arXiv subjects

Yong-Ik Byun

Publications and source records attributed to Yong-Ik Byun.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2018

New Photometric Pipeline to Explore Temporal and Spatial Variability with KMTNet DEEP-South Observations

The DEEP-South photometric census of small Solar System bodies produces massive time-series data of variable, transient or moving objects as a by-product. To fully investigate unexplored variable phenomena, we present an application of multi-aperture photometry and FastBit indexing techniques for faster access to a portion of the DEEP-South year-one data. Our new pipeline is designed to perform automated point source detection, robust high-precision photometry and calibration of non-crowded fields which have overlap with previously surveyed areas. In this paper, we show some examples of catalog-based variability searches to find new variable stars and to recover targeted asteroids. We discover 21 new periodic variables with period ranging between 0.1 and 31 days, including four eclipsing binary systems (detached, over-contact, and ellipsoidal variables), one white dwarf/M dwarf pair candidate, and rotating variable stars. We also recover astrometry ($<\pm$1--2 arcsec level accuracy) and photometry of two targeted near-earth asteroids, 2006 DZ169 and 1996 SK, along with the small- ($\sim$0.12 mag) and relatively large-amplitude ($\sim$0.5 mag) variations of their dominant rotational signals in $R$-band.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2016

Repetitive Patterns in Rapid Optical Variations in the Nearby Black-hole Binary V404 Cygni

How black holes accrete surrounding matter is a fundamental, yet unsolved question in astrophysics. It is generally believed that matter is absorbed into black holes via accretion disks, the state of which depends primarily on the mass-accretion rate. When this rate approaches the critical rate (the Eddington limit), thermal instability is supposed to occur in the inner disc, causing repetitive patterns of large-amplitude X-ray variability (oscillations) on timescales of minutes to hours. In fact, such oscillations have been observed only in sources with a high mass accretion rate, such as GRS 1915+105. These large-amplitude, relatively slow timescale, phenomena are thought to have physical origins distinct from X-ray or optical variations with small amplitudes and fast ($\lesssim$10 sec) timescales often observed in other black hole binaries (e.g., XTE J1118+480 and GX 339-4). Here we report an extensive multi-colour optical photometric data set of V404 Cygni, an X-ray transient source containing a black hole of nine solar masses (and a conpanion star) at a distance of 2.4 kiloparsecs. Our data show that optical oscillations on timescales of 100 seconds to 2.5 hours can occur at mass-accretion rates more than ten times lower than previously thought. This suggests that the accretion rate is not the critical parameter for inducing inner-disc instabilities. Instead, we propose that a long orbital period is a key condition for these large-amplitude oscillations, because the outer part of the large disc in binaries with long orbital periods will have surface densities too low to maintain sustained mass accretion to the inner part of the disc. The lack of sustained accretion -- not the actual rate -- would then be the critical factor causing large-amplitude oscillations in long-period systems.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2014

The EPOCH Project: I. Periodic variable stars in the EROS-2 LMC database

The EPOCH (EROS-2 periodic variable star classification using machine learning) project aims to detect periodic variable stars in the EROS-2 light curve database. In this paper, we present the first result of the classification of periodic variable stars in the EROS-2 LMC database. To classify these variables, we first built a training set by compiling known variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud area from the OGLE and MACHO surveys. We crossmatched these variables with the EROS-2 sources and extracted 22 variability features from 28 392 light curves of the corresponding EROS-2 sources. We then used the random forest method to classify the EROS-2 sources in the training set. We designed the model to separate not only $δ$ Scuti stars, RR Lyraes, Cepheids, eclipsing binaries, and long-period variables, the superclasses, but also their subclasses, such as RRab, RRc, RRd, and RRe for RR Lyraes, and similarly for the other variable types. The model trained using only the superclasses shows 99% recall and precision, while the model trained on all subclasses shows 87% recall and precision. We applied the trained model to the entire EROS-2 LMC database, which contains about 29 million sources, and found 117 234 periodic variable candidates. Out of these 117 234 periodic variables, 55 285 have not been discovered by either OGLE or MACHO variability studies. This set comprises 1 906 $δ$ Scuti stars, 6 607 RR Lyraes, 638 Cepheids, 178 Type II Cepheids, 34 562 eclipsing binaries, and 11 394 long-period variables. A catalog of these EROS-2 LMC periodic variable stars will be available online at http://stardb.yonsei.ac.kr and at the CDS website (http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR).

