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Walter Greiner

Publications and source records attributed to Walter Greiner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
arXiv2003

Optical response of small magnesium clusters

We predict the strong enhancement in the photoabsorption of small Mg clusters in the region of 4-5 eV due to the resonant excitation of the plasmon oscillations of cluster electrons. The photoabsorption spectra for neutral Mg clusters consisting of up to N=11 atoms have been calculated using ab initio framework based on the time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The nature of predicted resonances has been elucidated by comparison of the results of the ab initio calculations with the results of the classical Mie theory. The splitting of the plasmon resonances caused by the cluster deformation is analysed. The reliability of the used calculation scheme has been proved by performing the test calculation for a number of sodium clusters and the comparison of the results obtained with the results of other methods and experiment.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2003

Fusion process of Lennard-Jones clusters: global minima and magic numbers formation

We present a new theoretical framework for modelling the fusion process of Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters. Starting from the initial tetrahedral cluster configuration, adding new atoms to the system and absorbing its energy at each step, we find cluster growing paths up to the cluster sizes of up to 150 atoms. We demonstrate that in this way all known global minima structures of the LJ-clusters can be found. Our method provides an efficient tool for the calculation and analysis of atomic cluster structure. With its use we justify the magic number sequence for the clusters of noble gas atoms and compare it with experimental observations. We report the striking correspondence of the peaks in the dependence on cluster size of the second derivative of the binding energy per atom calculated for the chain of LJ-clusters based on the icosahedral symmetry with the peaks in the abundance mass spectra experimentally measured for the clusters of noble gas atoms. Our method serves an efficient alternative to the global optimization techniques based on the Monte-Carlo simulations and it can be applied for the solution of a broad variety of problems in which atomic cluster structure is important.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2002

Evolution of electronic and ionic structure of Mg-clusters with the growth cluster size

The optimized structure and electronic properties of neutral and singly charged magnesium clusters have been investigated using ab initio theoretical methods based on density-functional theory and systematic post-Hartree-Fock many-body perturbation theory accounting for all electrons in the system. We have systematically calculated the optimized geometries of neutral and singly charged magnesium clusters consisting of up to 21 atoms, electronic shell closures, binding energies per atom, ionization potentials and the gap between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. We have investigated the transition to the hcp structure and metallic evolution of the magnesium clusters, as well as the stability of linear chains and rings of magnesium atoms. The results obtained are compared with the available experimental data and the results of other theoretical works.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2002

In-medium vector meson properties and low-mass dilepton production from hot hadronic matter

The in-medium properties of the vector mesons are known to be modified significantly in hot and dense hadronic matter due to vacuum polarisation effects from the baryon sector in the Walecka model. The vector meson mass drops significantly in the medium due to the effects of the Dirac sea. In the variational approach adopted in the present paper, these effects are taken into account through a realignment of the ground state with baryon condensates. Such a realignment of the ground state becomes equivalent to summing of the baryonic tadpole diagrams in the relativistic Hartree approximation (RHA). The approximation scheme adopted here goes beyond RHA to include quantum effects from the scalar meson and is nonperturbative and self--consistent. It includes multiloop effects, thus corresponding to a different approximation as compared to the one loop approximation of including scalar field quantum corrections. In the present work, we study the properties of the vector mesons in the hot and dense matter as modified due to such quantum correction effects from the baryon as well as scalar meson sectors. These medium modifications of the properties of the vector mesons are reflected, through the shifting and broadening of the respective peaks, in the low mass dilepton spectra. There is broadening of the peaks due to corrections from scalar meson quantum effects as compared to the relativistic Hartree approximation. It is seen to be rather prominent for the $ω$ meson in the invariant mass plot.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2002

Particle production in time-dependent gravitational fields: the expanding mass shell

We compute the production of particles from the gravitational field of an expanding mass shell. Contrary to the situation of Hawking radiation and the production of cosmological perturbations during cosmological inflation, the example of an expanding mass shell has no horizon and no singularity. We apply the method of `ray-tracing', first introduced by Hawking, and calculate the energy spectrum of the produced particles. The result depends on three parameters: the expansion velocity of the mass shell, its radius, and its mass. Contrary to the situation of a collapsing mass shell, the energy spectrum is non-thermal. Invoking time reversal we reproduce Hawking's thermal spectrum in a certain limit.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2002

Phase Transition to Hyperon Matter in Neutron Stars

Recent progress in the understanding of the high density phase of neutron stars advances the view that a substantial fraction of the matter consists of hyperons. The possible impacts of a highly attractive interaction between hyperons on the properties of compact stars are investigated. We find that a hadronic equation of state with hyperons allows for a first order phase transition to hyperonic matter. The corresponding hyperon stars can have rather small radii of R=8 km.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2002

