Emergent gold-induced interfacial magnetism in monolayer FePS$_3$
Owing to their atomically clean interfaces and extreme thinness, two-dimensional (2D) materials are ideal hosts for strong proximity effects, whereby contact with an adjacent material reshapes their ground state. Here, we demonstrate such an effect within a hybrid heterostructure, between the 2D antiferromagnet FePS$_3$ and an ultrathin gold film. Rather than a passive support, the latter profoundly changes the nature of the magnetism in the 2D magnet, inducing a sizeable interfacial moment. Large-area flakes from Au-assisted exfoliation, combined with element-selective X-ray absorption mapping, enable a layer-by-layer study from monolayer to bulk, benchmarked against an inert SiO$_2$ substrate reference. At 9 T and 5 K, the monolayer on gold shows a three-fold enhanced X-ray magnetic circular dichroism relative to SiO$_2$, with a $\sim$40% reduction of the orbital-to-spin moment ratio. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering reveals a collapse of the crystal-field (d-d) excitations and a massive spectral-weight transfer to the charge-transfer region, unveiling the microscopic mechanism behind this change. Supported by atomic multiplet calculations, we identify interfacial charge transfer and Fe 3d-Au hybridization as the origin of these effects, which decay over the first three layers and vanish at the pentalayer, establishing layer number combined with substrate engineering as an atomically precise handle.