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Xiaoming Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Xiaoming Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

MT-WAM: Reorienting the One-Pass Predictive Representation Toward Action Generation

Fast-WAM shows that video-action co-training improves control without generating future video at inference, making the representation from a single video diffusion Transformer forward central to action generation. However, future-observation prediction does not explicitly prioritize the future dynamics and visual structure needed for control. We present MT-WAM, which retains the original training objectives and adds complementary supervision for future two-dimensional point trajectories and visual features. A lightweight dual-stream branch copied from the video backbone's final blocks provides target-specific processing, while a structured attention mask prevents cross-stream attention. Motion-stream tokens supply additional dynamics conditions to the action expert. Future visual-feature prediction provides supervision in a feature space that captures object and spatial structure. This supervision trains the video backbone to provide more informative visual context for action generation under changing visual conditions, without adding visual-feature-stream tokens to action conditioning. At inference, MT-WAM uses video and motion caches computed once per replan and skips future-video prediction. Without additional embodied policy pretraining, MT-WAM achieves 98.2% success on LIBERO and 73.7% on LIBERO-Plus, exceeding Fast-WAM by 23.8 percentage points on the latter. On RoboTwin 2.0 Clean2Rand, Random success increases from 6.30% to 19.40%; across four real-world tasks, average success increases from 67.0% to 77.8%.

cs.CV

An Efficient IMEX-SDIRK2 mr-ccSAV Scheme for the Forced Navier--Stokes Equations with Uniform-in-Time Enstrophy Bounds

We propose and analyze an IMEX-SDIRK2 mean-reverting concurrent-correction scalar auxiliary variable (mr-ccSAV) method for the forced two-dimensional periodic Navier--Stokes equations in vorticity form. The viscous term is treated by Alexander's SDIRK2 method and advection explicitly. Each stage requires two elliptic solves with the same shifted Laplacian and the solution of either a cubic or a linear scalar algebraic equation. For initial vorticity in $\dot L^s(Ω)$, $s>2$, a stage solution exists for every positive time step; uniqueness is established separately under an explicit small-step condition. The principal result is a direct, unconditional uniform-in-time enstrophy bound for arbitrary positive time steps. For persistently bounded forcing, this estimate is absorbing: the influence of the initial data decays, and the forcing contribution does not accumulate in time. Under additional regularity, uniformly bounded step sizes, and bounded neighboring step ratios, we also establish uniform-in-time $H^1$ and $H^2$ vorticity bounds without a small-step condition. For smooth solutions, the method converges optimally at second order. Numerical experiments confirm its accuracy, long-time robustness, and effectiveness of a companion embedded time-step selector.

math.NA

Reliability-Constrained Hybrid Beamforming for Multistatic ISAC in Vehicular Networks

This letter investigates reliability constrained hybrid beamforming for transceiver separated multistatic integrated sensing and communication in vehicular networks. A target position Cramer Rao bound minimization problem is formulated under outage probability, transmit-power, and analog constant modulus constraints. To handle the constrained non convex problem, we develop a proportional-integral Lagrangian proximal policy optimization algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm keeps the average outage probability at or below the reliability threshold, around 8%-10%, improves constraint satisfaction, and achieves stable sensing performance.

eess.SY

A highly efficient second-order long-time-dynamics-preserving scheme for geophysical fluid models

We develop and analyze a highly efficient, second-order time-marching scheme for infinite-dimensional nonlinear geophysical fluid models, designed to accurately approximate invariant measures-that is, the stationary statistical properties (or climate) of the underlying dynamical system. Beyond second-order accuracy in time, the scheme is particularly well suited for long-time simulations due to two key features: it requires solving only a fixed symmetric positive-definite linear system with constant coefficients at each step; and it guarantees long-time stability, producing uniformly bounded solutions in time for any bounded external forcing, regardless of initial data. For prototypical models such as the barotropic quasi-geostrophic equation, the method preserves dissipativity, ensuring that numerical solutions remain bounded in a function space compactly embedded in the phase space as time tends to infinity. Leveraging this property, we rigorously prove convergence of both global attractors and invariant measures of the discrete system to those of the continuous model in the vanishing time-step limit. A central innovation of the method is a mean-reverting scalar auxiliary variable (mr-SAV) formulation, which preserves the dissipative structure of externally forced systems within an appropriate phase space. For the infinite-dimensional models considered, we additionally employ fractional-order function spaces to establish compactness of numerical solutions in topologies compatible with the phase space.

