arXiv subjects

Xueqing Yan

Publications and source records attributed to Xueqing Yan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2023

Extremely powerful and frequency-tunable terahertz pulses from a table-top laser-plasma wiggler

The production of broadband, terawatt terahertz (THz) pulses has been demonstrated by irradiating relativistic lasers on solid targets. However, the generation of extremely powerful, narrow-band, and frequency-tunable THz pulses remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel approach for such THz pulses, in which a plasma wiggler is elaborated by a table-top laser and a near-critical density plasma. In such a wiggler, the laser-accelerated electrons emit THz radiations with a period closely related to the plasma thickness. Theoretical model and numerical simulations predict a THz pulse with a laser-THz energy conversion over 2.0$\%$, an ultra-strong field exceeding 80 GV/m, a divergence angle approximately 20$^\circ$, and a center-frequency tunable from 4.4 to 1.5 THz, can be generated from a laser of 430 mJ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this method can work across a wide range of laser and plasma parameters, offering potential for future applications with extremely powerful THz pulse.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2023

On the generation of ultra-bright and low energy spread electron beams in laser wakefield acceleration in a uniform plasma

The quality of electron beams produced from plasma-based accelerators, i.e., normalized brightness and energy spread, has made transformative progress in the past several decades in both simulation and experiment. Recently, full-scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that electron beams with unprecedented brightness ($10^{20}\sim10^{21}~\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{rad}^2$) and $0.1\sim 1$ MeV energy spread can be produced through controlled injection in a slowly expanding bubble that arises when a particle beam or laser pulse propagates in density gradient, or when a particle beam self-focuses in uniform plasma or has a superluminal flying focus. However, in previous simulations of work on self-injection triggered by an evolving laser driver in a uniform plasma, the resulting beams did not exhibit comparable brightnesses and energy spreads. Here, we demonstrate through the use of large-scale high-fidelity PIC simulations that a slowly expanding bubble driven by a laser pulse in a uniform plasma can indeed produce self-injected electron beams with similar brightnesses and energy spreads as for an evolving bubble driven by an electron beam driver. We consider laser spot sizes roughly equal to the matched spot sizes in a uniform plasma and find that the evolution of the bubble occurs naturally through the evolution of the laser. The effects of the electron beam quality on the choice of physical as well as numerical parameters, e.g. grid sizes and field solvers used in the PIC simulations are presented. It is found that this original and simplest injection scheme can produce electron beams with beam quality exceeding that of the more recent concepts.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Ultra-compact attosecond X-ray free-electron lasers utilizing unique beams from plasma-based acceleration and an optical undulator

Accelerator-based X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are the latest addition to the revolutionary tools of discovery for the 21st century. The two major components of an XFEL are an accelerator-produced electron beam and a magnetic undulator which tend to be kilometer-scale long and expensive. Here, we present an ultra-compact scheme to produce 10s of attosecond X-ray pulses with several GW peak power utilizing a novel aspect of the FEL instability using a highly chirped, pre-bunched and ultra-bright electron beam from a plasma-based accelerator interacting with an optical undulator. The self-selection of electrons from the combination of a highly chirped and pre-bunched beam leads to the stable generation of attosecond X-ray pulses. Furthermore, two-color attosecond pulses with sub-femtosecond separation can be produced by adjusting the energy distribution of the electron beam so that multiple FEL resonances occur at different locations within the beam. Such a tunable coherent attosecond X-ray sources may open up a new area of attosecond science enabled by X-ray attosecond pump/probe techniques.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2022

Synchronous post-acceleration of laser-driven protons in helical coil targets by controlling the current dispersion

Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense, ultrashort laser pulses can enhance the ion energy by utilizing the transient current originating from the self-discharging of the targets. The acceleration length of the protons can exceed a few millimeters, and the accelerating gradient is in the order of GeV/m. How to ensure the synchronization of the accelerating electric field with the protons is a crucial problem for an efficient post-acceleration. In this paper, we study how the electric field mismatch induced by the current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of the protons. We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion. With optimized parameters, the energy gain of protons is enhanced by 4 times. And it is expected that the proton energy would reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-terawatt laser, or over 100 MeV using a petawatt laser, by controlling the current dispersion.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2022

