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Shubham Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Shubham Kumar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Solution of Uncertain Multiobjective Optimization Problems by Using Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method

This paper introduces a nonlinear conjugate gradient method (NCGM) for addressing the robust counterpart of uncertain multiobjective optimization problems (UMOPs). Here, the robust counterpart is defined as the minimum across objective-wise worst-case scenarios. There are some drawbacks to using scalarization techniques to solve the robust counterparts of UMOPs, such as the pre-specification and restrictions of weights, and function importance that is unknown beforehand. NCGM is free from any kind of priori chosen scalars or ordering information of objective functions as accepted in scalarization methods. With the help of NCGM, we determine the critical point for the robust counterpart of UMOP, which is the robust critical point for UMOP. To tackle this robust counterpart using the NCGM, the approach involves constructing and solving a subproblem to determine a descent direction. Subsequently, a new direction is derived based on parameter selection methods such as Fletcher-Reeves, conjugate descent, Dai-Yuan, Polak-Ribi$\grave{e}$re-Polyak, and Hestenes-Stiefel. An Armijo-type inexact line search is employed to identify an appropriate step length. Utilizing descent direction and step length, a sequence is generated, and convergence of the proposed method is established. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified and compared against an existing method using a set of test problems.

math.OC

Water Drop on Thin Viscous Oil Layers: From Stick-Slip Spreading to Dewetting

The impact of water droplets on thin layers of immiscible viscous liquids, such as oil films, is commonly encountered across contexts ranging from kitchen activities to industrial processes. In this study, we experimentally investigate the short-term and long-term behavior of water drops spreading on silicone oil-coated surfaces. During the initial spreading, especially towards zero impact energies, the drop edge exhibits stick-slip dynamics, characterized by intermittent stops. The stick-slip behaviour diminishes with increasing spreading energy from impacts, where the drop spreads without noticeably displacing the oil layer. In the long-term dynamics, regardless of whether the spreading is gradual or impact-driven, the drop eventually spreads onto the surface under the oil layer, governed by the dewetting dynamics of the oil. The delay for the second spreading is independent of the Weber number, indicating that the impact initially does not significantly deform the oil layer. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamics of water-oil interactions, with implications for both practical applications and fundamental research.

physics.flu-dyn

Evaluation of Boltzmann's H-function for Particles with Orientational Degrees of Freedom

Boltzmann's H-function H(t) holds a venerable place in the history of science. However, it seems never to have been evaluated for particles with orientational degrees of freedom. We generalize Boltzmann's H-function to a gas of molecules that can both rotate and translate and on collision exchange both momentum and angular momentum, obeying conservation laws. We evaluate the time (t) evolution of single-particle joint probability distribution f (p, L, t) for linear (p) and angular (L) momenta from an initial nonequilibrium state by molecular dynamics simulations. We consider both prolate and oblate-shaped particles, interacting by well-known Gay-Berne potential that depends both on position and orientation vectors. We calculate the relaxation of the generalized molecular H(t) from several initial (t=0) nonequilibrium states. In the long-time limit, the H function saturates to its exact equilibrium value, which is the sum of translational and rotational contributions to the respective entropies. Both the translational and rotational components of H(t) decay nearly exponentially with time; the rotational component is more sensitive to the molecular shape that enters through the aspect ratio. A remarkable rapid decrease in the rotational relaxation time is observed as the spherical limit is approached, in a way tantalizingly reminiscent of Hu-Zwanzig hydrodynamic prediction with slip boundary condition. Additionally, we obtain H(t) analytically by solving the appropriate translational and rotational Fokker-Planck equation and obtain a modest agreement with simulations. We observe a remarkable signature of translation-rotation coupling as a function of molecular shape, captured through a physically meaningful differential term that quantifies the magnitude of translation-rotation coupling.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Digital-Analog Counterdiabatic Quantum Optimization with Trapped Ions