math.NA

A Linear Variable-Step Embedded ETD Scheme with Uniform-in-Time Stability for the 2D Navier--Stokes Equations

We propose a linear variable-step exponential time-differencing method for the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in vorticity--streamfunction formulation on a two-dimensional periodic box. The method consists of a second-order scheme and an embedded first-order variant, yielding a natural mechanism for adaptive time stepping and a posteriori error control. Each time step requires only uniquely solvable linear problems: two heat equation solves, efficiently handled by Fourier methods in the periodic setting, and one linear scalar auxiliary-variable equation, evaluated via Laplace transform and Talbot's numerical inverse transform. The construction combines the ETD framework, a mean-reverting scalar auxiliary variable (mr-SAV), and second-order extrapolation of the nonlinear term. The mean-reverting correction enables long-time stability while preserving full linearity, distinguishing the method from related mr-SAV schemes that require nonlinear algebraic solves. We prove unconditional long-time stability: for uniformly bounded $L^2$ forcing, the discrete vorticity remains bounded in $L^\infty(0,\infty;L^2)$ for all Reynolds numbers and time-step sizes. Numerical experiments

math.NA

Unconditionally Long-Time Stable Variable-Step Second-Order ETD Schemes for the 2D Periodic Incompressible NSE

We develop an efficient, unconditionally stable, variable step second order exponential time differencing scheme for the incompressible Navier Stokes equations in two and three spatial dimensions under periodic boundary conditions, together with an embedded adaptive time stepping variant. The scheme is unconditionally uniform in time stable in the sense that the numerical solution admits a time uniform bound in Linfinity over time with values in L2 to the power d whenever the external forcing term is uniformly bounded in time in L2, for all Reynolds numbers and for arbitrary choices of time step sizes. At each time step, the method requires the solution of two time dependent Stokes problems, which can be evaluated explicitly in the periodic setting using Fourier techniques, along with the solution of a single scalar cubic algebraic equation. Beyond the standard exponential time differencing framework, the proposed scheme incorporates two recently developed ingredients. The first is a dynamic second order scalar auxiliary variable correction, which is essential for achieving second order temporal accuracy. The second is a mean reverting scalar auxiliary variable multistep formulation, which plays a central role in ensuring long time stability. The proposed methods overcome key limitations of existing approaches for the Navier Stokes equations. Classical Runge Kutta schemes generally lack provable long time stability, while IMEX and scalar auxiliary variable based BDF methods typically do not admit unconditional stability guarantees in the variable step setting. Numerical experiments in two spatial dimensions confirm second order temporal accuracy, uniform long time stability, and effective error control provided by the adaptive strategy. Rigorous convergence analysis and a systematic investigation of long time statistical properties will be pursued in future work.

math.NA

LEO-NA Walker Constellation Design with Bi-objective Optimisation Approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation design for navigation augmentation (NA) has attracted increasing attention in navigation satellite system studies, yet balancing navigation performance and deployment cost remains a fundamental challenge. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bi-objective optimization framework for LEO Walker constellation design. The problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization model with constellation cost and positioning accuracy as objectives. In the formulation, PDOP tail risk and satellite visibility are incorporated into the objective formulation to better characterize navigation performance. The Pareto-optimal solution set isobtained using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Simulation results show that, under the same satellite deployment cost, the proposed LEO-NA Walker constellation improves the average number of visible satellites by 42.5% and 24.4%, and reduces the mean PDOP by 18.9% and 10.5% compared with representative Polar and optimized-LFC constellations, respectively, thereby enhancing service continuity and resource utilization efficiency. These results provide useful guidance for the design and deployment of LEO-NA constellations.