On the applicability of jellium model to the description of alkali clusters

This work is devoted to the elucidation the applicability of jellium model to the description of alkali cluster properties on the basis of comparison the jellium model results with those derived from experiment and within ab initio theoretical framework. On the basis of the Hartree-Fock and local-density approximation deformed jellium model we have calculated the binding energies per atom, ionization potentials, deformation parameters and the optimized values of the Wigner-Seitz radii for neutral and singly charged sodium clusters with the number of atoms N <= 20. These characteristics are compared with the results derived from the ab initio all-electron simulations of cluster electronic and ionic structure based on the density functional theory as well as on the post Hartree-Fock perturbation theory on many-electron correlation interaction. The comparison performed demonstrates the great role of cluster shape deformations in the formation cluster properties and the quite reasonable level of applicability of the deformed jellium model.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2002

Closed-Time Path Integral Formalism and Medium Effects of Non-Equilibrium QCD Matter

We apply the closed-time path integral formalism to study the medium effects of non-equilibrium gluon matter. We derive the medium modified resummed gluon propagator to the one loop level in non-equilibrium in the covariant gauge. The gluon propagator we derive can be used to remove the infrared divergences in the secondary parton collisions to study thermalization of minijet parton plasma at RHIC and LHC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2002

Parton Production Via Vacuum Polarization

We discuss the production mechanism of partons via vacuum polarization during the very early, gluon dominated phase of an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision in the framework of the background field method of quantum chromodynamics.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Kinetic equation for gluons at the early stage

We derive the kinetic equation for pure gluon QCD plasma in a general way, applying the background field method. We show that the quantum kinetic equation contains a term as in the classical case, that describes a color charge precession of partons moving in the gauge field. We emphasize that this new term is necessary for the gauge covariance of the resulting equation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Structure and properties of small sodium clusters

We have investigated structure and properties of small metal clusters using all-electron ab initio theoretical methods based on the Hartree-Fock approximation and density functional theory, perturbation theory and compared results of our calculations with the available experimental data and the results of other theoretical works. We have systematically calculated the optimized geometries of neutral and singly charged sodium clusters having up to 20 atoms, their multipole moments (dipole and quadrupole), static polarizabilities, binding energies per atom, ionization potentials and frequencies of normal vibration modes. Our calculations demonstrate the great role of many-electron correlations in the formation of electronic and ionic structure of small metal clusters and form a good basis for further detailed study of their dynamic properties, as well as structure and properties of other atomic cluster systems.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2001

Comparative study of metal cluster fission in Hartree-Fock and LDA

Fission of doubly charged metal clusters is studied using the open-shell two-center deformed jellium Hartree-Fock model and Local Density Approximation. Results of calculations of the electronic structure and fission barriers for the symmetric and asymmetric channels associated with the following processes Na_{10}^{2+} --> Na_{7}^{+} + Na_{3}^{+}, Na_{18}^{2+} --> Na_{15}^{+} + Na_{3}^{+} and Na_{18}^{2+} --> 2 Na_{9}^{+} are presented. The role of the exact exchange and many-body correlation effects in metal clusters fission is analysed. It is demonstrated that the influence of many-electron correlation effects on the height of the fission barrier is more profound if the barrier arises nearby or beyond the scission point. The importance of cluster deformation effects in the fission process is elucidated with the use of the overlapping-spheroids shape parametrization allowing one an independent variation of deformations in the parent and daughter clusters.

physics.atm-clus↗
arXiv2001

Partonic Scattering Cross Sections in the QCD Medium

A medium modified gluon propagator is used to evaluate the scattering cross section for the process gg-->gg in the QCD medium by performing an explicit sum over the polarizations of the gluons. We incorporate a magnetic sreening mass from a non-perturbative study. It is shown that the medium modified cross section is finite, divergence free, and is independent of any ad-hoc momentum transfer cut-off parameters. The medium modified finite cross sections are necessary for a realistic investigation of the production and equilibration of the minijet plasma expected at RHIC and LHC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Vector meson masses in hot nuclear matter : the effect of quantum corrections

The medium modification of vector meson masses is studied taking into account the quantum correction effects for the hot and dense hadronic matter. In the framework of Quantum Hadrodynamics, the quantum corrections from the baryon and scalar meson sectors were earlier computed using a nonperturbative variational approach through a realignment of the ground state with baryon-antibaryon and sigma meson condensates. The effect of such corrections was seen to lead to a softer equation of state giving rise to a lower value for the compressibility and, an increase in the in-medium baryonic masses than would be reached when such quantum effects are not taken into account. These quantum corrections arising from the scalar meson sector result in an increase in the masses of the vector mesons in the hot and dense matter, as compared to the situation when only the vacuum polarisation effects from the baryonic sector are taken into account.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2001

Leading-Order Gluon-Pair Production from a Space-Time Dependent Chromofield

We describe gluon-pair production from a space-time dependent chromofield via vacuum polarization within the framework of the background field method of QCD. The processes we consider are first order in the action. We derive the corresponding source terms for gluon pair production for situations that can be described by a 1+1 dimensional approach. Especially, we observe that within the range of applicability of our approach the principal contribution to gluon production is included. Gluon production from a space-time dependent chromofield will play an important role in the production and evolution of the quark-gluon plasma in ultra relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC.

hep-ph↗