We introduce a hardware-specific, problem-dependent digital-analog quantum algorithm of a counterdiabatic quantum dynamics tailored for optimization problems. Specifically, we focus on trapped-ion architectures, taking advantage from global Mølmer-Sørensen gates as the analog interactions complemented by digital gates, both of which are available in the state-of-the-art technologies. We show an optimal configuration of analog blocks and digital steps leading to a substantial reduction in circuit depth compared to the purely digital approach. This implies that, using the proposed encoding, we can address larger optimization problem instances, requiring more qubits, while preserving the coherence time of current devices. Furthermore, we study the minimum gate fidelity required by the analog blocks to outperform the purely digital simulation, finding that it is below the best fidelity reported in the literature. To validate the performance of the digital-analog encoding, we tackle the maximum independent set problem, showing that it requires fewer resources compared to the digital case. This hybrid co-design approach paves the way towards quantum advantage for efficient solutions of quantum optimization problems.

quant-ph

Glassy Dynamics in a Molecular Liquid

A universal dynamical crossover temperature, Tcr, in glassy liquids, associated with the α-\b{eta} bifurcation temperature, TB, has been observed in dielectric spectroscopy and other experiments. Tcr lies significantly above the glass transition temperature. Here, we introduce a new class of glass-forming liquids, binary mixtures of prolate and oblate ellipsoids. This model system exhibits sharp thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies, such as the specific heat jump during heating and a sharp variation in the thermal expansion coefficient around a temperature identified as the glass transition temperature, Tg. The same temperature is obtained from the fit of the calculated relaxation times to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) form. As the temperature is lowered, the single peak rotational relaxation spectrum splits into two at a temperature TB significantly above the estimated Tg. Similar bifurcation is also observed in the distribution of short-to-intermediate time translational diffusion. Interrogation of the two peaks reveals a lower extent of dynamic heterogeneity in the population of the faster mode. We observe an unexpected appearance of a sharp peak in the product of rotational relaxation time τ2 and diffusion constant D at a temperature Tcr, close to TB, but above the glass transition temperature. Additionally, we coarse-grain the system into cubic boxes, each containing, on average, ~62 particles, to study the average dynamical properties. Clear evidence of large-scale sudden changes in the diffusion coefficient and rotational correlation time signals first-order transitions between low and high-mobility domains.

cond-mat.soft

EmpowerAbility: A portal for employment & scholarships for differently-abled

The internet has become a vital resource for job seekers in today's technologically advanced world, particularly for those with impairments. They mainly rely on internet resources to find jobs that fit their particular requirements and skill set. Though some disabled candidates receive prompt responses and job offers, others find it difficult to traverse the intricate world of job portals, the efficacy of this process frequently varies. This discrepancy results from a typical error: a failure to completely comprehend and utilize the accessibility features and functions that can significantly expedite and simplify the job search process for people with impairments.This project is a job and scholarship portal that empowers individuals with diverse abilities. Through inspiring success stories, user-centric features, and practical opportunities, it fosters resilience and inclusivity while reshaping narratives. This platform's dual-pronged strategy instills pride and offers real-world solutions, making a lasting impact on the lives it touches.

cs.SE

The Unique Solvability Conditions for the Generalized Absolute Value Equations

This paper investigates the conditions that guarantee unique solvability and unsolvability for the generalized absolute value equations (GAVE) given by $Ax - B \vert x \vert = b$. Further, these conditions are also valid to determine the unique solution of the generalized absolute value matrix equations (GAVME) $AX - B \vert X \vert =F$. Finally, certain aspects related to the solvability and unsolvability of the absolute value equations (AVE) have been deliberated upon.

math.OC

Characterization of Unique Solvability of Absolute Value Equations: An Overview, Extensions, and Future Directions

This paper provides an overview of the necessary and sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the unique solvability of absolute value equations. In addition to discussing the basic form of these equations, we also address several generalizations, including generalized absolute value equations and matrix absolute value equations. Our survey encompasses known results as well as novel characterizations proposed in this study.

math.OC

Sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of absolute value matrix equations

