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Steven Abel

Publications and source records attributed to Steven Abel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Setting the Stage for a Non-Supersymmetric UV-Complete String Phenomenology

In this talk, I discuss our recent work concerning the construction of non-supersymmetric heterotic string models which have exponentially suppressed dilaton tadpoles and cosmological constants, and thus greatly enhanced stability properties. The existence of such models opens the door to non-supersymmetric string model-building, and I discuss how semi-realistic string models resembling the Standard Model or any of its unified variants may be constructed within this framework. These models maintain modular invariance and exhibit a misaligned supersymmetry which ensures UV finiteness, even without spacetime supersymmetry. I also discuss the potential implications for phenomenology.

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Shift-Symmetries at Higher Order

The fate of shift-symmetries in effective string models is considered beyond tree-level. Such symmetries have been proposed in the past as a way to maintain a hierarchically small Higgs mass and also play a role in schemes of cosmological relaxation. It is argued that on general grounds one expects shift-symmetries to be restored in the limit of certain asymmetric compactifications, to all orders in perturbation theory. This behaviour is verified by explicit computation of the Kaehler potential to one-loop order.

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Q-branes

Non-topological solitons (Q-balls) are discussed in some stringy settings. Our main result is that the dielectric D-brane system of Myers admits non-abelian Q-ball solutions on their world-volume, in which $N$ D$p$-branes relax to the standard dielectric form outside the Q-ball, but assume a more diffuse configuration at its centre. We also consider how Q-balls behave in the bulk of extra-dimensional theories, or on wrapped branes. We demonstrate that they carry Kaluza-Klein charge and possess a corresponding Kaluza-Klein tower of states just as normal particles, and we discuss surface energy effects by finding exact Q-ball solutions in models with a specific logarithmic potential.

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Towards a Non-Supersymmetric String Phenomenology

Over the past three decades, considerable effort has been devoted to studying the rich and diverse phenomenologies of heterotic strings exhibiting spacetime supersymmetry. Unfortunately, during this same period, there has been relatively little work studying the phenomenologies associated with their non-supersymmetric counterparts. The primary reason for this relative lack of attention is the fact that strings without spacetime supersymmetry are generally unstable, exhibiting large one-loop dilaton tadpoles. In this paper, we demonstrate that this hurdle can be overcome in a class of tachyon-free four-dimensional string models realized through coordinate-dependent compactifications. Moreover, as we shall see, it is possible to construct models in this class whose low-lying states resemble the Standard Model (or even potential unified extensions thereof) --- all without any light superpartners, and indeed without supersymmetry at any energy scale. The existence of such models thus opens the door to general studies of non-supersymmetric string phenomenology, and in this paper we proceed to discuss a variety of theoretical and phenomenological issues associated with such non-supersymmetric strings. On the theoretical side, we discuss the finiteness properties of such strings, the general characteristics of their mass spectra, the magnitude and behavior of their one-loop cosmological constants, and their interpolation properties. By contrast, on the phenomenological side, the properties we discuss are more model-specific and include their construction techniques, their natural energy scales, their particle and charge assignments, and the magnitudes of their associated Yukawa couplings and scalar masses.

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Novel Higgs Potentials from Gauge Mediation of Exact Scale Breaking

We present a gauge mediation principle for BSM theories where exact UV scale invariance is broken in a hidden sector. The relevant configurations are those in which the Standard Model and a hidden sector emanate from a scale invariant pair of UV theories that communicate only via gauge interactions. We compute the radiatively induced Higgs potential which contains logarithmic mass-squared terms that lead to unusual Higgs self-couplings. Its other couplings are unchanged.

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Genetic Algorithms and the Search for Viable String Vacua

Genetic Algorithms are introduced as a search method for finding string vacua with viable phenomenological properties. It is shown, by testing them against a class of Free Fermionic models, that they are orders of magnitude more efficient than a randomised search. As an example, three generation, exophobic, Pati-Salam models with a top Yukawa occur once in every 10^{10} models, and yet a Genetic Algorithm can find them after constructing only 10^5 examples. Such non-deterministic search methods may be the only means to search for Standard Model string vacua with detailed phenomenological requirements.

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Natural Supersymmetry and Dynamical Flavour with Metastable Vacua

We show how gauged flavour breaking and N = 1 supersymmetry breaking can be dynamically aligned to produce natural models. Supersymmetry is broken in a metastable vacuum, while a weakly gauged flavour symmetry is identified with an SU(3)_F subgroup of the global symmetry of the SQCD model. We find that alignment can easily occur either through strongly coupled flavour models, with SQCD bound states playing the role of flavons, or entirely weakly coupled and renormalizable models with elementary SU(3)_F adjoint flavons. In both cases it is essential that the SU(3)_F breaking, and hence all the flavour structure, is driven dynamically by the SUSY breaking. The resulting flavour gauge mediation in conjunction with the usual gauge mediation contribution leads to naturally light third generations squarks, with first and second generations above exclusions.

