Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Yi-Fang Chang

Publications and source records attributed to Yi-Fang Chang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2011

Negative Matter, Repulsion Force, Dark Matter, Phantom and Theoretical Test ----Their Relations with Inflation Cosmos and Higgs Mechanism

First, dark matter is introduced. Next, the Dirac negative energy state is rediscussed. It is a negative matter with some new characteristics, which are mainly the gravitation each other, but the repulsion with all positive matter. Such the positive and negative matters are two regions of topological separation in general case, and the negative matter is invisible. It is the simplest candidate of dark matter, and can explain some characteristics of the dark matter and dark energy. Recent phantom on dark energy is namely a negative matter. We propose that in quantum fluctuations the positive matter and negative matter are created at the same time, and derive an inflation cosmos, which is created from nothing. The Higgs mechanism is possibly a product of positive and negative matter. Based on a basic axiom and the two foundational principles of the negative matter, we research its predictions and possible theoretical tests, in particular, the season effect. The negative matter should be a necessary development of Dirac theory. Finally, we propose the three basic laws of the negative matter. The existence of four matters on positive, opposite, and negative, negative-opposite particles will form the most perfect symmetrical world.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Emergence String and Mass Formulas of Hadrons

Assume that hadrons are formed from the emergence string. Usual string should possess two moving states: oscillation and rotation, so we propose corresponding potential and the equation of the emergence string, whose energy spectrum is namely the GMO mass formula and its modified accurate mass formula. These are some relations between the string and observable experimental data.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Duality, Mechanical Wave Theory, New Quantum Operators and Nonlinear Equations in Quantum Theory

Various dualities are summarized. Based on the universal wave-particle duality, along an opposite direction of the developed quantum mechanics, we use a method where the wave quantities frequency and wave length are replaced on various mechanical equations, and may be derive some new results. It is called the mechanical wave theory. From this we derive new operators which represent more physical quantities. Further, we propose some nonlinear equations and their solutions, which may be probably applied to quantum theory.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Various Decays of Particles, Universal Decay Formulas and Their Possible Dynamic Basis and Applications

The decay modes and fractions in particle physics are some quantitative and very complex questions. Various decays of particles and some known decay formulas are discussed. Many important decays of particles and some known decays of resonances can be generally described by the square of some types of the associated Legendre functions. It is combined with the selection rule, then the agreements are very good. The decay formulas of the similar decay modes are the same. For the same types of particles, the coupling constants are kept to be invariant, and only six constants are independent. The simplest dynamical basis is probably that the decay formulas are the square of the solution of free field equation of the decay particles in the momentum coordinate system. Further, we discuss some general decays and their rules. Finally, we apply the decay formulas to some massive hadrons.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Perfect Structure of the Special Relativity, Superluminal, Neutrino-Photon Mass and New Entangled Interaction

First, some superluminal phenomena and experiments are introduced briefly. Next, based on the basic principles of the special relativity, the Lorentz transformation (LT) with smaller velocity and the general Lorentz transformation (GLT) with larger velocity should be derived simultaneously by the classification of the timelike and the spacelike intervals. In deriving LT, an additional independent hypothesis has been used, thus the values of velocity are restricted absolutely, and the spacelike interval is excluded. LT and GLT are connected by the de Broglie relation. The fundamental properties of any four-vector and the strange characteristic which these tachyons should possess are described. The various superluminal transformations are discussed. Further, we think that LT is unsuitable for photon and neutrino, the photon transformation (PT) is unified for space and time. It may reasonably overcome some existing difficulties, and cannot restrict that the rest mass of photon and neutrino must be zero. LT, GLT and PT together form a complete structure of the Lorentz group. Finally, we discuss that new experiments on the quantum entangled state shown some characters, for example, coherency, nonlocality, quantum teleportation and superluminal. Further, it should be a new fifth interaction, and may probably apply GLT.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Multiply Connected Topological Economics, Confidence Relation and Political Economy

Using the similar formulas of the preference relation and the utility function, we propose the confidence relations and the corresponding influence functions that represent various interacting strengths of different families, cliques and systems of organization. Since they can affect products, profit and prices, etc., in an economic system, and are usually independent of economic results, therefore, the system can produce a multiply connected topological economics. If the political economy is an economy chaperoned polity, it will produce consequentially a binary economy. When the changes of the product and the influence are independent one another, they may be a node or saddle point. When the influence function large enough achieves a certain threshold value, it will form a wormhole with loss of capital. Various powers produce usually the economic wormhole and various corruptions.

math.GM↗
arXiv2009

Social Synergetics, Social Physics and Research of Fundamental Laws in Social Complex Systems

We proposed social synergetics and the four basic theorems, in which theorem of perfect correlation on humanity is researched mathematically. Generally, we discuss the four variables and the eight aspects in social physics. We search social thermodynamics and the five fundamental laws of social complex systems. Then we research different relations among social elements and applications of the nonlinear sociology, for example, for the economic systems. Finally, we discuss the evolutional equation of system and the educational equation.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Moderate Degree of Input Negative Entropy Flow and Decrease of Entropy in Astrophysics, Biology, Psychology and Social Systems