In this paper, we discussed the unique solvability of the two absolute value matrix equations. The unique solvability condition $ρ(\vert A^{-1} B \vert)<1$ is provided for the generalized absolute value matrix equation (GAVME) $AX + B \vert X \vert = F$. This condition is superior to that of Kumar et al. [J. Numer. Anal. Approx. Theory, 51(1) (2022) 83-87]. We also discussed different conditions for the unique solvability of the new generalized absolute value matrix equation (NGAVME) $AX+B\vert CX \vert=F$ with $A, B, C, F, X \in \mathcal{R}^{n \times n}$. We also provided the corrected version of Corollary 2.1 from the published work by Wang et al. [Appl. Math. Lett., 116 (2021) 106966].

math.CA

Compact and High-Performance TCAM Based on Scaled Double-Gate FeFETs

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), widely used in network routers and high-associativity caches, is gaining popularity in machine learning and data-analytic applications. Ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) are a promising candidate for implementing TCAM owing to their high ON/OFF ratio, non-volatility, and CMOS compatibility. However, conventional single-gate FeFETs (SG-FeFETs) suffer from relatively high write voltage, low endurance, potential read disturbance, and face scaling challenges. Recently, a double-gate FeFET (DG-FeFET) has been proposed and outperforms SG-FeFETs in many aspects. This paper investigates TCAM design challenges specific to DG-FeFETs and introduces a novel 1.5T1Fe TCAM design based on DG-FeFETs. A 2-step search with early termination is employed to reduce the cell area and improve energy efficiency. A shared driver design is proposed to reduce the peripherals area. Detailed analysis and SPICE simulation show that the 1.5T1Fe DG-TCAM leads to superior search speed and energy efficiency. The 1.5T1Fe TCAM design can also be built with SG-FeFETs, which achieve search latency and energy improvement compared with 2FeFET TCAM.

cs.ET

Large-Scale Knowledge Synthesis and Complex Information Retrieval from Biomedical Documents

Recent advances in the healthcare industry have led to an abundance of unstructured data, making it challenging to perform tasks such as efficient and accurate information retrieval at scale. Our work offers an all-in-one scalable solution for extracting and exploring complex information from large-scale research documents, which would otherwise be tedious. First, we briefly explain our knowledge synthesis process to extract helpful information from unstructured text data of research documents. Then, on top of the knowledge extracted from the documents, we perform complex information retrieval using three major components- Paragraph Retrieval, Triplet Retrieval from Knowledge Graphs, and Complex Question Answering (QA). These components combine lexical and semantic-based methods to retrieve paragraphs and triplets and perform faceted refinement for filtering these search results. The complexity of biomedical queries and documents necessitates using a QA system capable of handling queries more complex than factoid queries, which we evaluate qualitatively on the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to demonstrate the effectiveness and value-add.

cs.IR

Radial oscillations in neutron stars from unified hadronic and quarkyonic equation of states

We study radial oscillations in non-rotating neutron stars by considering the unified equation of states (EoSs), which support the 2 M$_\odot$ star criterion. We solve the Sturm-Liouville problem to compute 20 lowest radial oscillation modes and their eigenfunctions for neutron star modelled with eight selected unified EoSs from distinct Skyrme-Hartree Fock, Relativistic Mean-Field and quarkyonic models. We compare the behavior of the computed eigenfrequency for NS modelled with hadronic to that with quarkyonic EoSs while varying central densities. The lowest order, f-mode frequency varies substantially between the two classes of the of EoS at 1.4 M$_\odot$ but vanishes at their respective maximum masses, consistent with the stability criterion $\partial M/\partialρ_c > 0$. Moreover, we also computed large frequency separation and discovered that higher-order mode frequencies are significantly reduced by incorporating crust in the EoS.

nucl-th

Examination of Boltzmann's H-Function: Dimensionality and Interaction Sensitivity Dependence, and a comment on his H-Theorem

