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Shyamal Biswas

Publications and source records attributed to Shyamal Biswas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Frequency-dependent criticality in optical properties of the Drude metals, including plasmas and seawater

We have analytically determined attenuation constant, phase constant, and reflectivity of Drude metals over the entire frequency range ($0<ω<\infty$) for an incident electromagnetic (plane) wave, within a single framework of classical electrodynamics, taking into account bound charges and currents in the background. We have compared our result with existing experimental data for the reflectivity of plasmas and that of seawater in this regard. Interestingly, for the Drude metal with a high carrier concentration ($ω_pτ\gg1$), we have obtained a simple form of attenuation constant $k_-\simeq+\sqrt{\frac{με}{2}}\sqrt{ω_p^2-ω^2+|ω_p^2-ω^2|}$ for a wide range of high frequencies below and above plasma frequency $ω_{p}$. Such a result gives rise to criticality in conductors' optical properties, such as attenuation constant, group velocity, and complex dielectric constant, \textit{etc} near around $ω_{p}$. We have obtained critical exponents for these quantities. We have also obtained a quantum correction to the optical properties within the Drude-Sommerfeld model with the Thomas-Fermi screening.

cond-mat.str-el

Revisiting the integral form of Gauss' law for a generic case of electrodynamics with arbitrarily moving Gaussian surface

We have re-examined the integral form of Gauss' law for arbitrarily moving charges inside and outside an arbitrarily expanding (or contracting) and deforming Gaussian surface. We have explicitly calculated the time-dependent Gauss' flux integral for such a generic non-static case with the Maxwell equations under consideration. We have obtained an evolution equation $\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}\text{t}}\oint_{s(t)}\vec{E}\cdot\text{d}\vec{s}(t)=\frac{I^{(s)}_{\text{in}}(t)}{ε_0}$ for the time-dependence of the flux-integral. We have pedagogically demonstrated that while the flux integral is dependent on the expansion/contraction of the surface, it is independent of its deformation.

physics.class-ph

Scaling theory for the collapse of a trapped Bose gas in a synthetic magnetic field: a critical study at the condensation point

We have analytically explored both the zero temperature and the finite temperature scaling theory for the collapse of an attractively interacting 3-D harmonically trapped Bose gas in a synthetic magnetic field. We have considered short-ranged (contact) attractive inter-particle interactions and Hartree-Fock approximation for the same. We have separately studied the collapse of both the condensate and the thermal cloud below and above the condensation point, respectively. We have obtained an anisotropy, artificial magnetic field, and temperature-dependent critical number of particles for the collapse of the condensate. We have found a dramatic change in the critical exponent (from $α=1$ to $0$) of the specific heat ($C_v\propto|T-T_c|^α$) when the thermal cloud is about to collapse with the critical number of particles ($N=N_c$) just below and above the condensation point. All the results obtained by us below and around the condensation point are experimentally testable within the present-day experimental set-up for the ultracold systems in the magneto-optical traps.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Refractive index for the mechanical refraction of a relativistic particle

We have analytically determined the refractive index for the mechanical refraction of a relativistic particle for its all possible speeds. We have critically analysed the importance of Descartes' metaphysical theory and extended it in this regard. We have considered the conservation of the tangential component of the relativistic momentum and the relativistic energy of the particle in the process of the mechanical refraction within the optical-mechanical analogy. Our result for the mechanical refractive index exactly matches with the forms of both the Fermat's result on Snell's law of optical refraction at the ultra-relativistic limit and the Descartes' metaphysical result on the pseudo-Snell law of optical refraction at the non-relativistic limit.

physics.class-ph

Artificial magnetism for a harmonically trapped Fermi gas in a synthetic magnetic field

