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Wenliang Li

Publications and source records attributed to Wenliang Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Boundary anomalous dimensions from BCFT: $ϕ^{3}$ theories with a boundary and higher-derivative generalizations

We consider the bulk $ϕ^3$ deformation of the free boundary conformal field theory in the $ε$ expansion. We determine the leading corrections to the scaling dimensions of boundary fundamental operators and some boundary operator expansion coefficients. Our procedure combines the conformal multiplet recombination with the boundary crossing symmetry. The results cover both the single field case and the multi-field case with $S_{N+1}$ global symmetry, which are associated with the Yang-Lee model and the $(N+1)$-state Potts model respectively. These semi-infinite models describe branched polymers, percolation, and spanning forest at a surface. We generalize these results to some higher derivative theories. In addition, we study the $ϕ^{2n+1}$ theories with $n>1$, but only obtain some boundary operator expansion coefficients.

hep-th↗
arXiv2026

Thinking Like a Clinician: A Cognitive AI Agent for Clinical Diagnosis via Panoramic Profiling and Adversarial Debate

The application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision support faces significant challenges of "tunnel vision" and diagnostic hallucinations present in their processing unstructured electronic health records (EHRs). To address these challenges, we propose a novel chain-based clinical reasoning framework, called DxChain, which transforms the diagnostic workflow into an iterative process by mirroring a clinician's cognitive trajectory that consists of "Memory Anchoring", "Navigation" and "Verification" phases. DxChain introduces three key methodological innovations to elicit the potential of LLM: (i) a Profile-Then-Plan paradigm to mitigate cold-start hallucinations by establishing a panoramic patient baseline, (ii) a Medical Tree-of-Thoughts (Med-ToT) algorithm for strategic look ahead planning and resource aware navigation, and (iii) a Dialectical Diagnostic Verification procedure utilizing "Angel-Devil" adversarial debates to resolve complex evidence conflicts. Evaluated on two real world benchmarks, MIMIC-IV-Ext Cardiac Disease and MIMIC-IV-Ext CDM, DxChain achieves state-of-the-art performances in both diagnostic accuracy and logical consistency, offering a modular and reliable architecture for next-generation clinical AI. The code is at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/Dx-Chain.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2026

Producing and Studying Rare Isotopes in $e+A$ Collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider

The Electron--Ion Collider (EIC) offers a unique environment to study kinematically controlled lepton--nucleus ($e{+}A$) reactions, where a primary hard scattering is followed by an intranuclear cascade and the subsequent statistical de-excitation of the nuclear remnant. Utilizing the \soft{BeAGLE} model, we demonstrate that event-by-event fluctuations in nucleon removal and energy deposition populate a diverse ensemble of excited remnants. Furthermore, we show that varying the target mass systematically shifts the distribution of these remnants across the $(N, Z)$ plane. Although this excited prefragment remnant is not directly observable, its properties are shown to be strongly correlated with final-state fragments; specifically, the largest nuclear residue and the intensity of evaporation yield serve as effective experimental proxies for event-level remnant characterization. We also evaluate photon observables essential for nuclear spectroscopy. While various photon sources overlap significantly in pseudorapidity, we find that in the nucleus-rest frame, the low-energy spectrum is dominated by de-excitation $\gamma$ rays and exhibits distinct discrete structures. These findings motivate an EIC research program that correlates rare-isotope production and de-excitation radiation with well-defined initial conditions, providing a collider-based approach to nuclear spectroscopy that is complementary to existing fixed-target facilities.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2025

Boundary anomalous dimensions from BCFT: O($N$)-symmetric $ϕ^{2n}$ theories with a boundary and higher-derivative generalizations

We investigate the $ϕ^{2n}$ deformations of the O($N$)-symmetric (generalized) free theories with a flat boundary, where $n\geqslant 2$ is an integer. The generalized free theories refer to the $\Box^k$ free scalar theories with a higher-derivative kinetic term, which is related to the multicritical generalizations of the Lifshitz type. We assume that the (generalized) free theories and the deformed theories have boundary conformal symmetry and O($N$) global symmetry. The leading anomalous dimensions of some boundary operators are derived from the bulk multiplet recombination and analyticity constraints. We find that the $ε^{1/2}$ expansion in the $ϕ^6$-tricritical version of the special transition extends to other multicritical cases with larger odd integer $n$, and most of the higher derivative cases involve a noninteger power expansion in $ε$. Using the analytic bootstrap, we further verify that the multiplet-recombination results are consistent with boundary crossing symmetry.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