eess.SY

Unleashing Vision Transformer Potential In Image Quality Assessment via Global-Local Adaptive Interaction

In the field of Blind Image Quality Assessment (BIQA), accurately predicting the perceptual quality of authentically distorted images remains highly challenging due to the diverse and complex distortions present in natural environments. Although existing methods have achieved notable accuracy, their scalability is often constrained by the high cost of subjective annotation and the limited size of available datasets. Recent advances in large-scale pre-trained vision models have introduced powerful semantic and representational capabilities, yet their application to IQA tasks is hindered by substantial computational demands and suboptimal fine-tuning efficiency. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the Global-Local Interaction Adapter (GLIA), a novel framework that effectively harnesses pre-trained Vision Transformers through a dual-stream feature extraction mechanism coupled with interactive global-local fusion. By jointly retaining global semantic information and fine-grained local details, our approach delivers superior prediction accuracy and robustness while requiring significantly fewer trainable parameters. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks validate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.

cs.CV

Long-time stability of implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for two-dimensional incompressible flows

High-order adaptive time-stepping algorithms are of significant practical value and theoretical interest for accelerating long-time fluid-flow simulations and resolving complex dynamical behaviors. While several high-order implicit-explicit schemes have been proposed in the literature, their long-time stability properties remain largely unexplored. We develop a family of long-time stable implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta (IERK) methods, up to fourth-order temporal accuracy, for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity-stream function formulation. By combining a convolution-type Hölder inequality with a damping-type multistage Grönwall inequality, we establish a unified analytical framework that proves long-time stability in both the $L^2$ and $H^1$ norms. A key component of the analysis is a mathematical-induction argument that ensures stage-wise boundedness of the vorticity in the $H^δ$ norm for some $δ>0$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to establish large-time stability results for high-order IERK algorithms for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our IERK schemes employ stiffly accurate diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta approximations for the linear diffusive term together with explicit Runge-Kutta approximations for the nonlinear advection term. By exploiting the specific structure of the Navier-Stokes model, we derive a reduced set of order conditions-requiring only 5 and 11 conditions for the third- and fourth-order methods, respectively, in contrast to the classical 6 and 18-allowing the construction of a parameterized family of efficient schemes. These IERK methods are particularly well suited for adaptive time-stepping, as they permit significantly enlarged step sizes in actual computations.

math.NA

Fed-DLoRA: Efficient Wireless Federated Learning with Dynamic Low-Rank Adaptation

Federated learning (FL) offers a promising distributed learning paradigm for internet of vehicles (IoV) applications. However, it faces challenges from communication overhead and dynamic environments. Model compression techniques reduce computing and communication burden yet create trade-offs between compression ratios and vehicle participation strategies. In this paper, we propose a lightweight FL algorithm named federated learning with dynamic low-rank adaptation (Fed-DLoRA), which is combined with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) to effectively reduce parameters and communication costs while enhancing training efficiency. The convergence analysis of Fed-DLoRA is conducted through stochastic gradient descent optimization coupled with singular value decomposition. This analysis establishes the theoretical relationships among LoRA rank, vehicular scheduling strategies and the model's convergence characteristics. Building on these insights, we formulate a joint optimization problem aimed at maximizing system performance. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive rank, bandwidth and vehicle selection (ARBVS) algorithm that integrates enumeration with greedy optimization strategies. The algorithm provides efficient rank selection and resource scheduling strategies for each FL communication round, thereby achieving effective performance improvements for the FL system. Experimental results demonstrate that Fed-DLoRA achieves superior performance compared to conventional federated learning approaches, exhibiting enhanced accuracy, faster convergence, and improved communication efficiency.

