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T. Lorenz

Publications and source records attributed to T. Lorenz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Magnetoelastic coupling across the metamagnetic transition in Ca$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$RuO$_4$ (0.2 < x < 0.5)

The magnetoelastic coupling in Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$ and in Ca$_{1.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$RuO$_4$ has been studied combining high-resolution dilatometer and diffraction techniques. Both compounds exhibit strong anomalies in the thermal-expansion coefficient at zero and at high magnetic field as well as an exceptionally large magnetostriction. All these structural effects, which are strongest in Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$, point to a redistribution of electrons between the different $t_{2g}$ orbitals tuned by temperature and magnetic field. The temperature and the field dependence of the thermal-expansion anomalies in Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$ yield evidence for a critical end-point lying close to the low-temperature metamagnetic transition; however, the expected scaling relations are not well fulfilled.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Thermodynamic properties of the field-induced Neel order of TlCuCl3

TlCuCl3 shows a quantum phase transition from a spin-gap phase to a Neel-ordered ground state as a function of magnetic field around H_{C0}~4.8T. From measurements of the specific heat c and the linear thermal expansion alpha_i we calculate the Grueneisen parameter Gamma_i(T)=alpha_i/c. Close to H_{C0} we find a diverging Gamma_i(T->0, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. However, the predicted individual temperature dependencies of alpha(T) and c(T) are not reproduced by our experimental data.

cond-mat.str-el↗

The spin state transition in LaCoO$_{3}$; revising a revision

Using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism at the Co-$L_{2,3}$ edge we reveal that the spin state transition in LaCoO$_{3}$ can be well described by a low-spin ground state and a triply-degenerate high-spin first excited state. From the temperature dependence of the spectral lineshapes we find that LaCoO$_{3}$ at finite temperatures is an inhomogeneous mixed-spin-state system. Crucial is that the magnetic circular dichroism signal in the paramagnetic state carries a large orbital momentum. This directly shows that the currently accepted low-/intermediate-spin picture is at variance. Parameters derived from these spectroscopies fully explain existing magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance and inelastic neutron data.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Thermodynamics of the coupled spin-dimer system TlCuCl3 close to a quantum phase transition

We present thermal expansion alpha, magnetostriction and specific heat C measurements of \tal, which shows a quantum phase transition from a spin-gap phase to a Neel-ordered ground state as a function of magnetic field around H_{C0}->4.8T. Using Ehrenfest's relation, we find huge pressure dependencies of the spin gap for uniaxial as well as for hydrostatic pressure. For T->0 and H->H_{C0} we observe a diverging Grueneisen parameter Gamma(T)=alpha/C, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. However, the predicted individual temperature dependencies alpha(T) and C(T) are not reproduced by our experimental data.

cond-mat.str-el↗

A New Multiferroic Material: MnWO4

We report the multiferroic behaviour of MnWO$_4$, a magnetic oxide with monoclinic crystal structure and spiral long-range magnetic order. Based upon recent theoretical predictions MnWO$_4$ should exhibit ferroelectric polarization coexisting with the proper magnetic structure. We have confirmed the multiferroic state below 13 K by observing a finite electrical polarization in the magnetically ordered state via pyroelectric current measurements.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Spin thermal conductivity of the Haldane chain compound Y2BaNiO5

We have measured the thermal conductivity of the spin S=1 chain compound Y2BaNiO5. Analyzing the anisotropy of the thermal transport allows to identify a definite spin-mediated thermal conductivity κ_s along the chain direction. The calculated spin-related energy diffusion constant D_E(T) shows a broad peak around 120 K. Close to room temperature, D_E(T) approaches the theoretically predicted high-temperature value, while scattering of spin excitations by magnetic impurities seems to be the major limiting factor of κ_s at low temperature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Evidence for Multiple Phase Transitions in La_1-xCa_xCoO_3

We report thermal-expansion and specific-heat data of the series La_1-xCa_xCoO_3 for 0 <= x <= 0.3. For x = 0 the thermal-expansion coefficient alpha(T) features a pronounced maximum around T = 50 K caused by a temperature-dependent spin-state transition from a low-spin state (S=0) at low temperatures towards a higher spin state of the Co^3+ ions. The partial substitution of the La^3+ ions by divalent Ca^2+ ions causes drastic changes in the macroscopic properties of LaCoO_3. Around x ~ 0.125 the large maximum in alpha(T) has completely vanished. With further increasing x three different anomalies develop.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Uniaxial pressure dependencies of the phase transitions in GdMnO$_3$

