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Sugumi Kanno

Publications and source records attributed to Sugumi Kanno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Contact order governs the onset of entanglement cascades

Entangling rates describe a direct entangling channel, but give no information when that channel is forbidden. For finite-dimensional analytic pure-state dynamics, we show that the onset of genuine $(n+1)$-partite entanglement is determined by the contact order $m_\star$ between the physical trajectory and the $S|E$ product manifold. It is the first Taylor order that cannot be reproduced by any product curve, or equivalently the first nonvanishing order of the Fubini--Study distance from the product manifold. We derive a time-ordered recursion that removes curvature-induced kinematic terms and computes $m_\star$ from the Taylor coefficients of $H(t)$. This provides a geometric description of an entanglement cascade, in which new subsystems can join multipartite entanglement only after one or more interaction steps. A symmetry-protected three-qubit model realizes $m_\star=2$, and a three-mode bosonic example shows that genuine tripartite entanglement can arise even when the two newly formed reduced pairs remain separable.

quant-ph

Intermittency in Quantum Graviton-Phonon Conversion

A graviton can be converted into a phonon in a resonant bar detector. First-order perturbation theory predicts a strong enhancement of this conversion for coherent and squeezed graviton states, but the probability can exceed unity when the coherent or squeezing parameter is large. Since a conversion probability must satisfy the unitarity bound, we solve the graviton-phonon quantum dynamics exactly within the rotating-wave approximation. For an initial coherent state, we find that the conversion occurs intermittently through narrow bursts separated by intervals of strong suppression. For an initial squeezed state, the departure from perturbative behavior occurs earlier, and the conversion is strongly suppressed after its initial growth. These effects may provide signatures of quantum graviton-phonon dynamics relevant to single-graviton detection.

gr-qc

Binary gravitational waves as probes of quantum graviton states

It is well known that the most reliable way to reveal the quantum nature of light is through photon number statistics, since photons exhibiting sub-Poissonian statistics unambiguously demonstrate their quantum behavior. In this paper, we show that gravitons emitted by binary systems can, in principle, exhibit analogous sub-Poissonian statistics. The key idea is that the vacuum state of gravitons may not be the standard Minkowski vacuum but rather a nonclassical state imprinted with the physics of the early Universe, such as inflation. Accordingly, gravitational waves from binary systems provide a means to probe the graviton states generated in the early Universe. As a concrete example, we show that squeezed graviton states originating from inflation can, in principle, imprint nonclassical graviton number statistics on gravitational waves from binary systems. In particular, we identify the frequency range in which the resulting coherent-squeezed graviton state can exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics. A realistic assessment of observational feasibility is left for future work.

gr-qc

Coherent State Description of Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Holes

Quantum mechanics is the fundamental framework of nature, and gravitational waves from binary black holes during the inspiral phase should likewise be analyzed quantum mechanically. It is commonly assumed that their classical description corresponds to a coherent state, so any deviation would signal genuinely quantum nature of gravity. We show that the coherent-state description reproduces classical gravitational waves at leading order, while next-order effects generate squeezed states of gravitons. For GW150914, we estimate the squeezing parameter to be $\sim 10^{-4}$. We find that gravitational waves from binary black holes are well described by a coherent state.

gr-qc

Parity violation in photon quasinormal modes of black holes

Given that black holes are ubiquitous in the universe and axion-like scalar fields are potential candidates for dark energy and/or dark matter, it is natural to consider cosmological black holes endowed with axion hair. We investigate the photon quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole with axion hair where the electromagnetic field is coupled to the axion field via a Chern-Simons interaction. We derive the master equations for the electromagnetic field as a set of coupled equations for parity-even and parity-odd modes and numerically compute quasinormal modes by using Leaver's continued fraction method. We find parity violation in the polarization of photons within the quasinormal mode spectrum. This parity violation in electromagnetic signals could serve as a new probe to explore the nature of the dark sector.

gr-qc

Enhancing photon-axion conversion probability with squeezed coherent states

In particle physics, axions and axion-like particles are ubiquitous. Remarkably, ultra-light axions could constitute dark matter or dark energy. Therefore, it is important to detect axions experimentally. In the presence of a magnetic field, a photon can be converted into an axion, and vice versa. Utilizing the conversion phenomenon, several methods for detecting axions have been proposed. To improve detectability, it is desirable to use quantum sensing. However, since the conversion process is usually treated as classical wave dynamics, it is unclear how to incorporate quantum effects such as entanglement. In this work, we formulate the photon-axion conversion in a quantum field theoretical manner. As a result, we succeed in evaluating the conversion probability from a photon quantum state to an axion quantum state. In particular, it turns out that squeezed coherent states can enhance the conversion probability.