We have analytically explored the artificial magnetism for a 3-D spin-polarized harmonically trapped ideal Fermi gas of electrically neutral particles exposed to a uniform synthetic magnetic field. Though polarization of the spin is necessary for trapping electrically neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap, Pauli paramagnetism can not be studied for the spin-polarized Fermi system. However, it is possible to study Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen effect for such a system. We have unified the artificial Landau diamagnetism and the artificial de Haas-van Alphen effect in a single framework for all temperatures as well as for all possible magnitudes of the synthetic magnetic field in the thermodynamic limit. Our prediction is testable in the present-day experimental setup for ultracold fermionic atoms in magneto-optical trap.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Multi-mode Jaynes-Cummings model results for the collapse and the revival of the quantum Rabi oscillations in a lossy resonant cavity

We have numerically obtained theoretical results for the collapse and the revival of the quantum Rabi oscillations for low average number of coherent photons injected on a two-level system in a lossy resonant cavity. We have adopted the multimode Jaynes-Cummings model for the same and especially treated the ``Ohmic" loss to the walls of the cavity, the leakage from the cavity, and the loss due to the spontaneous emission through the open surface of the cavity. We have compared our results with the experimental data obtained by Brune et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1800 (1996)] in this regard.

quant-ph

Finite-size effects on the cluster expansions for quantum gases in restricted geometries

We have analytically obtained 1-particle density matrices for ideal Bose and Fermi gases in both the 3-D box geometries and the harmonically trapped geometries for the entire range of temperature. We have obtained quantum cluster expansions of the grand free energies in closed forms for the same systems in the restricted geometries. We have proposed a theorem (with a proof) about the generic form of the quantum cluster integral. We also have considered short ranged interactions in our analyses for the quasi 1-D cases of Bose and Fermi gases in the box geometries. Our theoretical results are exact, and are directly useful for understanding finite-size effects on quantum cluster expansion of Bose and Fermi gases in the restricted geometries. Our results would be relevant in the context of experimental study of spatial correlations in ultra-cold systems of dilute Bose and Fermi gases of alkali atoms (i) in 3-D magneto-optical box traps with quasi-uniform potential around the center [1], and (ii) in 3-D harmonic traps [2, 3].

cond-mat.quant-gas

Generalization of the Einstein coefficients and rate equations under the quantum Rabi oscillation

We have generalized Einstein coefficients and rate equations from quantum field theoretic point of view by bringing the fundamental processes and the quantum Rabi oscillation in a single footing for the light-matter interactions for nonzero Rabi frequency. We have analytically obtained multimode Jaynes-Cummings model results for the quantum Rabi oscillations of a two-level system in a lossy resonant cavity containing (i) thermal photons and (ii) injected photons of a coherent field. We have renormalized the coupling constant for the light-matter interactions for these cases. Our results match well with the seminal experimental data obtained in this regard by Brune et al [Phys. Rev. Lett 76, 1800 (1996)]. We also have studied the population dynamics in this regard by applying the generalized Einstein rate equations.

quant-ph

Explicit derivation of the Fraunhofer diffraction formula for oblique incidence

We have analytically explored the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction for oblique incidence. We have explicitly derived the Fraunhofer diffraction formulae for oblique incidence of plane scalar wave on various apertures, such as single-slit, circular aperture, and diffraction grating. Such derivations in the background of Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction theory would be important for an undergraduate course on optics.

physics.gen-ph

Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction by apertures moving at relativistic speeds

We have analytically obtained the theoretical results for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (R-S) scalar diffraction by apertures, such as single-slit, double-slit, grating and circular aperture, moving at relativistic speeds with the velocities perpendicular to the direction of incidence. We also have studied diffraction by a single-slit of oscillatory shutter. Our study would be significant in probing the relativistic transverse Doppler effect on the intensity pattern of the diffracted field.

physics.optics

Re-examining Einstein's $B$ coefficient and rate equations with the Rabi model

Starting from the Rabi Hamiltonian, which is useful in arriving at non-perturbative results within the rotating wave approximation, we have found Einstein's $B$ coefficient to be time-dependent: $B(t)\propto|J_0(ω_γt)|$ for a two-level system (atom or molecule) in thermal radiation field. Here $ω_γ$ is the corresponding Rabi flopping (angular) frequency and $J_0$ is the zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind. The resulting oscillations in the $B$ coefficient---even for very small $ω_γ$---drives the system away from thermodynamic equilibrium at any finite temperature contrary to Einstein's assumption. The time-dependent generalized $B$ coefficient facilitates a path to go beyond Pauli's formalism of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics involving the quantum statistical Boltzmann (master) equation. In this context, we have obtained entropy production of the two-level system by revising Einstein's rate equations, while considering the $A$ coefficient to be the original time-independent one and the $B$ coefficient to be time-dependent.

