arXiv subjects

Shuguang Cui

Publications and source records attributed to Shuguang Cui.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Power Allocation for Finite-Blocklength IR-HARQ

This letter concerns the power allocation across the multiple transmission rounds under the Incremental Redundancy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (IR-HARQ) policy, in pursuit of an energy-efficient way of fulfilling the outage probability target in the finite-blocklength regime. We start by showing that the optimization objective and the constraints of the above power allocation problem all depend upon the outage probability. The main challenge then lies in the fact that the outage probability cannot be written analytically in terms of the power variables. To sidestep this difficulty, we propose a novel upper bound on the outage probability in the finite-blocklength regime, which is much tighter than the existing ones from the literature. Most importantly, by using this upper bound to approximate the outage probability, we can recast the original intractable power allocation problem into a geometric programming (GP) form--which can be efficiently solved by the standard method.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2024

Let Video Teaches You More: Video-to-Image Knowledge Distillation using DEtection TRansformer for Medical Video Lesion Detection

AI-assisted lesion detection models play a crucial role in the early screening of cancer. However, previous image-based models ignore the inter-frame contextual information present in videos. On the other hand, video-based models capture the inter-frame context but are computationally expensive. To mitigate this contradiction, we delve into Video-to-Image knowledge distillation leveraging DEtection TRansformer (V2I-DETR) for the task of medical video lesion detection. V2I-DETR adopts a teacher-student network paradigm. The teacher network aims at extracting temporal contexts from multiple frames and transferring them to the student network, and the student network is an image-based model dedicated to fast prediction in inference. By distilling multi-frame contexts into a single frame, the proposed V2I-DETR combines the advantages of utilizing temporal contexts from video-based models and the inference speed of image-based models. Through extensive experiments, V2I-DETR outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin while achieving the real-time inference speed (30 FPS) as the image-based model.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Powering over Multi-antenna OFDM Systems

This paper considers a multi-functional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with integrated sensing, communication, and powering (ISCAP), in which a multi-antenna base station (BS) transmits OFDM signals to simultaneously deliver information to multiple information receivers (IRs), provide energy supply to multiple energy receivers (ERs), and sense potential targets based on the echo signals. To facilitate ISCAP, the BS employs the joint transmit beamforming design by sending dedicated sensing/energy beams jointly with information beams. Furthermore, we consider the beam scanning for sensing, in which the joint beams scan in different directions over time to sense potential targets. In order to ensure the sensing beam scanning performance and meet the communication and powering requirements, it is essential to properly schedule IRs and ERs and design the resource allocation over time, frequency, and space. More specifically, we optimize the joint transmit beamforming over multiple OFDM symbols and subcarriers, with the objective of minimizing the average beampattern matching error of beam scanning for sensing, subject to the constraints on the average communication rates at IRs and the average harvested power at ERs. We find converged high-quality solutions to the formulated problem by proposing efficient iterative algorithms based on advanced optimization techniques. We also develop various heuristic designs based on the principles of zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming, round-robin user scheduling, and time switching, respectively. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithms adaptively generate information and sensing/energy beams at each time-frequency slot to match the scheduled IRs/ERs with the desired scanning beam, significantly outperforming the heuristic designs.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2024

UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks with Movable-Antenna Array: Flexible Beamforming and Trajectory Design

Recently, movable antenna (MA) array becomes a promising technology for improving the communication quality in wireless communication systems. In this letter, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled multi-user multi-input-single-output system enhanced by the MA array is investigated. To enhance the throughput capacity, we aim to maximize the achievable data rate by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming, the UAV trajectory, and the positions of the MA array antennas. The formulated data rate maximization problem is a highly coupled non-convex problem, for which an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to get a sub-optimal solution. Numerical results have demonstrated the performance gain of the proposed method compared with conventional method with fixed-position antenna array.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2024

Towards a Benchmark for Colorectal Cancer Segmentation in Endorectal Ultrasound Videos: Dataset and Model Development

Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) is an important imaging modality that provides high reliability for diagnosing the depth and boundary of invasion in colorectal cancer. However, the lack of a large-scale ERUS dataset with high-quality annotations hinders the development of automatic ultrasound diagnostics. In this paper, we collected and annotated the first benchmark dataset that covers diverse ERUS scenarios, i.e. colorectal cancer segmentation, detection, and infiltration depth staging. Our ERUS-10K dataset comprises 77 videos and 10,000 high-resolution annotated frames. Based on this dataset, we further introduce a benchmark model for colorectal cancer segmentation, named the Adaptive Sparse-context TRansformer (ASTR). ASTR is designed based on three considerations: scanning mode discrepancy, temporal information, and low computational complexity. For generalizing to different scanning modes, the adaptive scanning-mode augmentation is proposed to convert between raw sector images and linear scan ones. For mining temporal information, the sparse-context transformer is incorporated to integrate inter-frame local and global features. For reducing computational complexity, the sparse-context block is introduced to extract contextual features from auxiliary frames. Finally, on the benchmark dataset, the proposed ASTR model achieves a 77.6% Dice score in rectal cancer segmentation, largely outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2024

NetLLM: Adapting Large Language Models for Networking

Many networking tasks now employ deep learning (DL) to solve complex prediction and optimization problems. However, current design philosophy of DL-based algorithms entails intensive engineering overhead due to the manual design of deep neural networks (DNNs) for different networking tasks. Besides, DNNs tend to achieve poor generalization performance on unseen data distributions/environments. Motivated by the recent success of large language models (LLMs), this work studies the LLM adaptation for networking to explore a more sustainable design philosophy. With the powerful pre-trained knowledge, the LLM is promising to serve as the foundation model to achieve "one model for all tasks" with even better performance and stronger generalization. In pursuit of this vision, we present NetLLM, the first framework that provides a coherent design to harness the powerful capabilities of LLMs with low efforts to solve networking problems. Specifically, NetLLM empowers the LLM to effectively process multimodal data in networking and efficiently generate task-specific answers. Besides, NetLLM drastically reduces the costs of fine-tuning the LLM to acquire domain knowledge for networking. Across three networking-related use cases - viewport prediction, adaptive bitrate streaming and cluster job scheduling, we showcase that the NetLLM-adapted LLM significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

DreamDissector: Learning Disentangled Text-to-3D Generation from 2D Diffusion Priors

Text-to-3D generation has recently seen significant progress. To enhance its practicality in real-world applications, it is crucial to generate multiple independent objects with interactions, similar to layer-compositing in 2D image editing. However, existing text-to-3D methods struggle with this task, as they are designed to generate either non-independent objects or independent objects lacking spatially plausible interactions. Addressing this, we propose DreamDissector, a text-to-3D method capable of generating multiple independent objects with interactions. DreamDissector accepts a multi-object text-to-3D NeRF as input and produces independent textured meshes. To achieve this, we introduce the Neural Category Field (NeCF) for disentangling the input NeRF. Additionally, we present the Category Score Distillation Sampling (CSDS), facilitated by a Deep Concept Mining (DCM) module, to tackle the concept gap issue in diffusion models. By leveraging NeCF and CSDS, we can effectively derive sub-NeRFs from the original scene. Further refinement enhances geometry and texture. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness of DreamDissector, providing users with novel means to control 3D synthesis at the object level and potentially opening avenues for various creative applications in the future.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Digital Twin-Assisted Data-Driven Optimization for Reliable Edge Caching in Wireless Networks