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arXiv2013

Rotational properties of Maria asteroid family

Maria family is regarded as an old-type (~3 +/- 1 Gyr) asteroid family which has experienced substantial collisional and dynamical evolution in the Main-belt. It is located nearby the 3:1 Jupter mean motion resonance area that supplies Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) to the inner Solar System. We carried out observations of Maria family asteroids during 134 nights from 2008 July to 2013 May, and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects, including newly obtained periods of 34 asteroids. We found that there is a significant excess of fast and slow rotators in observed rotation rate distribution. The two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms that the spin rate distribution is not consistent with a Maxwellian at a 92% confidence level. From correlations among rotational periods, amplitudes of lightcurves, and sizes, we conclude that the rotational properties of Maria family asteroids have been changed considerably by non-gravitational forces such as the YORP effect. Using a lightcurve inversion method (Kaasalainen & Torppa 2001; Kaasalainen et al. 2001), we successfully determined the pole orientations for 13 Maria members, and found an excess of prograde versus retrograde spins with a ratio (N_p/N_r) of 3. This implies that the retrograde rotators could have been ejected by the 3:1 resonance into the inner Solar System since the formation of Maria family. We estimate that approximately 37 to 75 Maria family asteroids larger than 1 km have entered the near-Earth space every 100 Myr.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2013

Statistical Properties of Galactic δ Scuti Stars: Revisited

We present statistical characteristics of 1,578 δ Scuti stars including nearby field stars and cluster member stars within the Milky Way. We obtained 46% of these stars (718 stars) from the works done by Rodríguez and collected the remaining 54% stars (860 stars) from other literatures. We updated the entries with the latest information of sky coordinate, color, rotational velocity, spectral type, period, amplitude and binarity. The majority of our sample are well characterized in terms of typical period range (0.02-0.25 days), pulsation amplitudes (<0.5 mag) and spectral types (A-F type). Given this list of δ Scuti stars, we examined relations between their physical properties (i.e., periods, amplitudes, spectral types and rotational velocities) for field stars and cluster members, and confirmed that the correlations of properties are not significantly different from those reported in the Rodríguez's works. All the δ Scuti stars are cross-matched with several X-ray and UV catalogs, resulting in 27 X-ray and 41 UV-only counterparts. These counterparts are interesting targets for further study because of their rarity and uniqueness in showing δ Scuti-type variability and X-ray/UV emission at the same time. The compiled catalog can be accessed through the web interface http://stardb.yonsei.ac.kr/DeltaScuti

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arXiv2012

Detecting Variability in Massive Astronomical Time-Series Data II: Variable Candidates in the Northern Sky Variability Survey

We present variability analysis of data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS). Using the clustering method which defines variable candidates as outliers from large clusters, we cluster 16,189,040 light curves, having data points at more than 15 epochs, as variable and non-variable candidates in 638 NSVS fields. Variable candidates are selected depending on how strongly they are separated from the largest cluster and how rarely they are grouped together in eight dimensional space spanned by variability indices. All NSVS light curves are also cross-correlated to the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, AKARI, Two Micron All Sky Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and Galaxy Evolution Explorer objects as well as known objects in the SIMBAD database. The variability analysis and cross-correlation results are provided in a public online database which can be used to select interesting objects for further investigation. Adopting conservative selection criteria for variable candidates, we find about 1.8 million light curves as possible variable candidates in the NSVS data, corresponding to about 10% of our entire NSVS samples. Multi-wavelength colors help us find specific types of variability among the variable candidates. Moreover, we also use morphological classification from other surveys such as SDSS to suppress spurious cases caused by blending objects or extended sources due to the low angular resolution of the NSVS.

