scalar field charged under a global $U(1)$ symmetry and having a non-minimal coupling to gravity. Given the exponential dependence, the ALP can retain a mass spanning a wide range, which can act as a dark matter component. We specify pre-inflationary and post-inflationary production mechanisms of these ALPs, with the former from the misalignment mechanism and the latter from both the misalignment and cosmic-string decay. We identify the allowed parameter ranges that explain the dark matter abundance for both a general inflation case and a case where the radial mode scalar drives inflation, each in metric and Palatini formalisms. We show that the ALP can be the dominant component of the dark matter in a wide range of its mass, $m_{a} \in [10^{-21}~\mathrm{eV},\, \mathrm{TeV}]$, depending on the inflationary scenario and the $U(1)$ breaking scale. These results indicate that ALPs can be responsible for our dark matter abundance within a setup purely from non-perturbative gravitational effects.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Neural Hamilton: Can A.I. Understand Hamiltonian Mechanics?

We propose a novel framework based on neural network that reformulates classical mechanics as an operator learning problem. A machine directly maps a potential function to its corresponding trajectory in phase space without solving the Hamilton equations. Most notably, while conventional methods tend to accumulate errors over time through iterative time integration, our approach prevents error propagation. Two newly developed neural network architectures, namely VaRONet and MambONet, are introduced to adapt the Variational LSTM sequence-to-sequence model and leverage the Mamba model for efficient temporal dynamics processing. We tested our approach with various 1D physics problems: harmonic oscillation, double-well potentials, Morse potential, and other potential models outside the training data. Compared to traditional numerical methods based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) algorithm, our model demonstrates improved computational efficiency and accuracy. Code is available at: https://github.com/Axect/Neural_Hamilton

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

Cosmic Birefringence by Dark Photon

We study the kinetic mixing between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photon and the birefringent dark photon. These birefringent dark photon may exist in parity-violating dark sector, for example, through the coupling to axion field. We show that the birefringence of the dark photon propagates to the CMB photon, but the resulting birefringence may not be isotropic over the sky, but will be anisotropic in general. Moreover, our investigation sheds light on the essential role played by kinetic mixing in the generation of two fundamental characteristics of the CMB: circular polarization and spectral distortion.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Effective Theory Approach for Axion Wormholes

We employ the effective field theory approach to analyze the characteristics of Euclidean wormholes within axion theories. Using this approach, we obtain non-perturbative instantons in various complex scalar models with and without a non-minimal coupling to gravity, as well as models featuring the $R^2$ term for a range of coupling values. This yields a series of analytical expressions for the axion wormhole action, shedding light on the model parameters and field dependencies of contributions in both the ultraviolet and infrared domains. Consequently, model-dependent local operators that disrupt axion shift symmetries are generated at lower energy levels. This, in turn, provides crucial insights into the gravitational influences on the axion quality problem.

hep-th↗

arXiv2024

Higgs Inflation with a Gauss-Bonnet term

Higgs inflation with a Gauss-Bonnet term is studied in the Einstein frame. Our model features two coupling functions, $Ω^2(ϕ)$ and $ω(ϕ)$, coupled to the Ricci scalar and Gauss-Bonnet combinations. We found a special relation $Ω^2 \propto ω$ sets the system a lot more simplified; therefore, we take it for granted in our analytical studies. As a result of a Weyl transformation to the Einstein frame, we notice the emergence of new interactions: a non-minimal kinetic coupling between the scalar field and gravity and a derivative self-interaction of the scalar field. In the Einstein frame, we investigate the cosmological implications of these interactions by deriving the background equation of motion and observable quantities. Our numerical result on $n_S$ vs. $r$ suggests our model is consistent with the observational data for a wide range of the model parameter, $-1.4\times 10^4\lesssim α\equiv \fracω{Ω^2} \lesssim 8\times 10^3$, where both the positive and negative values of $α$ are allowed. As the Gauss-Bonnet contributions decay away with time after inflation, the propagation speed of gravitational waves turned out to be consistent with the recent constraints on the propagation speed of gravitational waves (GWs) without inducing ghost instability.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

DeeLeMa: Missing information search with Deep Learning for Mass estimation

We introduce DeeLeMa, a deep learning-based network for the analysis of energy and momentum in high-energy particle collisions. This novel approach is specifically designed to address the challenge of analyzing collision events with multiple invisible particles, which are prevalent in many high-energy physics experiments. DeeLeMa is constructed based on the kinematic constraints and symmetry of the event topologies. We show that DeeLeMa can robustly estimate mass distribution even in the presence of combinatorial uncertainties and detector smearing effects. The approach is flexible and can be applied to various event topologies by leveraging the relevant kinematic symmetries. This work opens up exciting opportunities for the analysis of high-energy particle collision data, and we believe that DeeLeMa has the potential to become a valuable tool for the high-energy physics community.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Exploring the Synergy of Kinematics and Dynamics for Collider Physics