Optimizing edge caching is crucial for the advancement of next-generation (nextG) wireless networks, ensuring high-speed and low-latency services for mobile users. Existing data-driven optimization approaches often lack awareness of the distribution of random data variables and focus solely on optimizing cache hit rates, neglecting potential reliability concerns, such as base station overload and unbalanced cache issues. This oversight can result in system crashes and degraded user experience. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel digital twin-assisted optimization framework, called D-REC, which integrates reinforcement learning (RL) with diverse intervention modules to ensure reliable caching in nextG wireless networks. We first develop a joint vertical and horizontal twinning approach to efficiently create network digital twins, which are then employed by D-REC as RL optimizers and safeguards, providing ample datasets for training and predictive evaluation of our cache replacement policy. By incorporating reliability modules into a constrained Markov decision process, D-REC can adaptively adjust actions, rewards, and states to comply with advantageous constraints, minimizing the risk of network failures. Theoretical analysis demonstrates comparable convergence rates between D-REC and vanilla data-driven methods without compromising caching performance. Extensive experiments validate that D-REC outperforms conventional approaches in cache hit rate and load balancing while effectively enforcing predetermined reliability intervention modules.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

DV-3DLane: End-to-end Multi-modal 3D Lane Detection with Dual-view Representation

Accurate 3D lane estimation is crucial for ensuring safety in autonomous driving. However, prevailing monocular techniques suffer from depth loss and lighting variations, hampering accurate 3D lane detection. In contrast, LiDAR points offer geometric cues and enable precise localization. In this paper, we present DV-3DLane, a novel end-to-end Dual-View multi-modal 3D Lane detection framework that synergizes the strengths of both images and LiDAR points. We propose to learn multi-modal features in dual-view spaces, i.e., perspective view (PV) and bird's-eye-view (BEV), effectively leveraging the modal-specific information. To achieve this, we introduce three designs: 1) A bidirectional feature fusion strategy that integrates multi-modal features into each view space, exploiting their unique strengths. 2) A unified query generation approach that leverages lane-aware knowledge from both PV and BEV spaces to generate queries. 3) A 3D dual-view deformable attention mechanism, which aggregates discriminative features from both PV and BEV spaces into queries for accurate 3D lane detection. Extensive experiments on the public benchmark, OpenLane, demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of DV-3DLane. It achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a remarkable 11.2 gain in F1 score and a substantial 53.5% reduction in errors. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/JMoonr/dv-3dlane}.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Knowledge Base Enabled Semantic Communication: A Generative Perspective

Semantic communication is widely touted as a key technology for propelling the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. However, providing effective semantic representation is quite challenging in practice. To address this issue, this article takes a crack at exploiting semantic knowledge base (KB) to usher in a new era of generative semantic communication. Via semantic KB, source messages can be characterized in low-dimensional subspaces without compromising their desired meanings, thus significantly enhancing the communication efficiency. The fundamental principle of semantic KB is first introduced, and a generative semantic communication architecture is developed by presenting three sub-KBs, namely source, task, and channel KBs. Then, the detailed construction approaches for each sub-KB are described, followed by their utilization in terms of semantic coding and transmission. A case study is also provided to showcase the superiority of generative semantic communication over conventional syntactic communication and classical semantic communication. In a nutshell, this article establishes a scientific foundation for the exciting uncharted frontier of generative semantic communication.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2024

Unified Generation, Reconstruction, and Representation: Generalized Diffusion with Adaptive Latent Encoding-Decoding

The vast applications of deep generative models are anchored in three core capabilities -- generating new instances, reconstructing inputs, and learning compact representations -- across various data types, such as discrete text/protein sequences and continuous images. Existing model families, like variational autoencoders (VAEs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoregressive models, and (latent) diffusion models, generally excel in specific capabilities and data types but fall short in others. We introduce Generalized Encoding-Decoding Diffusion Probabilistic Models (EDDPMs) which integrate the core capabilities for broad applicability and enhanced performance. EDDPMs generalize the Gaussian noising-denoising in standard diffusion by introducing parameterized encoding-decoding. Crucially, EDDPMs are compatible with the well-established diffusion model objective and training recipes, allowing effective learning of the encoder-decoder parameters jointly with diffusion. By choosing appropriate encoder/decoder (e.g., large language models), EDDPMs naturally apply to different data types. Extensive experiments on text, proteins, and images demonstrate the flexibility to handle diverse data and tasks and the strong improvement over various existing models.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