GdMnO$_3$ shows an incommensurate antiferromagnetic order below $\simeq 42$ K, transforms into a canted A-type antiferromagnet below $\simeq 20$ K, and for finite magnetic fields along the b axis ferroelectric order occurs below $\simeq 12$ K. From high-resolution thermal expansion measurements along all three principal axes, we determine the uniaxial pressure dependencies of the various transition temperatures and discuss their correlation to changes of the magnetic exchange couplings in $R$MnO$_3$ ($R = {\rm La, ... Dy}$).

cond-mat.str-el↗

Hysteresis effects in the phase diagram of multiferroic GdMnO$_3$

We present high-resolution thermal expansion $α(T)$ and magnetostriction $ΔL(H)/L$ measurements of GdMnO$_3$, which develops an incommensurate antiferromagnetic order (ICAFM) below $T_{\rm N}\simeq$ 42 K and transforms into a canted A-type antiferromagnet (cAFM) below $T_{\rm c}\simeq 20 $K. In addition, a ferroelectric polarization ${\bf P}||a$ is observed below $T_{\rm FE} $ for finite magnetic fields applied along the $b$ direction. In zero magnetic field we find a strongly anisotropic thermal expansion with certain, rather broad anomalous features. In finite magnetic fields, however, very strong anomalies arise at $T_{\rm c}$ for fields applied along each of the orthorhombic axes and at $T_{\rm FE}$ for fields along the b axis. Both phase transitions are of first-order type and strongly hysteretic. We observe a down-bending of the ICAFM-to-cAFM phase boundary $T_{\rm c}(H)$ for low magnetic fields and our data give evidence for coexisting phases in the low-field low-temperature range.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Magnetic heat transport in R$_2$CuO$_4$ (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd)

We have studied the thermal conductivity $κ$ on single crystalline samples of the antiferromagnetic monolayer cuprates R$_2$CuO$_4$ with R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd. For a heat current within the CuO$_2$ planes, i.e. for $κ_{ab}$ we find high-temperature anomalies around 250 K in all samples. In contrast, the thermal conductivity $κ_c$ perpendicular to the CuO$_2$ planes, which we measured for R = La, Pr, and Gd, shows a conventional temperature dependence as expected for a purely phononic thermal conductivity. This qualitative anisotropy of $κ_i$ and the anomalous temperature dependence of $κ_{ab}$ give evidence for a significant magnetic contribution $κ_{mag}$ to the heat transport within the CuO$_2$ planes. Our results suggest, that a large magnetic contribution to the heat current is a common feature of single-layer cuprates. We find that $κ_{mag}$ is hardly affected by structural instabilities, whereas already weak charge carrier doping causes a strong suppression of $κ_{mag}$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Electronic structure of $RE$AuMg and $RE$AgMg ($RE$ = Eu, Gd, Yb)

We have investigated the electronic structure of the equiatomic EuAuMg, GdAuMg, YbAuMg and GdAgMg intermetallics using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra revealed that the Yb and Eu are divalent while the Gd is trivalent. The spectral weight in the vicinity of the Fermi level is dominated by the mix of Mg $s$, Au/Ag $sp$ and $RE$ $spd$ bands, and not by the $RE$ $4f$. We also found that the Au and Ag $d$ bands are extraordinarily narrow, as if the noble metal atoms were impurities submerged in a low density $sp$ metal host. The experimental results were compared with band structure calculations, and we found good agreement provided that the spin-orbit interaction in the Au an Ag $d$ bands is included and correlation effects in an open $4f$ shell are accounted for using the local density approximation + Hubbard $U$ scheme. Nevertheless, limitations of such a mean-field scheme to explain excitation spectra are also evident.

cond-mat.other↗

Thermodynamic Properties of (Ca,Sr)$_2$RuO$_4$ in Magnetic Fields

We have studied the influence of a magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of Ca$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$RuO$_4$ in the intermediate metallic region with tilt and rotational distortions ($0.2\leq x \leq 0.5$). We find strong and anisotropic thermal expansion anomalies at low temperatures, which are suppressed and even reversed by a magnetic field. The metamagnetic transition of Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$ is accompanied by a large magnetostriction. Furthermore, we observe a strong magnetic-field dependence of $c_p/T$, that can be explained by magnetic fluctuations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Magnetoresistance, specific heat and magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic rare-earth transition-metal magnesium compounds

