arXiv subjects

Yi-Fang Chang

Publications and source records attributed to Yi-Fang Chang.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2008

Decrease of Entropy, Quantum Statistics and Possible Violation of Pauli Exclusion Principle

We propose that a necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated system is existence of internal interactions. Then a theoretical development and some possible examples on decrease of entropy are researched. In quantum region, in particular for some Bose systems, decrease of entropy is more possible. The base of violation of Pauli exclusion principle is unified quantum statistics and attractive interactions, which corresponds also to decrease of entropy with internal interactions. Perhaps, some basis principles have essential relations.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Synergetic Application, Equations on Rule of Law and Two-Party Mechanism

Based on the synergetic equations and its application, we propose the equations on the rule of law. From these equations we may prove mathematically that a society of the rule of law cannot lack any aspect for three types of the legislation, the administration and the judicature. Otherwise, we propose an equation of corruption, and discuss quantitatively some threshold values for a system into corruption. Moreover, from synergetics we obtain the Lorenz model, which may be a visualized two-party mechanism as a type of stable structure in democracy. A developed direction of society should be the combination from macroscopic to microscopic order, from an actual capable handling to an ideal pursuance.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Extended Chaos Theory and Multiparticle Production

First, using the method of the soliton-solution, the fermion probability density equation, which corresponds to the Dirac equation, is derived. Next, we extend the chaos theory, in which the period bifurcation is equivalent to the particle production. Then this extended chaos theory can be used for description of the multiparticle production and the extensive air showers at high energy. Let the parameter takes a suitable value, the quantitative results will be obtained, and an approximate formula will be derived. Many properties of the multiparticle production and of the chaos theory are universal.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Decrease of Entropy and Chemical Reactions

The chemical reactions are very complex, and include oscillation, condensation, catalyst and self-organization, etc. In these case changes of entropy may increase or decrease. The second law of thermodynamics is based on an isolated system and statistical independence. If fluctuations magnified due to internal interactions exist in the system, entropy will decrease possibly. In chemical reactions there are various internal interactions, so that some ordering processes with decrease of entropy are possible on an isolated system. For example, a simplifying Fokker-Planck equation is solved, and the hysteresis as limit cycle is discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Nonlinear Dynamics, Lorenz Model and Formation of Binary Stars

Based on the Lorenz model derived from the equations of hydrodynamics of nebula, we discuss the formation of binary stars by the qualitative analysis theory of nonlinear equation. Here the two wings in the Lorenz model form just the binary stars, whose Roche surface is result of evolution under certain condition. The nonlinear interaction plays a crucial role, and is necessary condition of the formation of binary stars and of multiple stars. While the linear equations form only a single star. Moreover, the Lorenz model may be obtained from synergetics yet, and some dynamical equations of the order parameter can also form the binary star system.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

A New Differential Test for Series of Positive Terms

A new differential test for series of positive terms is proved. Let f(x) be a positive continuous function corresponded to a series of positive terms f(k), and g(x) is a derivative of reciprocal of f(x). Then, the convergence and divergence of the series may be determined from a value of fgx for enough large x. The rest may make the limit form, and is universal and complete.

math.GM↗

arXiv2008

Some New Unifications in Supersymmetry and Higher Dimensional Complex Space

Some new representations of the supersymmetric transformations are derived, and the supermultiplets are introduced. Based on these representations, various formulations (equations, commutation relations, propagators, Jacobi identities, etc.) of bosons and fermions may be unified. On the one hand, the mathematical characteristic of particles is proposed: bosons correspond to real number, and fermions correspond to imaginary number, respectively. Such fermions of even (or odd) number form bosons (or fermions), which is just consistent with a relation between imaginary and real number. The imaginary number is only included in the equations, forms, and matrixes of fermions. It is connected with relativity. On the other hand, the unified forms of supersymmetry are also connected with the statistics unifying Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, and with the possible violation of Pauli exclusion principle; and a unified partition function is obtained. Therefore, one of the possible developments is the higher dimensional complex space.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Mass Formulas Derived by Symmetry Breaking and Prediction of Masses on Heavy Flavor Hadrons

The base is the Lagrangian of symmetry and its dynamical breaking or Higgs breaking. When the soliton-like solutions of the scalar field equations are substituted into the spinor field equations, in the approximation of non-relativity we derive the Morse-type potential, whose energy spectrum is the GMO mass formula and its modified accurate mass formula. According to the symmetry of s-c quarks, the heavy flavor hadrons which made of u,d and c quarks may be classified by SU(3) octet and decuplet. Then some simple mass formulas are obtained, from this we predict some masses of unknown hadrons.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Nonlinear Dynamics, Magnitude-Period Formula and Forecasts on Earthquake

Based on the geodynamics, an earthquake does not take place until the momentum-energy excess a faulting threshold value of rock due to the movement of the fluid layer under the rock layer and the transport and accumulation of the momentum. From the nonlinear equations of fluid mechanics, a simplified nonlinear solution of momentum corresponding the accumulation of the energy could be derived. Otherwise, a chaos equation could be obtained, in which chaos corresponds to the earthquake, which shows complexity on seismology, and impossibility of exact prediction of earthquakes. But, combining the Carlson-Langer model and the Gutenberg-Richter relation, the magnitude-period formula of the earthquake may be derived approximately, and some results can be calculated quantitatively. For example, we forecast a series of earthquakes of 2004, 2009 and 2014, especially in 2019 in California. Combining the Lorenz model, we discuss the earthquake migration to and fro. Moreover, many external causes for earthquake are merely the initial conditions of this nonlinear system.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Loop Quantum Theory Applied to Biology and Nonlinear Whole Biology