Thermodynamics have been applied to astronomy, biology, psychology, some social systems and so on. But, various evolutions from astronomy to biology and social systems cannot be only increase of entropy. When fluctuations are magnified due to internal interactions, the statistical independence and the second law of the thermodynamics are not hold. The existence of internal interactions is necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated system. We calculate quantitatively the entropy of plasma. Then we discuss the thermodynamics of biology, and obtain a mathematical expression on moderate degree of input negative entropy flow, which is a universal scientific law. Further, the thermodynamics of physiology and psychology, and the thought field are introduced. Qigong and various religious practices are related to these states of order, in which decrease of entropy is shown due to internal interactions of the isolated systems. Finally we discuss possible decrease of entropy in some social systems.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Unified Equations of Boson and Fermion at High Energy and Some Unifications in Particle Physics

We suggest some possible approaches of the unified equations of boson and fermion, which correspond to the unified statistics at high energy. A. The spin terms of equations can be neglected. B. The mass terms of equations can be neglected. C. The known equations of formal unification change to the same. They can be combined each other. We derive the chaos solution of the nonlinear equation, in which the chaos point should be a unified scale. Moreover, various unifications in particle physics are discussed. It includes the unifications of interactions and the unified collision cross sections, which at high energy trend toward constant and rise as energy increases.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Ten Puzzles in Particle Theory and Quarks as Only Possible Magic Particles with Some Symmetries

We propose ten puzzles in particle theory: quark, asymmetries of quantum numbers in the Standard Model, point particle and interaction-distance, mystic Higgs mechanism, possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle and some basic principles, neutrino and its oscillation, uncertainty principle and superstring, the superposition principle and entangled state, the wave property and duality, dark matter and dark energy. In particular, it is discussed that quarks possess many questions, and are possibly only some symmetrical magic particles.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Y-Q and I-U Symmetries, and New Unified Lifetime Formulas of Hadrons

Based on the Y-Q and I-U symmetries between mass and lifetime on the general SU(3) theory, we can derive the lifetime formulas of hyperons and mesons, which agree better with experiments. It is a new method on lifetime of hadrons described by quantum numbers. They are symmetrical with the corresponding mass formulas, and can be unified for mass and lifetime. Further, these formulas may extend to describe masses and lifetime of heavy flavor hadrons.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

New Developed Pattern on Number System, New Number Field and Their Applications in Physics

Based on a brief review on developments of number system, a new developed pattern is proposed. The quaternion is extended to a matrix form aI+bC+cB+dA, in which the unit matrix I and three special matrices C,B,A correspond to number 1 and three units of imaginary number i,j,k, respectively. They form usually a ring. But some fields may be composed of some special 2-rank, even n-rank matrices, for example, three matrices aI+bC, aI+cB, aI+dA and so on. It is a new type of hypercomplex number fields. Finally, the physical applications and possible meaning of the new number system is researched.

math.GM↗
arXiv2009

Nonlinear Quantum Theory, Development of the Superposition Principle and Possible Tests

First, we point out that the present applied superposition principle is linear, it must be developed into a generality. Next, the linear operators and equations should be developed nonlinearly. They will include nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac equations, and corresponding Heisenberg equation. The quantum commutation and anticommutation should be developed. This theory may include the renormalization, which is the correction of Feynman rules of curved closed loops. We think the interaction equations are nonlinear. Many theories, models and phenomena are all nonlinear, for instance, soliton, nonabelian gauge field, and the bag model, etc. The superluminal entangled state, which relates the nonlocal quantum teleportation and nonlinearity, should be a new fifth interaction. Moreover, the NL effects exist possibly for four interactions, for single particle, for high energy, and for small space-time, etc. The relations among NL theory and electroweak unified theory, and QCD, and CP nonconservation, etc., are expounded. Finally, some known and possible tests are discussed. The NL theory relates the possible decrease of entropy in isolated system.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Unification of Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields in Riemannian Geometry

The gravitational field and the source-free electromagnetic field can be unified preliminarily by the equations in the Riemannian geometry, both are contractions of im and ik, respectively. So it will be equivalent to the Yang gravitational equations. From this we can obtain the Lorentz equations of motion, the first system and second source-free system of Maxwell field equations. This unification can be included in the gauge theory, and the unified gauge group is GL(2,C), which is just the same as the gauge group of the Riemanian manifold.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Quantitative Calculations of Decrease of Entropy in Thermodynamics of Microstructure and Sufficient-Necessary Condition of Decrease of Entropy in Isolated System

Firstly, we calculate quantitatively decrease of entropy by the known formulas in the ordering phenomena and nucleation of thermodynamics of microstructure. They show again that a necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated system is existence of internal interactions. Further, sufficient and necessary condition of decrease of entropy is also discussed quantitatively. Then some possible decreases of entropy are researched. A complete symmetrical structure on change of entropy is obtained. The analysis for many experiments and theories shows that the second law of the thermodynamics should be developed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

New Type of Soliton Equation Described Some Statistical Distributions and Nonlinear Equations Unified Quantum Statistics

We proposed a new type of soliton equation, whose solutions may describe some statistical distributions, for example, Cauchy distribution, normal distribution and student distribution, etc. The equation possesses two characters. Further, from an extension of this type of equation we may obtain the exponential distribution, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution in quantum statistics. Moreover, by using the method of the soliton-solution, the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and nonlinear Dirac equations may derive Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, respectively, and both distributions may be unified by the nonlinear equation.

math.GM↗
arXiv2008

Magnetic Moment Formulas of Baryons Determined by Quantum Numbers

We propose that the magnetic moment formulas of baryons may be determined by quantum numbers, and obtain three formulas. This is a new type of magnetic moment formula, and agrees better with the experimental values. It is also similar to corresponding mass formulas of hadrons.

physics.gen-ph↗