We present a study of the magnetoresistance, the specific heat and the magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic $RET$Mg intermetallics with $RE = {\rm La}$, Eu, Gd, Yb and $T = {\rm Ag}$, Au and of GdAuIn. Depending on the composition these compounds are paramagnetic ($RE = {\rm La}$, Yb) or they order either ferro- or antiferromagnetically with transition temperatures ranging from about 13 to 81 K. All of them are metallic, but the resistivity varies over 3 orders of magnitude. The magnetic order causes a strong decrease of the resistivity and around the ordering temperature we find pronounced magnetoresistance effects. The magnetic ordering also leads to well-defined anomalies in the specific heat. An analysis of the entropy change leads to the conclusions that generally the magnetic transition can be described by an ordering of localized $S=7/2$ moments arising from the half-filled $4f^7$ shells of Eu$^{2+}$ or Gd$^{3+}$. However, for GdAgMg we find clear evidence for two phase transitions indicating that the magnetic ordering sets in partially below about 125 K and is completed via an almost first-order transition at 39 K. The magnetocaloric effect is weak for the antiferromagnets and rather pronounced for the ferromagnets for low magnetic fields around the zero-field Curie temperature.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Thermal conductivity of R2CuO4, with R = La, Pr and Gd

We present measurements of the in-plane kappa_ab and out-of-plane kappa_c thermal conductivity of Pr2CuO4 and Gd2CuO4 single crystals. The anisotropy gives strong evidence for a large contribution of magnetic excitations to kappa_ab i.e. for a heat current within the CuO2 planes. However, the absolute values of kappa_mag are lower than previous results on La2CuO4. These differences probably arise from deviations from the nominal oxygen stoichiometry. This has a drastic influence on kappa_mag, which is shown by an investigation of a La2CuO4+delta polycrystal.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Thermal Conductivity, Thermopower, and Figure of Merit of La_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_3

We present a study of the thermal conductivity k and the thermopower S of single crystals of La_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_3 with 0<= x <= 0.3. For all Sr concentrations La_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_3 has rather low k values, whereas S strongly changes as a function of x. We discuss the influence of the temperature- and the doping-induced spin-state transitions of the Co ions on both, S and k. From S, k, and the electrical resistivity rho we derive the thermoelectric figure of merit Z=S^2/(k*rho). For intermediate Sr concentrations we find notably large values of Z indicating that Co-based materials could be promising candidates for thermoelectric cooling.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Uniaxial pressure dependencies of the phase boundary of TlCuCl_3

We present a thermal expansion and magnetostriction study of TlCuCl_3, which shows a magnetic-field induced transition from a spin gap phase to a Neel ordered phase. Using Ehrenfest relations we derive huge and strongly anisotropic uniaxial pressure dependencies of the respective phase boundary, e.g. the transition field changes by about $\pm 185$ GPa depending on the direction of uniaxial pressure.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Optical study of orbital excitations in transition-metal oxides

The orbital excitations of a series of transition-metal compounds are studied by means of optical spectroscopy. Our aim was to identify signatures of collective orbital excitations by comparison with experimental and theoretical results for predominantly local crystal-field excitations. To this end, we have studied TiOCl, RTiO3 (R=La, Sm, Y), LaMnO3, Y2BaNiO5, CaCu2O3, and K4Cu4OCl10, ranging from early to late transition-metal ions, from t_2g to e_g systems, and including systems in which the exchange coupling is predominantly three-dimensional, one-dimensional or zero-dimensional. With the exception of LaMnO3, we find orbital excitations in all compounds. We discuss the competition between orbital fluctuations (for dominant exchange coupling) and crystal-field splitting (for dominant coupling to the lattice). Comparison of our experimental results with configuration-interaction cluster calculations in general yield good agreement, demonstrating that the coupling to the lattice is important for a quantitative description of the orbital excitations in these compounds. However, detailed theoretical predictions for the contribution of collective orbital modes to the optical conductivity (e.g., the line shape or the polarization dependence) are required to decide on a possible contribution of orbital fluctuations at low energies, in particular in case of the orbital excitations at about 0.25 eV in RTiO3. Further calculations are called for which take into account the exchange interactions between the orbitals and the coupling to the lattice on an equal footing.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Pressure-driven orbital reorientation and change in Mott-Hubbard gap in YTiO3

We investigate the crystal structure of YTiO3 at high pressures up to 30 GPa by synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (T = 295 K). The variation of the Ti--O bond lengths with pressure evidences a distinct change in the distortion of the TiO_6 octahedra at around 10 GPa, indicating a pressure-driven spatial reorientation of the occupied Ti 3d(t_2g) orbitals. The pressure-induced reduction of the optical band gap of YTiO3 is determined quantitatively by mid-infrared synchrotron micro-spectroscopy and discussed in terms of bond length and orbital orientation changes.

cond-mat.str-el↗