Fully Test-Time Adaptation for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Monocular 3D object detection (Mono 3Det) aims to identify 3D objects from a single RGB image. However, existing methods often assume training and test data follow the same distribution, which may not hold in real-world test scenarios. To address the out-of-distribution (OOD) problems, we explore a new adaptation paradigm for Mono 3Det, termed Fully Test-time Adaptation. It aims to adapt a well-trained model to unlabeled test data by handling potential data distribution shifts at test time without access to training data and test labels. However, applying this paradigm in Mono 3Det poses significant challenges due to OOD test data causing a remarkable decline in object detection scores. This decline conflicts with the pre-defined score thresholds of existing detection methods, leading to severe object omissions (i.e., rare positive detections and many false negatives). Consequently, the limited positive detection and plenty of noisy predictions cause test-time adaptation to fail in Mono 3Det. To handle this problem, we propose a novel Monocular Test-Time Adaptation (MonoTTA) method, based on two new strategies. 1) Reliability-driven adaptation: we empirically find that high-score objects are still reliable and the optimization of high-score objects can enhance confidence across all detections. Thus, we devise a self-adaptive strategy to identify reliable objects for model adaptation, which discovers potential objects and alleviates omissions. 2) Noise-guard adaptation: since high-score objects may be scarce, we develop a negative regularization term to exploit the numerous low-score objects via negative learning, preventing overfitting to noise and trivial solutions. Experimental results show that MonoTTA brings significant performance gains for Mono 3Det models in OOD test scenarios, approximately 190% gains by average on KITTI and 198% gains on nuScenes.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Robust Image Semantic Coding with Learnable CSI Fusion Masking over MIMO Fading Channels

Though achieving marvelous progress in various scenarios, existing semantic communication frameworks mainly consider single-input single-output Gaussian channels or Rayleigh fading channels, neglecting the widely-used multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, which hinders the application into practical systems. One common solution to combat MIMO fading is to utilize feedback MIMO channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we incorporate MIMO CSI into system designs from a new perspective and propose the learnable CSI fusion semantic communication (LCFSC) framework, where CSI is treated as side information by the semantic extractor to enhance the semantic coding. To avoid feature fusion due to abrupt combination of CSI with features, we present a non-invasive CSI fusion multi-head attention module inside the Swin Transformer. With the learned attention masking map determined by both source and channel states, more robust attention distribution could be generated. Furthermore, the percentage of mask elements could be flexibly adjusted by the learnable mask ratio, which is produced based on the conditional variational interference in an unsupervised manner. In this way, CSI-aware semantic coding is achieved through learnable CSI fusion masking. Experiment results testify the superiority of LCFSC over traditional schemes and state-of-the-art Swin Transformer-based semantic communication frameworks in MIMO fading channels.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2024

SA-GS: Semantic-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction with Geometry Constrain

With the emergence of Gaussian Splats, recent efforts have focused on large-scale scene geometric reconstruction. However, most of these efforts either concentrate on memory reduction or spatial space division, neglecting information in the semantic space. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named SA-GS, for fine-grained 3D geometry reconstruction using semantic-aware 3D Gaussian Splats. Specifically, we leverage prior information stored in large vision models such as SAM and DINO to generate semantic masks. We then introduce a geometric complexity measurement function to serve as soft regularization, guiding the shape of each Gaussian Splat within specific semantic areas. Additionally, we present a method that estimates the expected number of Gaussian Splats in different semantic areas, effectively providing a lower bound for Gaussian Splats in these areas. Subsequently, we extract the point cloud using a novel probability density-based extraction method, transforming Gaussian Splats into a point cloud crucial for downstream tasks. Our method also offers the potential for detailed semantic inquiries while maintaining high image-based reconstruction results. We provide extensive experiments on publicly available large-scale scene reconstruction datasets with highly accurate point clouds as ground truth and our novel dataset. Our results demonstrate the superiority of our method over current state-of-the-art Gaussian Splats reconstruction methods by a significant margin in terms of geometric-based measurement metrics. Code and additional results will soon be available on our project page.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