High-energy-density plasma in femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array targets for nuclear reactions

In this work, the high-energy-density plasmas (HEDP) evolved from joule-class-femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array (NWA) targets are numerically and experimentally studied. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations indicate that ions accelerated in the sheath field around the nanowires' surface were eventually confined in NWA plasma, contributing most to the high energy densities. The protons emitted from the front surface of targets provide rich information about the interaction. The electron and ion energy densities in a broad target parameter range are given. Compared to planar targets, the ion energy density is one order of magnitude higher, and the volume of the HEDP is several-fold larger. At optimal target parameters, 8% of the laser energy can be converted to confined protons and results in ion energy densities of up to GJ/cm3 level. Experimental measurements of the emitted ions and neutrons from 2H(d, n)3He fusion from polyethylene and deuterated polyethylene NWA targets confirm the above results.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2022

Alpha-particle generation from H-11B fusion initiated by laser-accelerated boron ions

Here we report the generation of MeV alpha-particles from H-11B fusion initiated by laser-accelerated boron ions. Boron ions with maximum energy of 6MeV and fluence of 10^9/MeV/sr@5MeV were generated from 60-nm-thick self-supporting boron nanofoils irradiated by 1J femtosecond pulses at an intensity of 10^19W/cm^2. By bombarding secondary hydrogenous targets with the boron ions, 3*10^5/sr alpha-particles from H-11B fusion were registered, which is consistent with the theoretical yield calculated from the measured boron energy spectra. Our results demonstrate an alternative way toward ultrashort MeV alpha-particle sources employing compact femtosecond lasers. The ion acceleration and product measurement scheme are referential for the studies on the ion stopping power and cross-section of the H-11B reaction in solid or plasma.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2022

Production of multi-oriented polarization for relativistic electron beams via a mutable filter for nonlinear Compton scattering

We propose a feasible scenario to directly polarize a relativistic electron beam and obtain overall polarization in various directions through a filter mechanism for single-shot collision between an ultrarelativistic unpolarized electron beam and an ultraintense circularly polarized laser pulse. The electrons are scattered to a large angular range of several degrees and the polarization states of the electrons are connected with their spatial position after the collision. Therefore, we can employ a filter to filter out a part of the scattered electrons based on their position and obtain high-degree overall polarization for the filtered beam. Through spin-considered Monte-Carlo simulations, polarization with a degree up to 62% in arbitrary transverse directions and longitudinal polarization up to 10% are obtained for the filtered beams at currently achievable laser intensity. We theoretically analyze the distribution formation of the scattered electrons and investigate the influence of different initial parameters through simulations to demonstrate the robustness of our scheme. This scenario provides a simple and flexible way to produce relativistic polarized electron beams for various polarization directions.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2021

A Fast Algorithm for Computing the Deficiency Number of a Mahjong Hand

The tile-based multiplayer game Mahjong is widely played in Asia and has also become increasingly popular worldwide. Face-to-face or online, each player begins with a hand of 13 tiles and players draw and discard tiles in turn until they complete a winning hand. An important notion in Mahjong is the deficiency number (a.k.a. shanten number in Japanese Mahjong) of a hand, which estimates how many tile changes are necessary to complete the hand into a winning hand. The deficiency number plays an essential role in major decision-making tasks such as selecting a tile to discard. This paper proposes a fast algorithm for computing the deficiency number of a Mahjong hand. Compared with the baseline algorithm, the new algorithm is usually 100 times faster and, more importantly, respects the agent's knowledge about available tiles. The algorithm can be used as a basic procedure in all Mahjong variants by both rule-based and machine learning-based Mahjong AI.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2021

Radiative polarization dynamics of relativistic electrons in an intense electromagnetic field