Boltzmann's H-Theorem, formulated 150 years ago in terms of H-function that also bears his name, is one of the most celebrated theorems of science and paved the way for the development of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Nevertheless, quantitative studies of the H-function, denoted by H(t), in realistic systems are relatively scarce because of the difficulty of obtaining the time-dependent momentum distribution analytically. Also, the earlier attempts proceeded through the solution of Boltzmann's kinetic equation, which was hard. Here we investigate, by direct molecular dynamics simulations and analytic theory, the time dependence of H(t). We probe the sensitivity of nonequilibrium relaxation to interaction potential and dimensionality by using the H-function H(t). We evaluate H(t) for three different potentials in all three dimensions and find that it exhibits surprisingly strong sensitivity to these factors. The relaxation of H(t) is long in 1D, but short in 3D. We obtain, for the first time, a closed-form analytic expression for H(t) using the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for the velocity space probability distribution and compare its predictions with the simulation results. Interestingly, H(t) is found to exhibit linear response when vastly different initial nonequilibrium conditions are employed. The oft-quoted relation of H-function with Clausius's entropy theorem is discussed.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Entangled Quantum Memristors

We propose the interaction of two quantum memristors via capacitive and inductive coupling in feasible superconducting circuit architectures. In this composed system the input gets correlated in time, which changes the dynamic response of each quantum memristor in terms of its pinched hysteresis curve and their nontrivial entanglement. In this sense, the concurrence and memristive dynamics follow an inverse behavior, showing maximal values of entanglement when the hysteresis curve is minimal and vice versa. Moreover, the direction followed in time by the hysteresis curve is reversed whenever the quantum memristor entanglement is maximal. The study of composed quantum memristors paves the way for developing neuromorphic quantum computers and native quantum neural networks, on the path towards quantum advantage with current NISQ technologies.

quant-ph

Inherent structure analysis reveals origin of breakdown of Stokes-Einstein relation in aqueous binary mixtures

We show by inherent structure (IS) analysis that the sharp composition dependent breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation correlates surprisingly well with an equally sharp non-monotonic variation in the average inherent structure (IS) energy of these mixtures. Further IS analysis reveals the existence of a unique ground state, stabilized by the optimum number of H-bonds at this composition. The surprisingly sharp turnaround behaviour observed in the effective hydrodynamic radius can be traced back to the formation of low energy equilibrium structures at specific compositions.

cond-mat.soft

Cancer Detection Using Quantum Neural Networks: A Demonstration on a Quantum Computer

Artificial intelligence and machine learning paves the way to achieve greater technical feats. In this endeavor to hone these techniques, quantum machine learning is budding to serve as an important tool. Using the techniques of deep learning and supervised learning in the quantum framework, we are able to propose a quantum neural network and showcase its implementation. We consider the application of cancer detection to demonstrate the working of our quantum neural network. Our focus is to train the network of ten qubits in a way so that it can learn the label of the given data set and optimize the circuit parameters to obtain the minimum error. Thus, through the use of many algorithms, we are able to give an idea of how a quantum neural network can function.

quant-ph

Observation of Geometric Phase in a Molecular Aharonov-Bohm System Using IBM Quantum Computer

The evolution of a quantum system is governed by the associated Hamiltonian. A system defined by a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian acquires a geometric phase when adiabatically evolved. Such an adiabatic evolution of a system having non-degenerate quantum states gives the well-studied Berry phase. Lounguet-Higgins and co-workers discovered a geometric phase when considering the Jahn-Teller distortion described by the nuclear coordinates traversing a closed path about the point of intersection of the electronic potential energy surfaces. Under such a condition, the Born-Oppenheimer wave function undergoes a sign change corresponding to an introduced global phase of $π$ radian. This change further introduces a multiple valuedness in the wavefunction which may be removed by adding a vector potential like term in the Hamiltonian for the nuclear motion giving the Molecular Aharonov Bohm effect. Here, we demonstrate a scheme to evaluate the introduced global phase for the molecular system considered by Longuet-Higgins and propose methods as the first principle to do the same in more complex examples for the molecular Hamiltonian on a quantum computer.

quant-ph