quant-ph

Toward graviton detection via photon-graviton quantum state conversion

A magnetic field enables the interconversion of photons and gravitons, yet the process is usually analysed only at the level of classical wave equations. We revisit photon-graviton conversion in a quantum field theoretic framework, allowing us to track the evolution of arbitrary quantum states. Treating the photons as squeezed coherent states and the gravitons as the squeezed vacuum expected for primordial gravitational waves, we derive analytic expressions for the conversion probability and show that it can be significantly enhanced compared to the conventional estimate. We further demonstrate that the conversion both swaps preexisting entanglement and generates genuinely new entanglement between the electromagnetic and gravitational sectors, which is impossible in any classical description. Detecting such nonclassical correlations would constitute compelling evidence for the quantization of gravity and offers a novel pathway toward graviton detection.

quant-ph

HBT Interferometry and Quantum Nature of Primordial Gravitational Waves in Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity

Hořava-Lifshitz gravity (to be precise, its projectable version) is recognized as a renormalizable, unitary, and asymptotically free quantum field theory of gravity. Notably, one of its cosmological predictions is that it can produce scale-invariant primordial density fluctuations and primordial gravitational waves without relying on inflation. In this paper, we investigate the quantum nature of the primordial gravitational waves generated in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity. It has been suggested that, for some inflationary models, the non-classicality of primordial gravitational waves in the squeezed coherent quantum state can be detected using the Hanbury Brown - Twiss (HBT) interferometry. We show that in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, scale-invariant primordial gravitational waves can be generated during both the radiation-dominated and matter-dominated eras of the Universe. Moreover, the frequency range of their quantum signatures is shown to extend beyond that of inflationary models.

gr-qc

Search for high-frequency gravitational waves with Rydberg atoms

We propose high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors with Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are ultra-sensitive detectors of electric fields. By setting up a constant magnetic field, a weak electric field is generated upon the arrival of GWs. The weak electric field signal is then detected by an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the system of the Rydberg atoms. Recently, the minimum detectable electric field with the Rydberg atoms is further improved by employing superheterodyne detection method. Hence, even the weak signal generated by GWs turns out to be detectable. We calculate the amplitude of Rabi frequency of the Rydberg atoms induced by the GWs and show that the sensitivity of the Rydberg atoms becomes maximum when the size of the Rydberg atoms is close to the wavelength of GWs. We evaluate the minimum detectable amplitude of GWs with Rubidium Rydberg atoms and find that the detector can probe GWs with a frequency $f=4.2$ GHz and an amplitude around $10^{-20}$.

gr-qc

Impact of quantum entanglement induced by magnetic fields on primordial gravitational waves

There exist observational evidence to believe the existence of primordial magnetic fields generated during inflation. We study primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) during inflation in the presence of magnetic fields sustained by a gauge kinetic coupling. In the model, not only gravitons as excitations of PGWs, but also photons as excitations of electromagnetic fields are highly squeezed. They become entangled with each other through graviton to photon conversion and vice versa. We derive the reduced density matrix for the gravitons and calculate their entanglement entropy. It turns out that the state of the gravitons is not a squeezed state but a mixed state. Although witnessing such an entanglement is not feasible at present, it would be an important experimental challenge.

hep-th

A peak in the power spectrum of primordial gravitational waves induced by primordial dark magnetic fields

Dark gauge fields have been discussed as candidates for dark matter recently. If they existed, primordial dark magnetic fields during inflation would have existed. It is believed that primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) arise out of quantum fluctuations during inflation. We study the graviton-dark photon conversion process in the presence of background primordial dark magnetic fields and find that the process induces the tachyonic instability of the PGWs. As a consequence, a peak appears in the power spectrum of PGWs. It turns out that the peak height depends on the direction of observation. The peak frequency could be in the range from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{3}$ Hertz for GUT scale inflation. Hence, the observation of PGWs could provide a new window for probing primordial dark magnetic fields.

hep-th

Anisotropic warm inflation

Anisotropic inflation is a model succeeded in explaining statistical anisotropy. Warm inflation is a model succeeded in providing a mechanism of reheating during inflation. We study anisotropic warm inflation focusing on the cosmic no-hair conjecture. In the anisotropic warm inflation, the condition for making anisotropy survived is clarified. By assuming a constant value for the dissipation ratio, we find exact solutions of power-law anisotropic warm inflation, and investigate the phase space structure of general solutions. It turns out that whether the anisotropy during inflation survives or not depends on the competition of the potential that drive anisotropic inflation against dissipation of an inflaton field. Anisotropic warm inflation will be realized if the decaying process is not efficient.