cs.LG

\textit{Ab initio} \textit{GW}-BSE theory of optical activity in $α$-quartz

We present an ab initio many-body theory of optical activity in solids within the GW-BSE framework. Dielectric spatial dispersion is formulated in two complementary forms: exciton envelope modulation and sum-over-exciton-states expansion. Our application to $α$-quartz reveals that the envelope-modulated formulation captures the low-frequency region, whereas the sum-over-exciton-states formulation is essential to reproduce the correct full frequency dependence. Comparisons with the independent-particle approximation and simple local-field corrections further highlight the decisive role of excitonic many-body effects in shaping the spectral dispersion of optical activity in solids.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

IntentWeave: A Progressive Entry Ladder for Multi-Surface Browser Agents in Cloud Portals

Browser agents built on LLMs can act in web interfaces, yet most remain confined to a single chat surface (e.g., a sidebar). This mismatch with real browsing can increase context-switching and reduce user control. We introduce \textbf{IntentWeave}, a design space of ten spatial paradigms for embedding agentic assistance across a browser, organized as a progressive entry ladder from micro-interventions to dedicated workspaces. We implement IntentWeave as a browser-extension prototype on the Alibaba Cloud website and compare three entry strategies in a within-subjects study (N=16). Workspace-heavy strategies reduced completion time but lowered perceived control; micro-only strategies preserved control but were often insufficient; a mixed sidecar approach achieved the highest satisfaction. We conclude with guidance for escalating and retreating agent surfaces without disrupting user agency.

cs.HC

Optical Activity of Solids from First Principles

Within the framework of independent particle approximation, the optical activity tensor of solids is formulated as from different contributions: the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and band dispersion terms. The first two terms have similar counterparts in the theory of finite systems, while the last term is unique for crystals. The magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transition moments are calculated with a sum-over-states formulation. We apply the formulation to calculate and analyze the optical rotation of elemental tellurium and the circular dichroism of $(6,4)$ carbon nanotube. Decomposed optical activity into different contributions are discussed. The calculated spectra agree well with experiments. As a showcase of achiral crystals, we calculate the optical activity of wurtzite GaN.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Asymptotic long-time behavior of Darcy--Boussinesq convection in layered porous media with narrow transition zones

We study the asymptotic long-time behavior of Darcy--Boussinesq convection in layered porous media with narrow transition zones in the material properties. As the transition-layer width tends to zero, we prove the upper semi-continuous convergence of the global attractor, invariant measure, and Nusselt number to their counterparts in the limiting sharp-interface model. We also show that the global attractors have finite fractal dimensions, with an explicit upper bound uniform in the transition-layer width. The analysis combines a carefully designed background temperature/contaminant profile together with a novel choice of phase space that ensures global well-posedness of the model and asymptotic compactness of the solution semigroup, and a new interpolation inequality. The phase space is associated with fractional powers of the principal elliptic operator with discontinuous coefficients. These results provide a rigorous long-time validation of the sharp-interface Darcy--Boussinesq model and extend our earlier finite-time convergence theory (H. Dong and X. Wang, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 85 (2025), 1621--1642) to the long-time regime.

math.AP

Vanishing permeability limit of convection in multilayer porous media

We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the Boussinesq-Darcy system describing convection in layered porous media in the limit where the permeability of one layer tends to zero. We show that the limiting dynamics are governed by the Boussinesq-Darcy model with an impermeable layer, both in terms of convergence of solutions in L2 on finite time intervals and convergence of the corresponding global attractors. This limit is singular, as the pressure equation becomes degenerate when the permeability vanishes in part of the domain, resulting in a loss of uniqueness of the pressure in the impermeable layer. This difficulty is resolved by combining uniform estimates in the permeable layers with refined control of the pressure equation in the vanishing-permeability layer. The results provide a rigorous description of the zero-permeability limit in layered porous-media convection models.