We propose a self-consistent model which utilizes the polarization vector to theoretically describe the evolution of spin polarization of relativistic electrons in an intense electromagnetic field. The variation of radiative polarization due to instantaneous no photon emission is introduced into our model, which extends the applicability of the polarization vector model derived from the nonlinear Compton scattering under local constant crossed-field approximation to the complex electromagnetic environment in laser plasma interaction. According to this model, we develop a Monte Carlo method to simulate the electron spin under the influence of radiation and precession simultaneously. Our model is consistent with the quantum physical picture that spin can only be described by a probability distribution before measurement, and it contains the entire information on the spin. The correctness of our model is confirmed by the successful reproduction of the Sokolov-Ternov effect and the comparison of the simulation results with other models in the literature. The results show the superiority in accuracy, applicability, and computational efficiency of our model, and we believe that our model is a better choice to deal with the electron spin in particle-in-cell simulation for laser plasma interaction.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2021

Local vaccination and systemic tumor suppression via irradiation and manganese adjuvant in mice

Presently 4T-1 luc cells were irradiated with proton under ultra-high dose rate FLASH or with gamma-ray with conventional dose rate, and then subcutaneous vaccination with or without Mn immuno-enhancing adjuvant into the mice for three times. One week later, we injected untreated 4T-1 luc cells on the other side of the vaccinated mice, and found that the untreated 4T-1 luc cells injected later nearly totally did not grow tumor (1/17) while controls without previous vaccination all grow tumors (18/18). The result is very interesting and the findings may help to explore in situ tumor vaccination as well as new combined radiotherapy strategies to effectively ablate primary and disseminated tumors. To our limited knowledge, this is the first paper reporting the high efficiency induction of systemic vaccination suppressing the metastasized/disseminated tumor progression.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2021

Super-Heavy Ions Acceleration Driven by Ultrashort Laser Pulses at Ultrahigh Intensity

The acceleration of super-heavy ions (SHIs) from plasmas driven by ultrashort (tens of femtoseconds) laser pulses is a challenging topic waiting for breakthrough. The detecting and controlling of the ionization process, and the adoption of the optimal acceleration scheme are crucial for the generation of highly energetic SHIs. Here, we report the experimental results on the generation of deeply ionized super-heavy ions (Au) with unprecedented energy of 1.2 GeV utilizing ultrashort laser pulses (22 fs) at the intensity of 10^22 W/cm2. A novel self-calibrated diagnostic method was developed to acquire the absolute energy spectra and charge state distributions of Au ions abundant at the charge state of 51+ and reaching up to 61+. The measured charge state distributions supported by 2D particle-in-cell simulations serves as an additional tool to inspect the ionization dynamics associated with SHI acceleration, revealing that the laser intensity is the crucial parameter for the acceleration of Au ions over the pulse duration. The use of double-layer targets results in a prolongation of the acceleration time without sacrificing the strength of acceleration field, which is highly favorable for the generation of high-energy super heavy ions.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

High-efficiency water-window x-ray generation from nanowire array targets irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses

We demonstrate the high-efficiency generation of water-window soft x-ray emissions from polyethylene nanowire array targets irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses at the intensity of 4*10^19 W/cm^2. The experimental results indicate more than one order of magnitude enhancement of the water-window x-ray emissions from the nanowire array targets compared to the planar targets. The highest energy conversion efficiency from laser to water-window x-rays is measured as 0.5%/sr, which comes from the targets with the longest nanowires. Supported by particle-in-cell simulations and atomic kinetic codes, the physics that leads to the high conversion efficiency is discussed.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Energetic spin-polarized proton beams from two-stage coherent acceleration in laser-driven plasma

We propose a scheme to overcome the great challenge of polarization loss in spin-polarized ion acceleration. When a petawatt laser pulse penetrates through a compound plasma target consisting of a double layer slab and prepolarized hydrogen halide gas, a strong forward moving quasistatic longitudinal electric field is constructed by the self-generated laser-driven plasma. This field with a varying drift velocity efficiently boosts the prepolarized protons via a two-stage coherent acceleration process. Its merit is not only achieving a highly energetic beam but also eliminating the undesired polarization loss of the accelerated protons. We study the proton dynamics via Hamiltonian analyses, specifically deriving the threshold of triggering the two-stage coherent acceleration. To confirm the theoretical predictions, we perform three-dimensional PIC simulations, where unprecedented proton beams with energy approximating half GeV and polarization ratio $\sim$ 94\% are obtained.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Cascaded Generation of a Sub-10-Attosecond Half-Cycle Pulse