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Mapping Dirac gaugino masses

We investigate the mapping of Dirac gaugino masses through regions of strong coupling, focussing on SQCD with an adjoint. These models have a well-known Kutasov duality, under which a weakly coupled electric UV description can flow to a different weakly coupled magnetic IR description. We provide evidence to show that Dirac gaugino mass terms map as lim_{mu->infty} mD/(g kappa^{1/(k+1}} = lim_{mu->0} tilde{mD}/(tilde{g} tilde{kappa}^{1/(k+1}} under such a flow, where the coupling kappa appears in the superpotential of the canonically normalised theory as W \supset kappa X^{k+1}. This combination is an RG-invariant to all orders in perturbation theory, but establishing the mapping in its entirety is not straightforward because Dirac masses are not the spurions of holomorphic couplings in the N=1 theory. To circumvent this, we first demonstrate that deforming the Kutasov theory can make it flow to an N=2 theory with parametrically small N=1 deformations. Using harmonic superspace techniques we then show that the N=1 deformations can be recovered from electric and magnetic FI-terms that break N=2 -> N=1, and also show that pure Dirac mass terms can be induced by the same mechanism. We then find that the proposed RG-invariant is indeed preserved under N=2 duality, and thence along the flow to the dual N=1 Kutasov theories. Possible phenomenological applications are discussed.

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Seiberg duality versus hidden local symmetry

It is widely believed that the emergent magnetic gauge symmetry of SQCD is analogous to a hidden local symmetry (HLS). We explore this idea in detail, deriving the entire (spontaneously broken) magnetic theory by applying the HLS formalism to spontaneously broken SU(N) SQCD. We deduce the Kähler potential in the HLS description, and show that gauge and flavour symmetry are smoothly restored along certain scaling directions in moduli space. We propose that it is these symmetry restoring directions, associated with the R-symmetry of the theory, that allow full Seiberg duality. Reconsidering the origin of the magnetic gauge bosons as the rho-mesons of the electric theory, colour-flavour locking allows a simple determination of the parameter "a". Its value continuously interpolates between a=2 on the baryonic branch of moduli space - corresponding to "vector meson dominance" - and a=1 on the mesonic branch. Both limiting values are consistent with previous results in the literature. The HLS formalism is further applied to SO and Sp groups, where the usual Seiberg duals are recovered, as well as adjoint SQCD. Finally we discuss some possible future applications, including (naturally) the unitarisation of composite W scattering, blended Higgs/technicolour models, real world QCD and non-supersymmetric dualities.

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Mapping Anomalous Currents in Supersymmetric Dualities

In many strongly-coupled systems, the infrared dynamics is described by different degrees of freedom from the ultraviolet. It is then natural to ask how operators written in terms of the microscopic variables are mapped to operators composed of the macroscopic ones. Certain types of operators, like conserved currents, are simple to map, and in supersymmetric theories one can also follow the chiral ring. In this note, we consider supersymmetric theories and extend the mapping to anomalous currents (and gaugino bilinears). Our technique is completely independent of subtleties associated with the renormalization group, thereby shedding new light on previous approaches to the problem. We demonstrate the UV/IR mapping in several examples with different types of dynamics, emphasizing the uniformity and simplicity of the approach. Natural applications of these ideas include the effects of soft breaking on the dynamics of various theories and new models of electroweak symmetry breaking.

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Easy Dirac Gauginos

A simple and natural model is presented that gives Dirac gauginos. The configuration is related to "deconstructed gaugino mediation". A high energy completion is provided based on existing ISS-like models of deconstructed gaugino mediation. This provides a complete picture of Dirac gauginos that includes the necessary extra adjoint fermions (generated as magnetic quarks of the ISS theory) and supersymmetry breaking (via the ISS mechanism). Moreover the screening of the scalar masses means that they can similar to or less than the gaugino masses, even though the supersymmetry breaking is driven by F-terms.

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A slice of AdS_5 as the large N limit of Seiberg duality

A slice of AdS_5 is used to provide a 5D gravitational description of 4D strongly-coupled Seiberg dual gauge theories. An (electric) SU(N) gauge theory in the conformal window at large N is described by the 5D bulk, while its weakly coupled (magnetic) dual is confined to the IR brane. This framework can be used to construct an N = 1 MSSM on the IR brane, reminiscent of the original Randall-Sundrum model. In addition, we use our framework to study strongly-coupled scenarios of supersymmetry breaking mediated by gauge forces. This leads to a unified scenario that connects the extra-ordinary gauge mediation limit to the gaugino mediation limit in warped space.