End-to-End Generative Semantic Communication Powered by Shared Semantic Knowledge Base

Semantic communication has drawn substantial attention as a promising paradigm to achieve effective and intelligent communications. However, efficient image semantic communication encounters challenges with a lower testing compression ratio (CR) compared to the training phase. To tackle this issue, we propose an innovative semantic knowledge base (SKB)-enabled generative semantic communication system for image classification and image generation tasks. Specifically, a lightweight SKB, comprising class-level information, is exploited to guide the semantic communication process, which enables us to transmit only the relevant indices. This approach promotes the completion of the image classification task at the source end and significantly reduces the transmission load. Meanwhile, the category-level knowledge in the SKB facilitates the image generation task by allowing controllable generation, making it possible to generate favorable images in resource-constrained scenarios. Additionally, semantic accuracy is introduced as a new metric to validate the performance of semantic transmission powered by the SKB. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the benchmarks and achieves superior performance with minimal transmission overhead, especially in the low SNR regime.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2024

Enhancing Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Tutorial on Generative Diffusion Models in Network Optimization

Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs) have emerged as a transformative force in the realm of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), demonstrating their versatility and efficacy across various applications. The ability to model complex data distributions and generate high-quality samples has made GDMs particularly effective in tasks such as image generation and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, their iterative nature, which involves a series of noise addition and denoising steps, is a powerful and unique approach to learning and generating data. This paper serves as a comprehensive tutorial on applying GDMs in network optimization tasks. We delve into the strengths of GDMs, emphasizing their wide applicability across various domains, such as vision, text, and audio generation. We detail how GDMs can be effectively harnessed to solve complex optimization problems inherent in networks. The paper first provides a basic background of GDMs and their applications in network optimization. This is followed by a series of case studies, showcasing the integration of GDMs with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), incentive mechanism design, Semantic Communications (SemCom), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks, etc. These case studies underscore the practicality and efficacy of GDMs in real-world scenarios, offering insights into network design. We conclude with a discussion on potential future directions for GDM research and applications, providing major insights into how they can continue to shape the future of network optimization.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

WDMoE: Wireless Distributed Large Language Models with Mixture of Experts

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in various natural language processing tasks, but how wireless communications can support LLMs has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose a wireless distributed LLMs paradigm based on Mixture of Experts (MoE), named WDMoE, deploying LLMs collaboratively across edge servers of base station (BS) and mobile devices in the wireless communications system. Specifically, we decompose the MoE layer in LLMs by deploying the gating network and the preceding neural network layer at BS, while distributing the expert networks across the devices. This arrangement leverages the parallel capabilities of expert networks on distributed devices. Moreover, to overcome the instability of wireless communications, we design an expert selection policy by taking into account both the performance of the model and the end-to-end latency, which includes both transmission delay and inference delay. Evaluations conducted across various LLMs and multiple datasets demonstrate that WDMoE not only outperforms existing models, such as Llama 2 with 70 billion parameters, but also significantly reduces end-to-end latency.

cs.IT↗

arXiv2024

Joint Signal Detection and Automatic Modulation Classification via Deep Learning

Signal detection and modulation classification are two crucial tasks in various wireless communication systems. Different from prior works that investigate them independently, this paper studies the joint signal detection and automatic modulation classification (AMC) by considering a realistic and complex scenario, in which multiple signals with different modulation schemes coexist at different carrier frequencies. We first generate a coexisting RADIOML dataset (CRML23) to facilitate the joint design. Different from the publicly available AMC dataset ignoring the signal detection step and containing only one signal, our synthetic dataset covers the more realistic multiple-signal coexisting scenario. Then, we present a joint framework for detection and classification (JDM) for such a multiple-signal coexisting environment, which consists of two modules for signal detection and AMC, respectively. In particular, these two modules are interconnected using a designated data structure called "proposal". Finally, we conduct extensive simulations over the newly developed dataset, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our designs. Our code and dataset are now available as open-source (https://github.com/Singingkettle/ChangShuoRadioData).

eess.SP↗