Bootstrapping Yang-Mills matrix integrals

We revisit the large $N$ limit of bosonic $D$-matrix Yang-Mills integrals using two complementary bootstrap methods. In the positivity bootstrap, we obtain bounds for $\langle \text{tr} XX \rangle$ and $\langle \text{tr} XXXX \rangle$ at various length cutoffs $L_{\max}$. For $D=3$, we do not find an isolated region until $L_{\max}=12$. For larger $D$, the allowed regions become islands at $L_{\max}=8$ and shrink rapidly as $L_{\max}$ increases. The precision of some $L_{\max}=12$ islands is comparable to that of Monte Carlo estimates. For a fixed $L_{\max}$, the allowed region also shrinks with $D$ and converges to the large $D$ expansion results. We further deduce the analytic expressions of various types of trajectories and eigenvalue distributions at large $D$. Based on these explicit formulas, we propose some ansatz for the analytic trajectory bootstrap and obtain accurate results for finite $D$.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

MACD: Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis with Self-Learned Knowledge for LLM

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in supporting medical diagnosis, with prompting-based methods offering a flexible and deployable means of capability enhancement. However, existing prompt engineering and multi-agent approaches often focus on optimizing single inferences, paying less attention to the accumulation of reusable experience from clinical practice, constraining their real-world applicability. To address this, this study proposes a novel Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis (MACD) framework, which allows LLMs to self-learn clinical knowledge via a multi-agent pipeline that summarizes, refines, and applies diagnostic insights, mirroring the professional development of human physicians. We further extend it to a MACD-human collaborative workflow, where multiple LLM-based diagnostician agents engage in iterative consultations, supported by a judge agent and human oversight for cases where agreement is not reached. The MIMIC-MACD cohort comprising 4,390 real-world patient cases across seven diseases is constructed, including 1,314 cases for knowledge learning and 3,076 held-out cases for evaluation. Across diverse open-weight LLMs, MACD significantly improves primary diagnostic accuracy, achieving an average improvement of 11.6 percentage points over established authoritative knowledge, while narrowing the performance gap between open-weight models and state-of-the-art LLMs. Furthermore, the MACD-human workflow yields an 18.3-percentage-point improvement over physician-only diagnosis on text-only vignettes, demonstrating the synergistic potential of human-AI collaboration. This work thus presents a scalable self-learning paradigm that bridges the gap between the intrinsic knowledge of LLMs and the demands of real-world clinical practice, advancing towards a reliable, interpretable, and deployable AI-assisted diagnosis.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2025

Accurate boundary bootstrap for the three-dimensional O($N$) normal universality class

The three-dimensional classical O($N$) model with a boundary has received renewed interest due to the discovery of the extraordinary-log boundary universality class for $2\leq N< N_c$. The critical value $N_c$ and the exponent of the boundary correlation function are related to certain amplitudes in the normal universality class. To determine their precise values, we revisit the 3d O($N$) boundary conformal field theory for $N=1, 2, 3, 4, 5$. After substantially improving the accuracy of the boundary bootstrap, our determinations are in excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo results, resolving the previous discrepancies due to low truncation orders. We also use the recent bulk bootstrap results to deduce highly accurate Ising data. Many bulk and boundary predictions are obtained for the first time. Our results demonstrate the great potential of the $\eta$ minimization method for many unexplored bootstrap problems in which positivity constraints are absent.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

New Measurements of the Deuteron to Proton F2 Structure Function Ratio

Nucleon structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have historically provided a critical observable in the study of partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, at very large parton momenta it is both experimentally and theoretically challenging to extract parton distributions due to the probable onset of non-perturbative contributions and the unavailability of high precision data at critical kinematics. Extraction of the neutron structure and the d-quark distribution have been further challenging due to the necessity of applying nuclear corrections when utilizing scattering data from a deuteron target to extract free neutron structure. However, a program of experiments has been carried out recently at the energy-upgraded Jefferson Lab electron accelerator aimed at significantly reducing the nuclear correction uncertainties on the d-quark distribution function at large partonic momentum. This allows leveraging the vast body of deuterium data covering a large kinematic range to be utilized for d-quark parton distribution function extraction. We present new data from experiment E12-10-002 carried out in Jefferson Lab Hall C on the deuteron to proton cross-section ratio at large BJorken-x. These results significantly improve the precision of existing data, and provide a first look at the expected impact on quark distributions extracted from global parton distribution function fits.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2025