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Pure General Gauge Mediation for Early LHC Searches

We present benchmark points for Pure General Gauge Mediation (GGM) models specifically optimised for early LHC searches. The pure GGM set-up is as defined in our previous paper arXiv:0910.2674: namely we adopt the minimal set-up in which B_mu is generated only through gauge interactions, and as a result tan beta is a prediction rather than an input. The only input parameters are messenger masses together with two independent scales which generate gaugino and scalar masses. The parameter space favoured by current experimental data includes an interesting region with light gluinos (m_g < 500 GeV and relatively heavy squarks) and a bino-like NLSP where early discovery is likely. We also find interesting regions of parameter space where the NLSP is a stau or stau/neutralino co-NLSP and the squark masses are relatively low. We present benchmark points which are typical for each of these three regions, and give the spectrum, branching ratios, and also the overall 2 -> 2 cross-sections. This data in SLHA format can be found at http://www.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~SUSY

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Strong coupling, discrete symmetry and flavour

We show how two principles - strong coupling and discrete symmetry - can work together to generate the flavour structure of the Standard Model. We propose that in the UV the full theory has a discrete flavour symmetry, typically only associated with tribimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector. Hierarchies in the particle masses and mixing matrices then emerge from multiple strongly coupled sectors that break this symmetry. This allows for a realistic flavour structure, even in models built around an underlying grand unified theory. We use two different techniques to understand the strongly coupled physics: confinement in N=1 supersymmetry and the AdS/CFT correspondence. Both approaches yield equivalent results and can be represented in a clear, graphical way where the flavour symmetry is realised geometrically.

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Holographic metastability

We show how supersymmetric QCD in a slice of AdS can naturally acquire metastable vacua. The formulation closely follows that of Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih (ISS), with an "electric" sector on the UV brane and a "magnetic" sector on the IR brane. However the 't Hooft anomaly matching that constrains the Seiberg duality central to ISS is replaced by anomaly inflow and cancellation, and the source of strong coupling is the CFT to which the theory couples rather than the gauge groups. The theory contains an anomaly free R-symmetry that, when broken by UV effects, leads to an O'Raifeartaigh model on the IR brane. In contrast to ISS, the R-symmetry breaking in the UV can be maximal, and yet the R-symmetry breaking in the IR theory remains under strict control: there is no need for retrofitting of small parameters.

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Phenomenology of Pure General Gauge Mediation

We investigate the phenomenology of general gauge mediation in the MSSM. We apply the strict definition of gauge mediated SUSY-breaking where B_mu is generated only through gauge interactions, and as a result is very close to zero at the messenger scale. In this setup tan beta is a prediction rather than an input. The input parameters are independent scales for the gaugino masses, the scalar masses and the messenger mass in accord with general gauge mediation. We investigate the spectra, the constraints on the parameter space from direct searches and indirect observables, as well as fine-tuning. The favoured region of parameter space includes and interpolates between non-split and mildly split SUSY, characteristic of ordinary gauge mediation and direct gauge mediation models, respectively.

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Dual unified SU(5)

Despite the compelling simplicity of minimal supersymmetric unification, the proton does not decay as predicted. A possible explanation is that real unification takes place in a theory which is an electric dual of the MSSM GUT with messengers, which has Landau poles below the GUT scale. As was recently pointed out, unification predictions would be transmitted across such a duality, but proton decay would be negligible. In this paper we present electric Seiberg-duals for the minimal supersymmetric SU(5) GUT (plus messengers) that realise this idea, one particularly nice example being an asymptotically free SU(11)xSp(1)^3 model. We also discuss how gauge-mediated metastable supersymmetry breaking can be incorporated into an overall unified picture.

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Electric/Magnetic Duality with Gauge Singlets

We demonstrate how gauge singlets can be used to find new examples of Kutasov duality (i.e. where the matching of the dual theories relies on a non-zero superpotential) in N}=1 SU(N) SQCD with F_Q flavours of quark and multiple generations of adjoints, or antisymmetrics, or symmetrics. The role of the singlets is to simplify greatly the truncation of the chiral ring whilst maintaining an R-symmetry, and at the same time allowing an unambiguous identification of the elementary mesons of the magnetic theory. The dual theories satisfy all the usual tests, including the highly non-trivial 't Hooft anomaly matching conditions.

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