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Stan Sclaroff

Publications and source records attributed to Stan Sclaroff.

56 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

A Bayesian Approach for Online Classifier Ensemble

We propose a Bayesian approach for recursively estimating the classifier weights in online learning of a classifier ensemble. In contrast with past methods, such as stochastic gradient descent or online boosting, our approach estimates the weights by recursively updating its posterior distribution. For a specified class of loss functions, we show that it is possible to formulate a suitably defined likelihood function and hence use the posterior distribution as an approximation to the global empirical loss minimizer. If the stream of training data is sampled from a stationary process, we can also show that our approach admits a superior rate of convergence to the expected loss minimizer than is possible with standard stochastic gradient descent. In experiments with real-world datasets, our formulation often performs better than state-of-the-art stochastic gradient descent and online boosting algorithms.

cs.LG↗

Visual Word Selection without Re-Coding and Re-Pooling

The Bag-of-Words (BoW) representation is widely used in computer vision. The size of the codebook impacts the time and space complexity of the applications that use BoW. Thus, given a training set for a particular computer vision task, a key problem is pruning a large codebook to select only a subset of visual words. Evaluating possible selections of words to be included in the pruned codebook can be computationally prohibitive; in a brute-force scheme, evaluating each pruned codebook requires re-coding of all features extracted from training images to words in the candidate codebook and then re-pooling the words to obtain a representation of each image, e.g., histogram of visual word frequencies. In this paper, a method is proposed that selects and evaluates a subset of words from an initially large codebook, without the need for re-coding or re-pooling. Formulations are proposed for two commonly-used schemes: hard and soft (kernel) coding of visual words with average-pooling. The effectiveness of these formulations is evaluated on the 15 Scenes and Caltech 10 benchmarks.

cs.CV↗