Bootstrapping periodic quantum systems

Periodic structures are ubiquitous in quantum many-body systems and quantum field theories, ranging from lattice models, compact spaces, to topological phenomena. However, previous bootstrap studies encountered technical challenges even for one-body periodic problems, such as a failure in determining the accurate dispersion relations for Bloch bands. In this work, we develop a new bootstrap procedure to resolve these issues, which does not make use of positivity constraints. We mainly consider a quantum particle in a periodic cosine potential. The same procedure also applies to a particle on a circle, where the role of the Bloch momentum $k$ is played by the boundary condition or the $\theta$ angle. We unify the natural set of operators and the translation operator by a new set of operators $\{e^{inx} e^{iap} p^s\}$. To extract the Bloch momentum $k$, we further introduce a set of differential equations for $\langle{e^{inx} e^{iap} p^s}\rangle$ in the translation parameter $a$. At some fixed $a$, the boundary conditions can be determined accurately by analytic bootstrap techniques and matching conditions. After solving the differential equations, we impose certain reality conditions to determine the accurate dispersion relations, as well as the $k$ dependence of other physical quantities. We also investigate the case of noninteger $s$ using the Weyl integral in fractional calculus.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

Anomalous dimensions from conformal field theory: Generalized $ϕ^{2n+1}$ theories

We investigate $ϕ^{2n+1}$ deformations of the generalized free theory in the $ε$ expansion, where the canonical kinetic term is generalized to a higher-derivative version. For $n=1$, we use the conformal multiplet recombination method to determine the leading anomalous dimensions of the fundamental scalar operator $ϕ$ and the bilinear composite operators $\mathcal J$. Then we extend the $n=1$ analysis to the Potts model with $S_{N+1}$ symmetry and its higher-derivative generalization, in which $ϕ$ is promoted to an $N$-component field. We further examine the Chew-Frautschi plots and their $N$ dependence. However, for each integer $n>1$, the leading anomalous dimensions of $ϕ$ and $ \mathcal{J}$ are not fully determined and contain one unconstrained constant, which in the canonical cases can be fixed by the results from the traditional diagrammatic method. In all cases, we verify that the multiplet-recombination results are consistent with crossing symmetry using the analytic bootstrap methods.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

$ϕ^n$ trajectory bootstrap

We perform an extensive bootstrap study of Hermitian and non-Hermitian theories based on the novel analytic continuation of $\langleϕ^n\rangle$ or $\langle(iϕ)^n\rangle$ in $n$. We first use the quantum harmonic oscillator to illustrate various aspects of the $ϕ^n$ trajectory bootstrap method, such as the large $n$ expansion, matching conditions, exact quantization condition, and high energy asymptotic behavior. Then we derive highly accurate solutions for the anharmonic oscillators with the parity invariant potential $V(ϕ)=ϕ^2+ϕ^{m}$ and the $\mathcal{PT}$ invariant potential $V(ϕ)=-(iϕ)^{m}$ for a large range of integral $m$, showing the high efficiency and general applicability of this new bootstrap approach. For the Hermitian quartic and non-Hermitian cubic oscillators, we further verify that the non-integer $n$ results for $\langleϕ^n\rangle$ or $\langle(iϕ)^n\rangle$ are consistent with those from the wave function approach. In the $\mathcal{PT}$ invariant case, the existence of $\langle(iϕ)^n\rangle$ with non-integer $n$ allows us to bootstrap the non-Hermitian theories with non-integer powers, such as fractional and irrational $m$.

hep-th↗
arXiv2025

Analytic trajectory bootstrap for matrix models

We revisit the large $N$ two-matrix model with $\text{tr}[A,B]^2$ interaction and quartic potentials by the analytic trajectory bootstrap, where $A$ and $B$ represent the two matrices. In the large $N$ limit, we can focus on the single trace moments associated with the words composed of the letters $A$ and $B$. Analytic continuations in the lengths of the words and subwords lead to analytic trajectories of single trace moments and intriguing intersections of different trajectories. Inspired by the one-cut solutions of one-matrix models, we propose some simple ansatzes for the singularity structure of the two-matrix generating functions and the corresponding single trace moments. Together with the self-consistent constraints from the loop equations, we determine the free parameters in the ansatzes and obtain highly accurate solutions for the two-matrix model at a low computational cost. For a given length cutoff $L_\text{max}$, our results are within and more accurate than the positivity bounds from the relaxation method, such as about 6-digit accuracy for $L_\text{max}=18$. The convergence pattern suggests that we achieve about $8$-digit accuracy for $L_\text{max}=22$. As the singularity structure is closely related to the eigenvalue distributions, we further present the results for various types of eigenvalue densities. In the end, we study the symmetry breaking solutions using more complicated ansatzes.