quant-ph

Proof of quantum mechanical H-theorem beyond binary collisions in quantum gases

We have proved the quantum mechanical H-theorem for dilute Bose and Fermi gases by generalizing the quantum statistical Boltzmann equation for all possible many-body elastic collisions among the particles in the quantum gases within the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism. Previous study by Pauli did almost the same only for binary elastic collisions. We are considering all possible many-body elastic collisions for the current study. Our proof offers a better understanding to the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics for quantum gases.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Particle scattering by harmonically trapped Bose and Fermi gases

We have analytically explored the quantum phenomenon of particle scattering by harmonically trapped Bose and Fermi gases with the short ranged (Fermi-Huang $δ^3_p$ [1]) interactions among the incident particle and the scatterers. We have predicted differential scattering cross-sections and their temperature dependence in this regard. Coherent scattering even by a single boson or fermion in the finite geometry gives rise to new tool of determining energy eigenstate of the scatterer. Our predictions on the differential scattering cross-sections, can be tested within the present day experimental setups, specially, for (i) 3-D harmonically trapped interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), (ii) BECs in a double well, and (iii) BECs in an optical lattice.

quant-ph

Casimir effect for a Bose-Einstein condensate inside a cylindrical tube

We explore Casimir effect on an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) inside a cylindrical tube. The Casimir force for the confined BEC comprises of (i) a mean-field part arising from the spatial inhomogeneity of the condensate order parameter, and (ii) a quantum fluctuation part arising from the confinement of Bogoliubov excitations in the condensate. Our analytical result predicts Casimir force on a cylindrical shallow of $^4$He well below the $λ$-point, and can be tested experimentally.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Energy fluctuation and discontinuity of specific heat

Specific heat per particle ($c_v$) of an ideal gas, in many occasions, is interpreted as energy fluctuation per particle ($\triangleε^2$) of the ideal gas through the relation: $\triangleε^2=kT^2c_v$, where $k$ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is the temperature. This relationship is true only in the classical limit, and deviates significantly in the quantum degenerate regime. We have analytically explored quantum to classical crossover of this relationship, in particular, for 3-D free Bose and Fermi gases. We also have explored the same for harmonically trapped cases. We have obtained a hump of $\triangleε^2/kT^2c_v^{(\text{cl})}$ around the condensation point for 3-D harmonically trapped Bose gas. We have discussed the possibility of occurring phase transition with discontinuity of heat capacity from existence of such a hump for other Bose and Fermi systems.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Fermi-Dirac Statistics

Here we have discussed on Fermi-Dirac statistics, in particular, on its brief historical progress, derivation, consequences, applications, etc. Importance of Fermi-Dirac statistics has been discussed even in connection with the current progresses in science. This article is aimed mainly for undergraduate and graduate students.

physics.hist-ph

A complete theory for the magnetism of an ideal gas of electrons

We have explored Pauli paramagnetism, Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen effect in a single framework, and unified these three effects for all temperatures as well as for all strengths of magnetic field. Our result goes beyond Pauli-Landau result on the magnetism of the 3-D ideal gas of electrons, and is able to describe crossover of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillation to the saturation of magnetization. We also have obtained a novel asymptotic series expansion for the low temperature properties of the system.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Thermodynamics of quantum gases for the entire range of temperature

We have analytically explored thermodynamics of free Bose and Fermi gases for the entire range of temperature, and have extended the same for harmonically trapped cases. We have obtained approximate chemical potentials of the quantum gases in closed forms of temperature so that the thermodynamic properties of the quantum gases become plausible specially in the intermediate regime between the classical and quantum limits.

cond-mat.quant-gas