The loop quantum theory, which constitutes a very small discontinuous space, as new method is applied to biology. The model of protein folding and lungs is proposed. In the model, some known results are used, and four approximate conclusions are obtained: their structures are quantized, their space regions are finite, various singularities correspond to folding and crossed points, and different types of catastrophe exist. Further, based on the inseparability and correlativity of the biological systems, the nonlinear whole biology is proposed, and four basic hypotheses are formed. It may unify reductionism and holism, structuralism and functionalism. Finally, the medical meaning of the theory is discussed briefly.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Some Nonlinear Equations with Double Solutions: Soliton and Chaos

The fundamental characteristics of soliton and chaos in nonlinear equation are completely different. But all nonlinear equations with a soliton solution may derive chaos. While only some equations with a chaos solution have a soliton. The conditions of the two solutions are different. When some parameters are certain constants, the soliton is derived; while these parameters vary in a certain region, the bifurcation-chaos appears. It connects a chaotic control probably. The double solutions correspond possibly to the wave-particle duality in quantum theory, and connect the double solution theory of the nonlinear wave mechanics. Some nonlinear equations possess soliton and chaos, whose new meanings are discussed briefly in mathematics, physics and particle theory.

math.GM↗

arXiv2007

Gravitational Collapse and Radiation of Grand Unified Theory

The infinite gravitational collapse of any supermassive stars should pass through an energy scale of the grand unified theory (GUT). After nucleon-decays, the supermassive star will convert nearly all its mass into energy, and produce the radiation of GUT. It may probably explain some ultrahigh energy puzzles in astrophysics, for example, quasars and gamma-ray bursts (GRB), etc. This is similar with a process of the Big Bang Universe with a time-reversal evolution in much smaller space scale and mass scale. In this process the star seems be a true white hole.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Possible Outlet of Test on Violation of Pauli Exclusion Principle

The present experimental tests have proved high precisely the validity of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) in usual cases. The future experiments should be combined widely with various theories of hidden and obvious violation of PEP. Author think that known experiments and theories seem to imply the violation at high energy. Some possible tests have been proposed in particle physics, nuclei at high energy and astrophysics, etc., in particular, the excited high-n atoms and multi-quark states. Moreover, the violation is possibly relevant to the nonlinear quantum theory, in which the present linear superposition principle may not hold. Finally, the possible violation at very low temperature is discussed. These experiments may be connected with tests of other basic principles, for example, the present wave property, possible decrease of entropy due to internal interactions in isolated systems, and PCT invariance, etc.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Fractal Relativity, Generalized Noether Theorem and New Research of Space-Time

First, let the fractal dimension D=n(integer)+d(decimal), so the fractal dimensional matrix was represented by a usual matrix adds a special decimal row (column). We researched that mathematics, for example, the fractal dimensional linear algebra, and physics may be developed to fractal and the complex dimension extended from fractal. From this the fractal relativity is discussed, which connects with self-similarity Universe and the extensive quantum theory. The space dimension has been extended from real number to superreal and complex number. Combining the quaternion, etc., the high dimensional time is introduced. Such the vector and irreversibility of time are derived. Then the fractal dimensional time is obtained, and space and time possess completely symmetry. It may be constructed preliminarily that the higher dimensional, fractal, complex and supercomplex space-time theory covers all. We propose a generalized Noether theorem, and irreversibility of time should correspond to non-conservation of a certain quantity. Resumed reversibility of time and possible decrease of entropy are discussed. Finally, we obtain the quantitative relations between energy-mass and space-time, which is consistent with the space-time uncertainty relation in string theory.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

The Extensive Special Relativity and Comment on Local Lorentz Transformation in Varying Speed of Light Theory

It is proved that local Lorentz transformations for different systems cannot derive varying speed of light. Based on the special relativity principle, an invariant speed is necessarily obtained. Therefore, the exact basic principles of the special relativity should be redefined as: I. The special relativity principle, which derives necessarily an invariant speed. II. Suppose that the invariant speed in the theory is the speed of light in the vacuum c. If the second principle does not hold, for example, the superluminal motions exist, the theory will be still the extensive special relativity, in which the formulations are the same, only c is replaced by the invariant speed. If the invariant speed are various invariant velocities, the diversity of space-time will correspond to many worlds. Varying speed of light theory is probably connected only with the general relativity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Universal 2+1-Dimensional Plane Equations in General Relativity and Evolutions of Disk Nebula

The general relativity is the base for any exact evolutionary theory of large scale structures. We calculate the universal 2+1-dimensional plane equations of gravitational field in general relativity. Based on the equations, the evolutions of disk nebula are discussed. A system of nebula can form binary stars or single star for different conditions. While any simplified linear theory forms only a single star system. It is proved that the nonlinear interactions are very general, so the binary stars are also common.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2007

Query on Negative Temperature, Internal Interactions and Decrease of Entropy

After negative temperature is restated, we find that it will derive necessarily decrease of entropy. Negative temperature is based on the Kelvin scale and the condition dU>0 and dS<0. Conversely, there is also negative temperature for dU<0 and dS>0. But, negative temperature is contradiction with usual meaning of temperature and with some basic concepts of physics and mathematics. It is a question in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We proposed a possibility of decrease of entropy due to fluctuation magnified and internal interactions in some isolated systems. From this we discuss some possible examples and theories.

physics.gen-ph↗