math.AP

PatchFlow: Leveraging a Flow-Based Model with Patch Features

Die casting plays a crucial role across various industries due to its ability to craft intricate shapes with high precision and smooth surfaces. However, surface defects remain a major issue that impedes die casting quality control. Recently, computer vision techniques have been explored to automate and improve defect detection. In this work, we combine local neighbor-aware patch features with a normalizing flow model and bridge the gap between the generic pretrained feature extractor and industrial product images by introducing an adapter module to increase the efficiency and accuracy of automated anomaly detection. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our approach reduces the error rate by 20\% on the MVTec AD dataset, achieving an image-level AUROC of 99.28\%. Our approach has also enhanced performance on the VisA dataset , achieving an image-level AUROC of 96.48\%. Compared to the state-of-the-art models, this represents a 28.2\% reduction in error. Additionally, experiments on a proprietary die casting dataset yield an accuracy of 95.77\% for anomaly detection, without requiring any anomalous samples for training. Our method illustrates the potential of leveraging computer vision and deep learning techniques to advance inspection capabilities for the die casting industry

cs.CV

Dynamic Topology Awareness: Breaking the Granularity Rigidity in Vision-Language Navigation

Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments (VLN-CE) presents a core challenge: grounding high-level linguistic instructions into precise, safe, and long-horizon spatial actions. Explicit topological maps have proven to be a vital solution for providing robust spatial memory in such tasks. However, existing topological planning methods suffer from a "Granularity Rigidity" problem. Specifically, these methods typically rely on fixed geometric thresholds to sample nodes, which fails to adapt to varying environmental complexities. This rigidity leads to a critical mismatch: the model tends to over-sample in simple areas, causing computational redundancy, while under-sampling in high-uncertainty regions, increasing collision risks and compromising precision. To address this, we propose DGNav, a framework for Dynamic Topological Navigation, introducing a context-aware mechanism to modulate map density and connectivity on-the-fly. Our approach comprises two core innovations: (1) A Scene-Aware Adaptive Strategy that dynamically modulates graph construction thresholds based on the dispersion of predicted waypoints, enabling "densification on demand" in challenging environments; (2) A Dynamic Graph Transformer that reconstructs graph connectivity by fusing visual, linguistic, and geometric cues into dynamic edge weights, enabling the agent to filter out topological noise and enhancing instruction adherence. Extensive experiments on the R2R-CE and RxR-CE benchmarks demonstrate DGNav exhibits superior navigation performance and strong generalization capabilities. Furthermore, ablation studies confirm that our framework achieves an optimal trade-off between navigation efficiency and safe exploration. The code is available at https://github.com/shannanshouyin/DGNav.

cs.CV

Photoinduced metastable cation disorder in metal halide double perovskites

Lead-free perovskites have emerged as environmentally benign alternatives to lead-halide counterparts for optoelectronics. Among them, the double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 family exhibits remarkable white-light emission with proper composition engineering, enabled by strong electron-phonon coupling and the formation of self-trapped excitons (STEs). Despite these advantages, the fundamental photo- and structural dynamics governing their excited-state behavior remain poorly understood. Here, we report a long-lived metastable phase in the Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite family and unravel this process and the concomitant electronic and structural evolution using a suite of tools including transient optical spectroscopy, time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) and X-ray absorption (TR-XAS). We show that the photoinduced, transient metastable phase is associated with B-site (Ag-In) disorder, which induces a dramatically reduced optical bandgap. Supported by TR-XRD and first-principles calculations, the Ag-In disorder drives the formation of Ag-rich and In-rich domains with millisecond lifetimes, with lifetimes increasing at lower temperatures. TR-XAS further reveals that photogenerated STEs oxidize Ag+ to Ag2+, facilitating this highly temporally asymmetric order-disorder transition. Our findings demonstrate a new mechanism, mediated by hole-localized STE formation, that enables prolongation of transient light-induced states to the multi-millisecond regime in double perovskites, opening possibilities to harvesting the functional properties of metastable phases of these materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci