arXiv subjects

Yasar Onel

Publications and source records attributed to Yasar Onel.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

The Extreme Universe Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon II: Mission, Payload, and Flight

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) is a pathfinder mission toward a space-based observatory such as the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA). The aim of POEMMA is the observation of Ultra High Energy COsmic Rays (UHECRs) in order to elucidate their nature and origins and to discover $\gtrsim$ 20 PeV very high energy neutrinos that originate from transient and steady astrophysical sources. EUSO-SPB2 was launched from W\=anaka New Zealand on May 13th, 2023 as a NASA Balloon Program Office test flight. The mission goals included making the first near-space altitude observations of the fluorescence emission from UHECR-induced extensive air showers (EASs) and making the first direct Cherenkov light emission from PeV cosmic rays traversing Earth's atmosphere. In addition, a Target of Opportunity program was developed for selecting and scheduling observations of potential neutrino sources as they passed just below the Earth's limb. Although a leaky balloon forced termination over the Pacific Ocean after 37 hours, data was collected to demonstrate the successful commissioning and operation of the instruments. This paper includes a description of the payload and the key instruments, pre-flight instrument characterizations in the lab and in the desert, flight operations and examples of the data collected. The flight was too short to catch a UHECR event via fluorescence, however about 10 candidate EAS events from cosmic rays were recorded via Cherenkov light.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2024

The EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) flew on May 13$^{\text{th}}$ and 14$^{\text{th}}$ of 2023. Consisting of two novel optical telescopes, the payload utilized next-generation instrumentation for the observations of extensive air showers from near space. One instrument, the fluorescence telescope (FT) searched for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by recording the atmosphere below the balloon in the near-UV with a 1~$μ$s time resolution using 108 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes with a total of 6,912 channels. Validated by pre-flight measurements during a field campaign, the energy threshold was estimated around 2~EeV with an expected event rate of approximately 1 event per 10 hours of observation. Based on the limited time afloat, the expected number of UHECR observations throughout the flight is between 0 and 2. Consistent with this expectation, no UHECR candidate events have been found. The majority of events appear to be detector artifacts that were not rejected properly due to a shortened commissioning phase. Despite the earlier-than-expected termination of the flight, data were recorded which provide insights into the detectors stability in the near-space environment as well as the diffuse ultraviolet emissivity of the atmosphere, both of which are impactful to future experiments.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2024

Study of time and energy resolution of an ultra-compact sampling calorimeter (RADiCAL) module at EM shower maximum over the energy range 25 GeV $\leq$ E $\leq$ 150 GeV

The RADiCAL Collaboration is conducting R\&D on high performance electromagnetic (EM) calorimetry to address the challenges expected in future collider experiments under conditions of high luminosity and/or high irradiation (FCC-ee, FCC-hh and fixed target and forward physics environments). Under development is a sampling calorimeter approach, known as RADiCAL modules, based on scintillation and wavelength-shifting (WLS) technologies and photosensor, including SiPM and SiPM-like technology. The modules discussed herein consist of alternating layers of very dense (W) absorber and scintillating crystal (LYSO:Ce) plates, assembled to a depth of 25 $X_0$. The scintillation signals produced by the EM showers in the region of EM shower maximum (shower max) are transmitted to SiPM located at the upstream and downstream ends of the modules via quartz capillaries which penetrate the full length of the module. The capillaries contain DSB1 organic plastic WLS filaments positioned within the region of shower max, where the shower energy deposition is greatest, and fused with quartz rod elsewhere. The wavelength shifted light from this spatially-localized shower max region is then propagated to the photosensors. This paper presents the results of an initial measurement of the time resolution of a RADiCAL module over the energy range 25 GeV $\leq$ E $\leq$ 150 GeV using the H2 electron beam at CERN. The data indicate an energy dependence of the time resolution that follows the functional form: $σ_{t} = a/\sqrt{E} \oplus b$, where a = 256 $\sqrt{GeV}$~ps and b = 17.5 ps. The time resolution measured at the highest electron beam energy for which data was currently recorded (150 GeV) was found to be $σ_{t}$ = 27 ps.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Beam Test Results of the RADiCAL -- a Radiation Hard Innovative EM Calorimeter

High performance calorimetry conducted at future hadron colliders, such as the FCC-hh, poses a significant challenge for applying current detector technologies due to unprecedented beam luminosities and radiation fields. Solutions include developing scintillators that are capable of separating events at the sub-fifty picosecond level while also maintaining performance after extreme and constant neutron and ionizing radiation exposure. The RADiCAL is an approach that incorporates radiation tolerant materials in a sampling 'shashlik' style calorimeter configuration, using quartz capillaries filled with organic liquid or polymer-based wavelength shifters embedded in layers of tungsten plates and LYSO crystals. This novel design intends to address the Priority Research Directions (PRD) for calorimetry listed in the DOE Basic Research Needs (BRN) workshop for HEP Instrumentation. Here we report preliminary results from an experimental run at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in June 2022. These tests demonstrate that the RADiCAL concept is capable of < 50 ps timing resolution.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

Proton stopping power images from Monte Carlo simulated dual-energy CT scans

We test the feasibility of calculating proton stopping power (SP) from a set of virtual monochromatic (VM) CT images, created with Monte Carlo-generated CT scans, using a dual-energy CT-to-SP procedure. The Monte Carlo CT simulations, with 70 and 150 kVp spectra, were modeled on the x-ray tube parameters of the SOMATOM Force dual-source DECT scanner and the Gammex RMI 467 tissue calibration phantom. Reconstructed SP images were created with two VM x-ray images, and the monochromatic energy pairs were chosen to minimize the SP residual errors using the root-mean-squared-error (RMSE). The contrast of phantom inserts has also been examined, in addition to relative errors of the average reconstructed insert values (which are calculated using the known electron densities and chemical compositions of each material, provided by the manufacturer). Results were also compared to a similar dual-energy-based SP conversion procedure for comparison. Modest reductions in errors and noise were seen in almost all inserts in both low- and high-density configurations of the phantom, with a visible reduction in beam-hardening streaking artifacts. Our Monte Carlo simulated DECT scans confirm the feasibility of previously proposed methods of DECT-based $ S(ρ_e, Z) $-determination. By utilizing VM images and only optimizing the RMSE over specific inserts, the residual error across the most vital bodily tissues may be reduced when extremely low- or high-density tissues are known to be present.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2022

Reconstructed pCT Images Using Monte Carlo Simulations of a Scintillating Glass Detector

The high cost and low image quality traditionally associated with proton computed tomography (pCT) have prevented it from seeing significant use in clinical settings. A cheap, compact, high-density scintillating glass detector capable of being attached to existing proton therapy gantries may help address these concerns. The design of the detector allows for use in conjunction with single-proton counting reconstruction algorithms, as well as beam-based algorithms that do not resolve individual protons within an accelerator bunch. This study presents quantitative reconstructed images of proton stopping power from Monte Carlo generated pCT scans using the radiation transport code MCNP6, demonstrating the feasibility of proton imaging using this detector design. Relative error and contrast have been examined and compared for images reconstructed using two reconstruction algorithms: a standard filtered backprojection algorithm to act as a benchmark, and a variant of a pCT algorithm which utilizes the concept of distance-driven binning.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2022

Tile Multiple-Readout Compensated Calorimetry

We propose extending parallel fiber dual readout calorimetry to tiles, more applicable to many future experimental requirements, with superior energy resolution. Monte Carlo (MC) studies indicate that a tile dual calorimeter including an integral Cerenkov-compensated e-m front end and further longitudinal segmentation, not possible with parallel fibers, has equivalent or better resolution. Besides comparison and tuning with dual tile calorimeter data, a MC can be extended to study other dual and then multiple tile sensors including tiles with higher contrast to em-hadron shower fluctuations with low refractive indices (much lower than quartz or plastic), transition radiation, secondary emission, hydrogenous/non-hydrogenous ionization-sensing, and neutron and ion-fragment sensing tiles for improving dual readout not available with fibers, and beyond to triple or more readout. For example, secondary emission tiles (like dynodes) are very sensitive to ion fragments and low energy neutrons. We suggest MC studies for adding Cerenkov and other tiles to Particle Flow/High Granularity tile calorimeters such CALICE and planned in CMS & ATLAS Phase III upgrades, groups studying future machine(ee,pp,ep) detectors, b-physics, tagged neutrino experiments, and space-based calorimeters.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

Photomultipliers as High Rate Radiation-Resistant In-Situ Sensors in Future Experiments

In the Energy Frontier we suggest developing high rate (100 MHz) finely segmented forward calorimetry preradiators with time resolution <50 ps which will survive the first 1-2 Lint of incident high radiation doses, protecting forward calorimeters 3<y<6; less than 5 degrees to the beam behind them from radiation damage, with high granularity, high rate capability and 30ps time resolution (4D calorimetry) providing lepton and photon ID and measurement. In the Intensity Frontier beam particle selection, such as tagged neutrino and kaon beams, and lepton violation experiments with muons require very high rates. Cosmic Frontiers requiring low power, non-cooled calorimetry or optical detection that can keep track of particles or photons arriving at 100 MHz, and survivable for years in space radiation may also benefit. The basic research is to use compact channelized PMTs with quartz or other radiation resistant windows with metal envelopes as an in-situ sensor, directly coupled to Cerenkov (or radiation-resistant scintillator) tiles, utilizing the dynode signals as a potentially compensating 2nd signal, and with no active electronics. If successful, directions include proposals for high SE yield mesh dynode activator materials such as GaP or B doped diamond films with 25 SEe at 300 eV electron energies, and possibly for compact low cost tile SE sensors with no photocathode, far easier to fabricate than PMTs with all metal final assembly in air, brazed seals; bakeout 900 C; pump out with tipoff - vacuum 100x higher than PMTs. Such sensors have many applications beyond HEP, in research, medicine, industry and defense.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Trinity: An Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope to Search for Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Earth-skimming neutrinos are those which travel through the Earth's crust at a shallow angle. For Ultra-High-Energy (E > 1 PeV; UHE) earth-skimming tau neutrinos, there is a high-probability that the tau lepton created by a neutrino-Earth interaction will emerge from the ground before it decays. When this happens, the decaying tau particle initiates an air shower of relativistic sub-atomic particles which emit Cherenkov radiation. To observe this Cherenkov radiation, we propose the Trinity Observatory. Using a novel optical structure design, pointing at the horizon, Trinity will observe the Cherenkov radiation from upward-going neutrino-induced air showers. Being sensitive to neutrinos in the 1-10,000 PeV energy range, Trinity's expected sensitivity will have a unique role to play filling the gap between the observed astrophysical neutrinos observed by IceCube and the expected sensitivity of radio UHE neutrino detectors.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2021

Overview of Cherenkov Telescope on-board EUSO-SPB2 for the Detection of Very-High-Energy Neutrinos

We present the status of the development of a Cherenkov telescope to be flown on a long-duration balloon flight, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). EUSO-SPB2 is an approved NASA balloon mission that is planned to fly in 2023 and is a precursor of the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), a candidate for an Astrophysics probe-class mission. The purpose of the Cherenkov telescope on-board EUSOSPB2 is to classify known and unknown sources of backgrounds for future space-based neutrino detectors. Furthermore, we will use the Earth-skimming technique to search for Very-High-Energy (VHE) tau neutrinos below the limb (E > 10 PeV) and observe air showers from cosmic rays above the limb. The 0.785 m^2 Cherenkov telescope is equipped with a 512-pixel SiPM camera covering a 12.8° x 6.4° (Horizontal x Vertical) field of view. The camera signals are digitized with a 100 MS/s readout system. In this paper, we discuss the status of the telescope development, the camera integration, and simulation studies of the camera response.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2019

Research and Development for Near Detector Systems Towards Long Term Evolution of Ultra-precise Long-baseline Neutrino Experiments

With the discovery of non-zero value of $θ_{13}$ mixing angle, the next generation of long-baseline neutrino (LBN) experiments offers the possibility of obtaining statistically significant samples of muon and electron neutrinos and anti-neutrinos with large oscillation effects. In this document we intend to highlight the importance of Near Detector facilities in LBN experiments to both constrain the systematic uncertainties affecting oscillation analyses but also to perform, thanks to their close location, measurements of broad benefit for LBN physics goals. A strong European contribution to these efforts is possible.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

Development of Radiation Hard Scintillators

Modern high-energy physics experiments are in ever increasing need for radiation hard scintillators and detectors. In this regard, we have studied various radiation-hard scintillating materials such as Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), our prototype material Scintillator X (SX) and Eljen (EJ). Scintillation and transmission properties of these scintillators are studied using stimulated emission from a 334 nm wavelength UV laser with PMT before and after certain amount of radiation exposure. Recovery from radiation damage is studied over time. While the primary goal of this study is geared for LHC detector upgrades, these new technologies could easily be used for future experiments such as the FCC and ILC. Here we discuss the physics motivation, recent developments and laboratory measurements of these materials.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

Commissioning of CMS Forward Hadron Calorimeters with Upgraded Multi-anode PMTs and μTCA Readout

The high flux of charged particles interacting with the CMS Forward Hadron Calorimeter PMT windows introduced a significant background for the trigger and offline data analysis. During Long Shutdown 1, all of the original PMTs were replaced with multi-anode, thin window photomultiplier tubes. At the same time, the back-end electronic readout system was upgraded to μTCA readout. The experience with commissioning and calibration of the Forward Hadron Calorimeter is described as well as the μTCA system. The upgrade was successful and provided quality data for Run 2 data-analysis at 13 TeV.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

High order QCD predictions for inclusive production of $W$ bosons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$$=13$ TeV

Predictions of fiducial cross sections, differential cross sections and lepton charge asymmetry are presented for the production of $W^{\pm}$ bosons with leptonic decay up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. Differential cross sections of $W^{\pm}$ bosons and W boson lepton charge asymmetry are computed as a function of lepton pseudorapidity for a defined fiducial region in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Numerical results of fiducial $W^{\pm}$ cross section predictions are presented with the latest modern PDF models at next-to-leading order (NLO) and NNLO. It is found that the CT14 and NNPDF 3.0 predictions with NNLO QCD corrections are about 4$\%$ higher than the NLO CT14 and NNPDF 3.0 predictions while MMHT 2014 predictions with NLO QCD corrections are smaller than its NNLO QCD predictions by approximately 6$\%$. In addition, the NNLO QCD corrections reduce the scale variation uncertainty on the cross section by a factor of 3.5. The prediction of central values and considered uncertainties are obtained using FEWZ 3.1 program.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Large Photocathode Photodetectors Using Photon Amplification and Phase-Space Compression

We describe a simple technique to both amplify incident photons and compress their angular x area phase space. These Optical Compressor Amplifier Tubes (OCA Tube) use techniques analogous to image intensifiers, using vacuum photocathodes to detect photons as converted to photoelectrons, amplify the photons via photoelectron bombardment of fast scintillators, and compress the optical phase space onto optical fibers, so that small, high gain photodetectors, like miniature PMT or SiPM, can be used to detect photons from large areas, at comparatively low cost. The properties of and benefits of OCA tubes are described.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

Quartz Plate Calorimetry for CMS HE Upgrade

Analysis of the CMS data and the simulation prediction based on these results indicate that the performance of the current scintillators in the CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeter (HE) tiles will degrade dramatically in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. In order to continue the physics program in this region, the HE tiles will need to be replaced. The new tiles should have comparable/improved performance, be radiation hard, reliable and robust.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

SNOWMASS WHITE PAPER - SLHC Endcap 1.4<y<4 Hadron Optical Calorimetry Upgrades in CMS with Applications to NLC/T-LEP, Intensity Frontier, and Beyond

Radiation damage in the plastic scintillator and/or readout WLS fibers in the HE endcap calorimeter 1.4<y<4 in the CMS experiment at LHC and SLHC will require remediation after 2018. We describe one alternative using the existing brass absorber in the Endcap calorimeter, to replace the plastic scintillator tiles with BaF2 tiles, or quartz tiles coated with thin(1-5 micron) films of radiation-hard pTerphenyl(pTP) or the fast phosphor ZnO:Ga. These tiles would be read-out by easily replaceable arrays of straight, parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear plastic-cladded quartz fibers of proven radiation resistance. We describe a second alternative with a new absorber matrix extending to 1.4<y<4 in a novel Analog Particle Flow Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter, using a dual readout of quartz tiles and scintillating (plastic, BaF2, or pTP/ ZnO:Ga thin film coated quartz, or liquid scintillator) tiles, also using easily replaceable arrays of parallel WLS fibers coupled to clear quartz transmitting fibers for readout. An Analog Particle Flow Scintillator-Cerenkov Compensated Calorimeter has application in NLC/T-LEP detectors and Intensity Frontier detectors.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2013

Snowmass White Paper CMS Upgrade: Forward Lepton-Photon System

This White Paper outlines a proposal for an upgraded forward region to extend CMS lepton (e, mu) and photon physics reach out to 2.2<eta<5 for LHC and SLHC, which also provides better performance for the existing or new forward hadron calorimetry for jet energy and (eta, phi) measurements, especially under pileup/overlaps at high lumi, as LHC luminosity, energy and radiation damage increases.

physics.ins-det↗