In collider experiments, an event is characterized by two distinct yet mutually complementary features: the `global features' and the `local features'. Kinematic information such as the event topology of a hard process, masses, and spins of particles comprises global features spanning the entire phase space. This global feature can be inferred from reconstructed objects. In contrast, representations of particles in gauge groups, such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), offer localized features revealing the dynamics of an underlying theory. These local features, particularly observed in the patterns of radiation as raw data in various detector components, complement the global kinematic features. In this letter, we propose a simple but effective neural network architecture that seamlessly integrates information from both kinematics and QCD to enhance the signal sensitivity at colliders.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Reissner-Nordström black holes in de Sitter space-time: bounds with quasinormal frequencies

Rich physics can be divined from charged black holes subjected to extremal conditions. When applied in conjunction with principles like Weak Cosmic Censorship, this naturally leads to constraints on the mass and charge of the black hole. However, more nuanced principles such as the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) and the recently proposed Festina-Lente (FL) bound can provide, respectively, upper and lower bounds on elementary charged particles. In this study, we examine the quasinormal modes (QNMs) exhibited by a massive scalar test field carrying an electric charge, oscillating in the outer region of the black hole. These modes are subjected to the constraints imposed by the FL and WGC bounds. Our analysis provides insight into the behaviour of QNMs, particularly in regions that approach the extremal conditions of the black hole. Notably, in these regimes, the stability of the modes becomes precarious, particularly in the presence of a positive cosmological constant. The implications of our findings are far-reaching and significant. They extend from safeguarding the principles of cosmic censorship to addressing the structural stability of the black hole's interior. Our semi-classical analysis presents compelling evidence suggesting that Strong Cosmic Censorship may be violated for black holes that are in close proximity to extremality within the context of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter (RNdS) geometries.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Composite Hybrid Inflation: Dilaton and Waterfall Pions

We investigate the possibility that inflation originates from a composite field theory, in terms of an effective chiral Lagrangian involving a dilaton and pions. The walking dynamics of the theory constrain the potential in a specific way, where the anomalous dimensions of operators involving pions play a crucial role. For realistic values of the anomalous dimensions, we find a successful hybrid inflation occurring via the dilaton-inflaton, with the pions acting as waterfall fields. Compositeness consistency strongly constrain the model, predicting a dilaton scale $f_χ\sim \mathcal{O} (1)$ in unit of the Planck scale, an inflation scale $H_\text{inf} \sim 10^{10}$ GeV, and the pion scale around $10^{14}$ GeV. We further discuss possible phenomenological consequences of this theory.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Axion Quality Problem and Non-Minimal Gravitational Coupling in the Palatini Formulation

In axion models, the global U(1) Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is explicitly broken by non-perturbative effects of gravity, such as axionic wormholes. The gravitational violation of the PQ symmetry due to wormholes is large enough to invalidate the PQ mechanism, which is entitled as the axion quality problem. Recently, a novel solution to this quality problem was suggested, where the non-minimal coupling of the axion field to gravity $ξ$ is introduced to suppress the wormhole contribution. In this work, we revisit the problem in a different but equally valid formulation of gravity, namely the Palatini formulation, where the Ricci scalar is solely determined by connection. We first find the axionic wormhole solution in the Palatini formulation, taking the full dynamical radial mode as well as the axial mode, then show that the quality problem is still resolved with the non-minimal coupling $ξ$. The requested lower bound of $ξ$ in the Palatini formulation turns out to be slightly higher than that in the metric formulation.

hep-th↗

arXiv2023

Nonminimally Assisted Inflation: A General Analysis

The effects of a scalar field, known as the "assistant field," which nonminimally couples to gravity, on single-field inflationary models are studied. The analysis provides analytical expressions for inflationary observables such as the spectral index ($n_s$), the tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$), and the local-type nonlinearity parameter ($f_{\rm NL}^{(\rm local)}$). The presence of the assistant field leads to a lowering of $n_s$ and $r$ in most of the parameter space, compared to the original predictions. In some cases, $n_s$ may increase due to the assistant field. This revives compatibility between ruled-out single-field models and the latest observations by Planck-BICEP/Keck. The results are demonstrated using three example models: loop inflation, power-law inflation, and hybrid inflation.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2022

Phenomenological implications on a hidden sector from the Festina Lente bound

We apply the Festina Lente (FL) bound on a hidden sector with $U(1)$ gauge symmetries. Since the FL bound puts a lower bound on masses of particles charged under the $U(1)$ gauge symmetries, it is possible to constrain the hidden sector even with a tiny coupling to the Standard Model. In particular, we focus on the phenomenological implications of the FL bound on milli-charged particles, which naturally arise when kinetic mixing between the photon and the hidden photon is allowed. It turns out that the milli-charged particle with the mass $M\lesssim 5$ meV is prohibited by the FL bound in the case of a single hidden $U(1)$, independent of the value of kinetic mixing. This bound is crucial when bosonic dark matter is taken in consideration in this framework: the fuzzy bosonic dark matter models requesting minuscule masses are ruled out by the FL bound if the longevity of dark matter is protected by the hidden gauge symmetry.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

A comprehensive study of vector leptoquark with $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ on the $B$-meson and Muon g-2 anomalies

Recently reported anomalies in various $B$ meson decays and also in the anomalous magnetic moment of muon $(g-2)_μ$ motivate us to consider a particular extension of the standard model incorporating new interactions in lepton and quark sectors simultaneously. Our minimal choice would be leptoquark. In particular, we take vector leptoquark ($U_1$) and comprehensively study all related observables including ${(g-2)_μ},\ R_{K^{(*)}},\ R_{D^{(*)}}$, $B \to (K) \ell \ell' $ where $\ell\ell'$ are various combinations of $μ$ and $τ$, and also lepton flavor violation in the $τ$ decays. We find that a hybrid scenario with additional $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ gauge boson provides a common explanation of all these anomalies.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

The Inflaton that Could : Primordial Black Holes and Second Order Gravitational Waves from Tachyonic Instability induced in Higgs-$R^2$ Inflation

The running of the Higgs self coupling may lead to numerous phenomena in early universe cosmology. In this paper we introduce a scenario where the Higgs running induces turns in the trajectory passing a region with tachyonic mass, leading to a temporal tachyonic growth in the curvature power spectrum. This effect induced by the Higgs leaves phenomena in the form of primordial black holes and stochastic gravitational waves, where proposed GW observatories will be able to probe in the near future.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Non-minimally assisted chaotic inflation

Conventional wisdom says that a chaotic inflation model with a power-law potential is ruled out by the recent Planck-BICEP/Keck results. We find, however, that the model can be assisted by a non-minimally coupled scalar field and still provides a successful inflation. Considering a power-law chaotic inflation model of the type $V\sim φ^n$ with $n=\{2, 4/3, 1, 2/3, 1/3\}$, we show that $n=1/3$ ($n=\{2/3, 1/3\}$) may be revived with the help of the quadratic (quartic) non-minimal coupling of the assistant field to gravity.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2022

Festina-Lente Bound on Higgs Vacuum Structure and Inflation

The recently suggested Festina-Lente (FL) bound provides a lower bound on the masses of ${\rm U(1)}$ charged particles in terms of the positive vacuum energy. Since the charged particle masses in the Standard Model (SM) are generated by the Higgs mechanism, the FL bound provides a testbed of consistent Higgs potentials in the current dark energy-dominated universe as well as during inflation. We study the implications of the FL bound on the UV behavior of the Higgs potential for a miniscule vacuum energy, as in the current universe. We also present values of the Hubble parameter and the Higgs vacuum expectation value allowed by the FL bound during inflation, which implies that the Higgs cannot stay at the electroweak scale during this epoch.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Reheating in Models with Non-minimal Coupling in metric and Palatini formalisms

We study reheating of inflationary models with general non-minimal coupling $K(ϕ)R$ with $K(ϕ)\sim \sqrt{V(ϕ)}$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $V$ is the inflaton potential. In particular, when we take the monomial potential $K(ϕ) \propto ϕ^m$ with $m \in \mathbb{Z}_+$, we provide general analytic expressions for cosmological observables. We consider a wide range of non-minimal coupling $ ξ\in [0, \infty) $ in metric and Palatini formalisms and derive the predictions for cosmological observables and the reheating temperature taking a general equation of state parameter $ w_\text{reh} $.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Probing new physics with high-multiplicity events: UHE neutrinos at air-shower detector arrays

Semi-classical processes such as production and decay of electroweak sphaleron in the Standard Model and also microscopic black hole in low scale gravity scenario typically involve large number of particles in final states. These large multiplicities can be distinctively seen in collisions of Ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos with $E_ν\geq 10^9~\text{GeV}$ and nucleons in the atmosphere of the Earth. Focusing on air-shower detector array experiments including Telescope Array Experiment (TA), Pierre-Auger Observatory (Auger), we propose strategic ways to discover and analyze such events.

hep-ph↗