hep-th

Circularly polarized gravitational waves in Chern-Simons gravity originated from an axion domain wall

We study a scattering problem of gravitational waves (GWs) by an axion domain wall in Chern-Simons (CS) gravity. We find that circular polarization of GWs is produced after passing through the domain wall. It turns out that the circular polarization is sizable if the frequency of the GW is comparable to a critical value determined by the characteristic CS length scale and the energy scale of the axion domain wall. Thus, observations of the circular polarization could give a stringent constraint on the characteristic CS length scale or could be a new avenue to search for axion.

hep-th

Conversion of squeezed gravitons into photons during inflation

It is believed that relic gravitons are squeezed during inflation. If so, quantum noise induced by them can be significantly enhanced in current interferometers. However, decoherence of the gravitons during cosmic history may change the degree of squeezing. As a first step for analyzing the decoherence of the gravitons, we assume the presence of a sizable magnetic field at the beginning of inflation and study conversion processes of the squeezed gravitons into photons during inflation in the case of minimal coupling between gravitons and photons. We solve the dynamical evolution of a coupled system of gravitons and photons perturbatively and obtain squeezing parameters for the system numerically and analytically. It turns out that the gravitons are robust against the decoherence caused by the cosmological magnetic fields. We also find that the conversion rate of gravitons into photons is at a few percent at most.

hep-th

Graviton non-gaussianity in $α$-vacuum

We compute the leading order non-Gaussianity, i.e., the bispectrum, of the tensor perturbation in the general $α$-vacuum on de Sitter space in general relativity. In addition to the well-known Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum, there exits an infinite number of de Sitter invariant vacua represented by a real parameter $α$ and a phase $ϕ$, with $α=0$ being the BD vacuum. They are called $α$-vacua. In the standard slow-roll inflation, as de Sitter invariance no longer applies, the $α$-vacua lose its relevance in the rigorous sense. Nevertheless, if we assume that the parameter $α$ is only weakly dependent on the wavenumber with an appropriate UV cutoff, we may consider pseudo-$α$-vacua. In the case of false vacuum inflation where the background spacetime is pure de Sitter, a non-trivial (non-BD) $α$-vacuum could indeed be realized. We find an intriguing result that the bispectrum may be exponentially enhanced to be detectable by observation even if the spectrum is too small to be detected.

hep-th

Harvesting quantum coherence from axion dark matter

Quantum coherence is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics rooted in the superposition principle. Recently it has been demonstrated that it is possible to harvest the quantum coherence from a coherent scalar field. In order to explore a new method of detecting axion dark matter, we consider a point-like Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to the axion field and quantify a coherent measure of the detector. We show that the detector can harvest the quantum coherence from the axion dark matter. To be more precise, we consider a two-level of electron system in an atom as the detector. In this case, we obtain the coherence measure $C=2.2\times 10^{-6}γ\, \left(T/1{\rm s}\right)$ where $T$ and $γ$ are an observation time and the Lorentz factor. At the same time, the axion mass $m_a$ we can probe is determined by the energy gap of the detector.

quant-ph

Squeezed quantum states of graviton and axion in the universe

Particle production during cosmic expansion can be interpreted as a two-mode squeezing process of quantum states. The two-mode squeezed states consist of an infinite number of entangled particles and then enhance the nonclassicality of particles. There are two methods for estimating the degree of squeezing. One is to employ instantaneous vacuum states, and the other is to adopt adiabatic vacuum states. We analytically study the squeezing process of gravitons and axions by using the two methods. We first consider a cosmological model of inflation followed by instantaneous reheating leading to a radiation dominated era. In the case of gravitons, we find no qualitatively difference in the squeezing between the two methods. However, for the axions, it turns out that the squeezing in the instantaneous vacuum increases as the mass increases while the squeezing decreases in the adiabatic vacuum as the mass increases. We then study the effect of non-instantaneous reheating on the the squeezing and show that the squeezing is enhanced compared with the instantaneous reheating. We also illustrate how the squeezed states enhance the violation of Bell inequality and quantum noise of gravitons and axions.

gr-qc

Indirect detection of gravitons through quantum entanglement

We propose an experiment that the entanglement between two macroscopic mirrors suspended at the end of an equal-arm interferometer is destroyed by the noise of gravitons through bremsstrahlung. By calculating the correlation function of the noise, we obtain the decoherence time from the decoherence functional. We estimate that the decoherence time induced by the noise of gravitons in squeezed states stemming from inflation is approximately 20 seconds for 40 km long arms and 40 kg mirrors. Our analysis shows that observation of the decoherence time of quantum entanglement has the potential to detect gravitons indirectly. This indirect detection of gravitons would give strong evidence of quantum gravity.

gr-qc