Sub-10-attosecond pulses with half-cycle electric fields provide exceptional options to detect and manipulate electrons in the atomic timescale. However, the availability of such pulses is still challenging. Here, we propose a method to generate isolated sub-10-attosecond half-cycle pulses based on a cascade process naturally happening in plasma. A 100s-attosecond pulse is first generated by shooting a moderate overdense plasma with a one-cycle femtosecond pulse. After that, the generated attosecond pulse cascadedly produce a sub-10-attosecond half-cycle pulse in the transmission direction by unipolarly perturbing a nanometer-thin relativistic electron sheet naturally form in the plasma. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations indicate that an isolated half-cycle pulse with the duration of 8.3 attoseconds can be produced. Apart from one-cycle driving pulse, such a scheme also can be realized with a commercial 100-TW 25-fs driving laser by shaping the pulse with a relativistic plasma lens in advance.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Measurements of D-D fusion neutrons generated in nanowire array laser plasma using Timepix3 detector

We present the results of neutron detection in a laser plasma experiment with a CD$_2$ nanowire target. A hybrid semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 covered with neutron converters was used for the detection of neutrons. D-D fusion neutrons were detected in a polyethylene converter through recoiled protons. Both the energy of recoiled protons and the time-of-flight of neutrons (and thus their energy) were determined. We report $(2.4 \pm 1.8) \times 10^7$ neutrons generated for 1~J of incoming laser energy. Furthermore, we proved that Timepix3 is suitable for difficult operational conditions in laser experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

Let's Play Mahjong!

Mahjong is a very popular tile-based game commonly played by four players. Each player begins with a hand of 13 tiles and, in turn, players draw and discard (i.e., change) tiles until they complete a legal hand using a 14th tile. In this paper, we initiate a mathematical and AI study of the Mahjong game and try to answer two fundamental questions: how bad is a hand of 14 tiles? and which tile should I discard? We define and characterise the notion of deficiency and present an optimal policy to discard a tile in order to increase the chance of completing a legal hand within $k$ tile changes for each $k\geq 1$.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2018

Matter creation via gamma-gamma collider driving by 10 PW laser pulses

The nature of matter creation is one of the most basic processes in the universe. According to the quantum electrodynamics theory, matters can be created from pure light through the Breit Wheeler (BW) process. The multi-photon BW process has been demonstrated in 1997 at the SLAC, yet the two-photon BW process has never been observed in the laboratory. Interest has been aroused to investigate this process with lasers due to the developments of the laser technology and the laser based electron accelerators. The laser based proposals may be achieved with NIF and ELI, provided that the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of BW is high enough for observation. Here, we present a clean channel to observe the matter creation via a gamma-gamma collider by using the collimated γ-ray pulses generated in the interaction between 10-PW lasers and narrow tubes. More than $3.2\times 10^8$ positrons with a divergence angle of $\sim 7$ degrees can be created in a single pulse, and the S/N is higher than 2000. This scheme, which provides the first realization of gamma-gamma collider in the laboratory, would pave the developments of quantum electrodynamics, high-energy physics and laboratory astrophysics.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2018

Positioning of Transparent Targets Using Defocusing Method in a Laser Proton Accelerator

We report a positioning method for transparent targets with an accuracy of \SI{2}{μm} for a compact laser proton accelerator. The positioning system consists of two light-emitting diodes (LED), a long working distance objective and two charge coupled devices (CCD) for illumination, imaging and detection, respectively. We developed a defocusing method making transparent targets visible as phase objects and applied it to our system. Precise positioning of transparent targets can be realized by means of minimizing the image contrast of the phase objects. Fast positioning based on the relationship between the radius of spherical aberration ring and defocusing distance is also realized. Laser proton acceleration experiments have been performed to demonstrate the reliability of this positioning system.

physics.app-ph↗