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Xiangyu Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to Xiangyu Jiang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

TOUR: A Trajectory-Level Unlearning Benchmark for Offline Reinforcement Learning

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are trained on fixed behavioral trajectories, which makes trajectory-level deletion important when selected data must be removed after training. Evaluating such deletion is difficult because a lower membership score can reflect trajectory removal, residual memorization visible to another attack, or policy collapse that destroys useful behavior. We introduce Trajectory-level memOrization and Unlearning in offline RL (TOUR), a benchmark that combines trajectory-level partitioning, matched non-member controls, retraining references, retained-performance anchors, and multi-attack privacy auditing. Across D4RL locomotion experiments and an exploratory AntMaze extension, TOUR shows that common deletion baselines have environment-dependent privacy-utility behavior. Retraining and fine-tuning often provide stronger retained-utility references than uniform GA+Refit, while TrajDeleter remains a useful comparator but is not uniformly stronger under the same audit. Reference-model, threshold, deviation, equivalence, action-error, representation-based, and query-limited attacks further show that a single likelihood-based membership score can overstate deletion quality. In the evaluated settings, conclusions about offline RL unlearning are therefore not stable under single-score auditing. They depend on matched non-member construction, retraining-relative calibration, attack family, retained utility, and explicit scope for diagnostic architecture or component-level evidence.

cs.LG

LQCDMaster: Agentic Scientific Computing for Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Research

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) provides a first-principles framework for computing hadronic observables, but its practical use remains limited by the substantial expertise required to turn research motivation into reliable computing workflows. Here we present \textsc{LQCDMaster}, a tool-augmented, skill-guided and domain-specialized scientific computing agent that converts natural-language LQCD research tasks into executable PyQUDA computing workflows, including measurement scripts, job-submission artifacts, execution logs and numerical outputs. The system combines agentic planning, expert-annotated LQCD skills and a deterministic Wick-contraction tool to constrain the algebraically fragile components of code generation. We evaluate \textsc{LQCDMaster} on a benchmark at the forefront of scientific research, comprising 70 LQCD computing tasks, with observables covering local and nonlocal two-point functions, Wilson loops, meson and baryon three-point functions. The generated workflows exactly reproduce expert-written implementations in 63 of 70 tasks at machine precision, with three additional discrepancies attributable to convention mismatches. Across representative observables, the agent reduces implementation time from hours to minutes while preserving end-to-end numerical validation. Further, we present a typical case of \textsc{LQCDMaster}-driven exploration: a lattice computation of light-cone distribution amplitudes with diagonal Wilson-line, a quantity accessible with standard methods but never before computed, and computation of the spectrum of proton, deuteron, triton, hyperon, hyperdeuteron and hypertriton. This work pioneers the paradigm of agentic scientific computing by automating the end-to-end scientific computing workflows in lattice QCD research, lowering its barrier and facilitating the exploration and verification of non-standard scientific ideas.

hep-lat

In-Situ Polarimetry in Collimated Magneto-Infrared Spectroscopy System

Magneto-infrared spectroscopy under strong magnetic fields provides a powerful probe of Landau quantization and field-induced collective excitations, yet its full potential has long been constrained by the lack of in-situ polarization control, because the highly divergent infrared beam propagating through narrow light tubes undergoes multiple wall reflections, leading to severe polarization degradation. Here we report a collimated magneto-infrared spectroscopy system that integrates continuous in-situ polarimetry. The system employs incident and exit collimation chambers forming a Kepler type optical architecture, which converts the large-aperture FTIR output into a low-divergence beam and strongly suppresses multi-reflection trajectories inside long gold-plated light tubes, thereby enhancing both optical throughput and polarization fidelity. A remotely controlled polarization module, consisting of an automated linear polarizer and a switchable Fresnel rhomb positioned entirely outside the high-field region, enables continuous in-situ tuning between linear, circular, and arbitrary elliptical polarization states without thermal cycling, manual realignment, or breaking vacuum. Interchangeable compact focusing modules further support Faraday and Voigt geometries in both transmission and reflection experiments within a 50 mm magnet bore, providing efficient beam focusing and signal collection while maintaining polarization fidelity. The setup achieves a minimum root-mean-square noise of 0.0033%, an average noise of 0.0082%, and a linear polarization extinction ratio up to 40:1. We demonstrate the capability through continuous in-situ linear polarimetry and broadband circular polarimetry in the magneto-infrared spectroscopy of various single crystals. This platform establishes a robust experimental framework for in-situ polarization-resolved magneto-infrared spectroscopy.

physics.ins-det

Baryon Light-Cone Distribution Amplitudes from Lattice QCD: Formalism, Renormalization, Extrapolation, and Matching

Baryon light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) are inherently multidimensional objects parametrized by two independent longitudinal momentum fractions, making their first-principles determination substantially more challenging than that of meson LCDAs. We present a systematic large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) framework for determining baryon leading-twist LCDAs from lattice QCD. The framework covers the complete path from equal-time three-quark quasi-distribution amplitudes to physical baryon LCDAs. We formulate the leading-twist $V$, $A$, and $T$ quasi-DAs and analyze their spin-flavor and coordinate-space symmetries, including antisymmetric amplitudes with vanishing local limits. We develop a hybrid renormalization prescription on the $(z_1,z_2)$ plane, introduce a newly developed large-$\lambda$ extrapolation strategy based on the asymptotic large-distance behavior of Euclidean correlators, and derive the corresponding one-loop LaMET matching relation in the hybrid renormalization scheme. As a demonstration, we apply the complete analysis pipeline to the $\Lambda$-baryon $A$-structure quasi-DAs using seven $2+1$--flavor lattice ensembles, and use this amplitude to examine the impact of large-distance extrapolation, perturbative matching, and extrapolation to the continuum, physical-pion-mass, and infinite-momentum limits, together with the associated systematic uncertainties. This work provides the formalism, renormalization, extrapolation, and matching infrastructure for first-principles determinations of $x$-dependent baryon LCDAs.

hep-lat

Complete Access to Leading-Twist $\Lambda$-Baryon Light-Cone Distribution Amplitudes from Lattice QCD

We report the first complete lattice-QCD determination of the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) of the $\Lambda$ baryon, obtained as full two-dimensional functions of the valence-quark momentum fractions. The calculation employs large-momentum effective theory to relate the light-cone amplitudes to equal-time nonlocal three-quark matrix elements of boosted $\Lambda$ baryons. Controlled physical extrapolations to the continuum, physical pion mass, and infinite momentum, together with hybrid renormalization, large-$\lambda$ extrapolation, and perturbative matching, yield the three leading-twist LCDAs $V$, $A$, and $T$. Using the lattice-determined LCDAs in place of the asymptotic form, we find an $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$ shift in the $\Lambda$ electromagnetic form factor at perturbative scales, demonstrating that the full two-dimensional LCDAs, rather than only their asymptotic shapes or lowest moments, are required for precision baryonic phenomenology. This work, together with the companion paper [1] detailing the baryon-LaMET framework, provides the first complete multi-dimensional $x$-dependent baryon LCDAs from first principles and establishes a benchmark for lattice access to multi-dimensional baryon structure.

hep-lat

Giant and Broadband Circular Dichroism from Particle-Hole Symmetry Breaking in Weyl Semimetals

Circular dichroism originates from symmetry breaking of material structure, leading to differential absorption of left- and right-circularly polarized light. However, circular dichroism in most materials is inherently weak and spectrally narrow, especially in the mid-to-far infrared. Here, we uncover giant infrared circular dichroism in the magnetic-field-forced Weyl semimetal Mn(Bi,Sb)2Te4, driven by extreme particle-hole symmetry breaking. Helicity-resolved magneto-infrared spectroscopy reveals circular dichroism exceeding 3000 mdeg (~130 mdeg/nm) with above-degree response extending over the 6-13 {\mu}m spectral range. The optical resonances are enhanced by a strong band nesting effect intrinsic to the Landau levels of type-II Weyl dispersion. A symmetry-based kp model reproduces these magneto-infrared responses and demonstrates that magnetization-induced asymmetric spin-orbit coupling generates particle-hole symmetry breaking, suppressing spin-up, parity-even wavefunction components in the valence Landau band and thereby producing pronounced optical helicity selectivity. Our findings establish particle-hole symmetry breaking as an effective route toward helicity-resolved optical control in quantum materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Continuum-Limit HQET LCDAs from Lattice QCD for Tightening B Decay Uncertainties

Heavy meson HQET light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) are critical for precision predictions of $B$ meson weak decays, but currently are one of dominant theoretical uncertainties that obscure interpretations of $B$ anomalies and CP-violating measurements. Building on the established HQLaMET framework, supplemented by lattice QCD calculations of the OPE moments, we present a precise lattice QCD calculation of HQET LCDAs by employing multi-ensemble simulations for continuum and physical pion mass extrapolation, quantifying comprehensive systematic errors, and validating results through OPE moment cross-validation. Details of the lattice calculations are provided in a companion paper \cite{HeavymesonDA_long_paper}. Our final results for key inverse moments (at $\mu=1$ GeV) are $\lambda_B=0.340(20)$ GeV and $\sigma_B^{(1)}=1.685(63)$, with the total uncertainty reduced by a factor of three relative to the previous analysis. These results can greatly reduce the uncertainty in the $B \to K^*$ form factors in the large-recoil region. This work resolves the long-standing bottleneck in first-principles predictions of heavy meson LCDAs, advancing precision flavor physics to new frontiers.

hep-lat

Determination of heavy meson light-cone distribution amplitudes: theoretical framework and lattice simulations

We present a first-principles determination of heavy meson light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) from lattice QCD in the continuum limit, improving substantially on our previous pioneering study. Within the heavy-quark large-momentum effective theory (HQLaMET) framework, supplemented by lattice QCD calculations of the OPE moments, we analyze six ensembles with lattice spacings ranging from $a=0.0519-0.1053$\,fm and pion masses from $m_\pi=135.5-317.2$\,MeV, thereby enabling controlled continuum, chiral, and infinite-momentum extrapolations to the physical point. Momentum-smeared sources, hypercubic-smeared Wilson lines, and optimized interpolating operators are adopted to significantly improved signals for the nonlocal correlators. Within a unified framework, we determine both QCD LCDAs and HQET LCDAs. Our resulting QCD LCDAs of $D$ meson peak at $y\approx 0.2-0.3$, with total uncertainties below $30\%$ for $0.1<y<0.9$. The leading-twist HQET LCDA is constructed using a peak-and-tail factorization, in which the nonperturbative peak region is obtained from lattice QCD and the perturbative tail is incorporated from HQET, with the two regions combined through a model-independent Laguerre-polynomial parametrization. At $\mu=1$\,GeV, we obtain the inverse moment of HQET LCDA $\lambda_B=0.340(20)$\,GeV and first inverse-logarithmic moment $\sigma_B^{(1)}=1.685(63)$, consistent with experimental constraints and phenomenological determinations. Direct lattice calculations based on operator product expansion provide a nontrivial cross-check of the LaMET results. Final results and phenomenological impact of these results are presented in a companion paper~\cite{HeavymesonDA_short_paper}. Our results remove the single-lattice-spacing limitation of the previous study, and provide a robust determinations of heavy meson LCDAs in both QCD and HQET for next-generation heavy flavor physics.

hep-lat

Impact of Dynamical Charm Quark and Mixed Action Effect on Light Hadron Masses and Decay Constants

We investigate the impact of including a dynamical charm quark on the properties of light hadrons. Our study compares the calculations performed on 2+1+1 flavor (HISQ fermion) ensembles at four lattice spacings to those on 2+1 flavor (clover fermion) ensembles at six lattice spacings, with both sets of ensembles employing the identical Symanzik gauge action. For the light, strange and charm flavor observables, we employ the same tadpole-improved clover fermion action. From numerical results for light and strange quark masses, pion and kaon decay constants, and $\Omega$ and $\Omega_{ccc}$ baryon masses, we find that the values obtained after continuum, chiral, and infinite-volume extrapolations are consistent within uncertainties. Even though the mixed action setup can introduce additional discretization effects, our calculation shows evidences that those effects can cancel with the discretization error in the unitary setup, resulting in better convergence in the continuum extrapolation.

hep-lat

Accurate B meson and Bottomonium masses and decay constants from the tadpole improved clover ensembles

We present a determination of the bottom quark mass, the masses of S-wave bottom mesons, and their decay constants using an anisotropic clover fermion discretization for the heavy quark, on $2+1$ flavor isotropic QCD ensembles. Our analysis is based on 16 ensembles spanning 6 lattice spacings, with pion masses in the range of 135-350 MeV and several values of the strange quark mass. We demonstrate that the effective anisotropy parameter for the heavy quark approaches unity with controllable $\mathcal{O}(a^2)$ corrections. A non-perturbative renormalization procedure is developed and validated through predictions of the bottom quark mass and decay constants. This framework enables calculations at the physical $b$-quark mass even on lattices with spacing $a \sim 0.1$ fm, where $m_b a \sim 2.5$, while keeping discretization errors in hadronic matrix elements at the $\sim 10$% level which can be eliminated properly through the continuum extrapolation. Using the physical $\Upsilon$ mass as input, we obtain $m_b^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(m_b) = 4.185(37)$ GeV and the full spectrum of S-wave bottom mesons with 0.1% uncertainty or less. Pseudoscalar and vector decay constants and their ratios for all kinds of S-wave bottom mesons are also provided.

hep-lat

Defect Engineering for Stabilizing Magnetic and Topological Properties in Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4

MnBi2Te4 is a versatile platform for exploring diverse topological quantum states, yet its potential is hampered by intrinsic antisite defects. While Sb substitution has been employed to tune the Fermi level towards the charge neutral point, it exacerbates the formation of Mn-Sb antisite defects. Here, we address this challenge by combining first-principles calculations with strategic synthesis to systematically investigate and control antisite defects in Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4. Our calculations reveal that increasing antisite defect density progressively destroys the field-forced magnetic Weyl state, eventually driving the system into a trivial magnetic insulator. Motivated by these findings, we develop an optimized chemical vapor transport method, yielding high-quality Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4 crystals with significantly reduced antisite defect density. The emergence of strong Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the forced ferromagnetic state and a pronounced anomalous Hall effect near charge neutrality, with opposite signs for n- and p-type samples, confirms the type-II Weyl semimetal nature. These findings underscore the critical role of antisite defects in determining the magnetic and topological properties of Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4 and establish defect engineering via optimized synthesis as a crucial strategy for realizing its exotic magnetic topological states.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Comparison of the mixed-fermion-action Effects using different fermion and gauge actions with 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavors

The leading-order low-energy constant $\Delta_{\rm mix}$ in mixed-action chiral perturbation theory is calculated using $2+1+1$-flavor gauge ensembles with HISQ fermions and a tadpole-improved Symanzik gauge action at four lattice spacings $a \in [0.048, 0.111]$ fm. By comparing our results to those from different actions and a $2+1$-flavor case, We find that the fermion action has the dominant impact, the gauge action has a secondary but measurable effect, and the contribution from charm quark loops is negligible within our current uncertainties.

hep-lat

Isotropic Dirac fermion and anomalous oscillator strength of zeroth Landau level transition

Dirac fermions, characterized by their linear dispersion and relativistic nature, have emerged as a prominent class of quasiparticles in condensed matter physics. While the Dirac equation, initially developed in the context of high-energy physics, provides a remarkable framework for describing the electronic properties of these materials, the inherent symmetry constraints of condensed matter often lead to deviations from the idealized paradigm. In particular, three-dimensional Dirac fermions in solids often exhibit anisotropic behavior, challenging the notion of perfect symmetry inherent in the Dirac equation. Here, we report the observation of isotropic massive Dirac fermions in LaAlSi through Landau level spectroscopy. The presence of three-dimensional massive Dirac fermions across the Fermi energy is demonstrated by quantized and semiclassical analyses of the magnetic field evolution of Landau level transitions. The isotropic topological nature, Fermi velocity, and Dirac mass are evidenced by the identical magneto-infrared response among the Faraday and three Voigt geometries. Furthermore, we observe an unusually large oscillator strength in the zeroth Landau level transition of the Dirac fermion, compared to transitions with higher indices. This phenomenon, supported by model calculations, can be attributed to the combined effects of the partial excitation of Dirac fermion and the resonant dielectric coupling with the Weyl plasma. Our work provides a strategy for realizing ideal quasiparticle excitations and their coupling effects in condensed matter systems, offering a platform for exploring relativistic physics.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A High-Flux and High-Efficiency Setup for Magneto-Infrared Spectroscopy

We report the design and implementation of a high-flux, high-efficiency magneto-infrared spectroscopy system optimized for broadband measurements in high magnetic fields. The setup integrates a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a 12 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet, precision-polished and gold-plated light tubes, custom-designed reflective focusing modules for Faraday and Voigt geometries, and an external multi-detector chamber with motorized selection. Optical throughput is maximized by reducing light tube loss from 65.5%/m to 22.0%/m via abrasive flow and mechanical polishing followed by gold electroplating, and by adopting a single-on-axis parabolic-mirror Faraday module that increases the effective numerical aperture from 0.14 to 0.36, enhancing collection efficiency by nearly an order of magnitude. An eight-position motorized sample stage and fully automated control over magnetic field, temperature, optical path, and detector choice enable high-throughput measurements without repeated warm-ups. The optimized configuration achieves a root-mean-square noise level of 0.0061% in a 2-minute integration for a 40% reflectivity sample, corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 16000. System capabilities are demonstrated by resolving weak replica bands in EuCd2As2 and faint Landau level transitions in LaAlSi.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Lattice QCD Determination of the Collins-Soper Kernel in the Continuum and Physical Mass Limits

The Collins-Soper (CS) kernel governs the rapidity evolution of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distributions, a cornerstone for QCD factorization and linking nucleon structure data across scales. Its nonperturbative behavior at large transverse separations ($b_{\perp}$) remains weakly constrained due to phenomenological model dependencies. We present a first-principles determination of the CS kernel at the continuum limit and physical pion mass from lattice QCD in the large-momentum effective theory framework. Using (2+1)-flavor configurations (lattice spacings $a \in[0.052, 0.105]$ fm, and pion mass $m_{\pi} \approx ( 136, 230, 300, 320)$ MeV), we simulating the nonlocal equal-time correlation function and extract the quasi-TMD wave functions. Taking into account systematic improvements including hypercubic smearing, nonperturbative renormalization, and a $b_{\perp}$-unexpanded matching kernel, we obtain the CS kernel at the continuum, chiral, and infinite-momentum limits. Our results are determined up to $b_{\perp} \sim 1$ fm, with controllable uncertainties, and agree with perturbative QCD at small $b_{\perp}$ and global TMD phenomenological extractions. We conduct a global analysis integrated with phenomenological fits and demonstrate the impact of our results on such fits. This work yields the most precise nonperturbative constraint on the CS kernel's long-distance behavior from Lattice QCD, which not only bridges Lattice QCD, perturbation theory, and nucleon structure experiments for TMD studies, but also boosts the utility of our constraint for future global TMD analyses.

hep-lat

Hybrid renormalization for distribution amplitude of a light baryon in large momentum effective theory

Lightcone distribution amplitudes for a light baryon can be extracted through the simulation of the quasi-distribution amplitudes (quasi-DAs) on the lattice. We implement the hybrid renormalization for the quasi DAs of light baryons. Lattice simulations are performed using $N_f = 2+1$ stout-smeared clover fermions and a tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action, with three lattice spacings of ${0.105, 0.077, 0.052}$ fm. By analyzing zero-momentum matrix elements for different lattice spacings, we extract the linear divergence associated with the Wilson-line self-energy. Matching to perturbative matrix elements in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme yields the residual self-renormalization factors. Using these factors, we renormalize the quasi-DAs within the hybrid scheme, which combines self-renormalization at large separations and the ratio scheme at short distances. The renormalized results demonstrate effective cancellation of linear divergences and yield smooth, continuum-like coordinate-space distributions suitable for subsequent Fourier transformation and perturbative matching. These results establish the viability of both self and hybrid renormalization frameworks for light baryon quasi-DAs, providing a robust foundation for LaMET-based determinations of light-cone distribution amplitudes.

hep-lat

Precision determination of nucleon iso-vector scalar and tensor charges at the physical point

We report a high precision calculation of the isospin vector charge $g_{S,T}$ of the nucleon using recently proposed ``blending" method which provides a high-precision stochastic estimate of the all-to-all fermion propagator. Through multiplying the current operator by the traditional nucleon interpolator, we create a new operator that captures the major excited state contaminations. The linear combination of this new operator and traditional nucleon interpolator reduces these excited states and improves the robustness of the multi-state fit. Using 15 $N_f=2+1$ lattice ensembles which cover 5 lattice spacing, 5 combinations with the same quark masses and lattice spacing but multiple volumes, including three at the physical pion mass, we report so far most precise lattice QCD prediction $g_T^{\rm QCD} = 1.0264[77]_{\rm tot}(53)_{\rm stat} (13)_{a} (46)_{\rm FV} (01)_\chi (28)_{\rm ex} (04)_{\rm re}$ and $g_S^{\rm QCD} = 1.106[43]_{\rm tot}(31)_{\rm stat} (03)_{a} (28)_{\rm FV} (01)_\chi (08)_{\rm ex} (08)_{\rm re}$ at $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ 2~GeV, with the systematic uncertainties from continuum, infinite volume, chiral extrapolations, excited state contamination and also renormalization.

hep-lat

Portraits of Charmoniumlike States

The charm quark density-density correlation is calculated for $1S$ and $1P$ conventional charmonia and $J^{PC}=1^{-+},0^{+-}$ charmoniumlike states from lattice QCD and are interpreted as spatial wave functions of these states with some approximations. The angular distributions of $c\bar{c}$ in conventional charmonia are found to be in accordance with the expectation of two-body systems, while that of the $1^{-+}$ state exhibits an $S$-wave feature. However, the $c\bar{c}$ radial distributions turn out to be strikingly different from the non-relativistic quark model and can be understood by the Dirac theory of two-body bound states. These results provide the first gauge invariant and model-independent three-dimensional portraits of charmonium(like) states.

hep-ph