hep-th↗
arXiv2024

Search for baryon junctions in e+A collisions at the Electron Ion Collider

Constituent quarks in a nucleon are the essential elements in the standard ``quark model" associated with the electric charge, spin, mass, and baryon number of a nucleon. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes nucleon as a composite object containing current quarks (valence quarks and sea (anti-)quarks) and gluons. These subatomic elements and their interactions are known to contribute in complex ways to the overall nucleon spin and mass. In the early development of QCD theory in the 1970s, an alternative hypothesis postulated that the baryon number might manifest itself through a non-perturbative configuration of gluon fields forming a Y-shaped topology known as the gluon junction. In this work, we propose to test such hypothesis by measuring (i) the Regge intercept of the net-baryon distributions for $e$+($p$)Au collisions, (ii) baryon and charge transport in the isobaric ratio between $e$+Ru and $e$+Zr collisions, and (iii) target flavor dependence of proton and antiproton yields at large rapidity, transported from the hydrogen and deuterium targets in $e+p$(d) collisions. Our study indicates that these measurements at the EIC can help determine what carries the baryon number.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Centrality definition in e+A collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider

In this work, we investigate the feasibility of defining centrality in electron-ion collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) by examining the correlation between the impact parameter and several observables, including total energy, total transverse momentum, and total number of particles. Using the BeAGLE Monte Carlo generator, we simulate e+Au and e+Ru collisions at different energies and analyze the correlation between the impact parameter and these observables across different kinematic regions. Our findings indicate that the correlation is weak in the central rapidity region but becomes stronger in the forward and far-forward rapidity regions. However, the correlation is not sufficiently robust to allow for precise centrality determination. We conclude that defining centrality in electron-ion collisions is more challenging than in ion-ion collisions, necessitating further studies to develop a robust centrality definition for the EIC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

A study of nuclear structure of light nuclei at the Electron-Ion Collider

Understanding the substructure of atomic nuclei, particularly the clustering of nucleons inside them, is essential for comprehending nuclear dynamics. Various cluster configurations can emerge depending on excitation energy, the number and types of core clusters, and the presence of excess neutrons. Despite the prevalence of tightly bound cluster formations in low-lying states, understanding the correlation between clusters and their formation mechanisms remains incomplete. This exploring study investigates nuclear clustering at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) using simulations based on the modified BeAGLE model. By simulating collisions involving $e$+$^{9}$Be, $e$+$^{12}$C, and $e$+$^{16}$O nuclei, we find that the average energy of particles $\langle E \rangle$ and the system size ratios of particles at forward rapidity exhibit sensitivity to alpha clustering and its various configurations. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of nuclear clustering and its implications for future studies at the EIC.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2024

Easy bootstrap for the 3D Ising model: a hybrid approach of the lightcone bootstrap and error minimization methods

As a simple lattice model that exhibits a phase transition, the Ising model plays a fundamental role in statistical and condensed matter physics. The Ising transition is realized by physical systems, such as the liquid-vapor transition. Its continuum limit also furnishes a basic example of interacting quantum field theories and universality classes. Motivated by a recent hybrid bootstrap study of the quantum quartic oscillator, we revisit the conformal bootstrap approach to the 3D Ising model at criticality, without resorting to positivity constraints. We use at most 10 nonperturbative crossing constraints at low derivatives from the Taylor expansion around a crossing symmetric point. The high-lying contributions are approximated by simple analytic formulae deduced from the lightcone singularity structure. Surprisingly, the low-lying properties are determined to good accuracy by this computationally very cheap approach. For instance, the results for the two relevant scaling dimensions $(Δ_σ,Δ_ε)\approx (0.518153,1.41278)$ are close to the most precise rigorous bounds obtained at a much higher computational cost.

hep-th↗
arXiv2024

Magnetic ordering phase transition and abnormal brittleness in dilute Fe-Mn solid solution

Experiments showed that solute Mn in bcc iron is in antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling with iron neighbours below 2 at.% Mn, but is in ferromagnetic (FM) coupling at higher concentrations. Surprisingly, although Mn is an important alloying element in high-strength steels, it induces brittleness just at around 2 at.% Mn and higher concentrations. However, the mechanisms for the magnetic ordering phase transition and the abnormal brittleness remain unclear. Based on magnetism-constrained/unconstrained calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations within density functional theory, we show that while the AFM phase prevails at low Mn contents, the FM phase becomes dominant at 1.85 at.% Mn and elevated temperatures. Our results suggest that the AFM-FM phase transition with increasing Mn concentration can be ascribed to the thermal effect. Furthermore, we find that the brittleness of the Fe-Mn alloys at intermediate Mn content might be related to the stress variations within the grains accompanying the local magnetic ordering changes.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