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arXiv2011

A Refined QSO Selection Method Using Diagnostics Tests: 663 QSO Candidates in the LMC

We present 663 QSO candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) selected using multiple diagnostics. We started with a set of 2,566 QSO candidates from our previous work selected using time variability of the MACHO LMC lightcurves. We then obtained additional information for the candidates by crossmatching them with the Spitzer SAGE, the MACHO UBVI, the 2MASS, the Chandra and the XMM catalogs. Using this information, we specified six diagnostic features based on mid-IR colors, photometric redshifts using SED template fitting, and X-ray luminosities in order to further discriminate high confidence QSO candidates in the absence of spectra information. We then trained a one-class SVM (Support Vector Machine) model using the diagnostics features of the confirmed 58 MACHO QSOs. We applied the trained model to the original candidates and finally selected 663 high confidence QSO candidates. Furthermore, we crossmatched these 663 QSO candidates with the newly confirmed 144 QSOs and 275 non-QSOs in the LMC fields. On the basis of the counterpart analysis, we found that the false positive rate is less than 1%.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2011

QSO Selection Algorithm Using Time Variability and Machine Learning: Selection of 1,620 QSO Candidates from MACHO LMC Database

We present a new QSO selection algorithm using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a supervised classification method, on a set of extracted times series features including period, amplitude, color, and autocorrelation value. We train a model that separates QSOs from variable stars, non-variable stars and microlensing events using 58 known QSOs, 1,629 variable stars and 4,288 non-variables using the MAssive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) database as a training set. To estimate the efficiency and the accuracy of the model, we perform a cross-validation test using the training set. The test shows that the model correctly identifies ~80% of known QSOs with a 25% false positive rate. The majority of the false positives are Be stars. We applied the trained model to the MACHO Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) dataset, which consists of 40 million lightcurves, and found 1,620 QSO candidates. During the selection none of the 33,242 known MACHO variables were misclassified as QSO candidates. In order to estimate the true false positive rate, we crossmatched the candidates with astronomical catalogs including the Spitzer Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) LMC catalog and a few X-ray catalogs. The results further suggest that the majority of the candidates, more than 70%, are QSOs.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2009

Detecting Variability in Massive Astronomical Time-Series Data I: application of an infinite Gaussian mixture model

We present a new framework to detect various types of variable objects within massive astronomical time-series data. Assuming that the dominant population of objects is non-variable, we find outliers from this population by using a non-parametric Bayesian clustering algorithm based on an infinite GaussianMixtureModel (GMM) and the Dirichlet Process. The algorithm extracts information from a given dataset, which is described by six variability indices. The GMM uses those variability indices to recover clusters that are described by six-dimensional multivariate Gaussian distributions, allowing our approach to consider the sampling pattern of time-series data, systematic biases, the number of data points for each light curve, and photometric quality. Using the Northern Sky Variability Survey data, we test our approach and prove that the infinite GMM is useful at detecting variable objects, while providing statistical inference estimation that suppresses false detection. The proposed approach will be effective in the exploration of future surveys such as GAIA, Pan-Starrs, and LSST, which will produce massive time-series data.

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arXiv2009

De-Trending Time Series for Astronomical Variability Surveys

We present a de-trending algorithm for the removal of trends in time series. Trends in time series could be caused by various systematic and random noise sources such as cloud passages, changes of airmass, telescope vibration or CCD noise. Those trends undermine the intrinsic signals of stars and should be removed. We determine the trends from subsets of stars that are highly correlated among themselves. These subsets are selected based on a hierarchical tree clustering algorithm. A bottom-up merging algorithm based on the departure from normal distribution in the correlation is developed to identify subsets, which we call clusters. After identification of clusters, we determine a trend per cluster by weighted sum of normalized light-curves. We then use quadratic programming to de-trend all individual light-curves based on these determined trends. Experimental results with synthetic light-curves containing artificial trends and events are presented. Results from other de-trending methods are also compared. The developed algorithm can be applied to time series for trend removal in both narrow and wide field astronomy.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

GALEX Observations of an Energetic Ultraviolet Flare on the dM4e Star GJ 3685A

The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) satellite has obtained high time resolution ultraviolet photometry during a large flare on the M4 dwarf star GJ 3685A. Simultaneous NUV (1750 - 2800A) and FUV (1350 - 1750A) time-tagged photometry with time resolution better than 0.1 s shows that the overall brightness in the FUV band increased by a factor of 1000 in 200 s. Under the assumption that the NUV emission is mostly due to a stellar continuum, and that the FUV flux is shared equally between emission lines and continuum, then there is evidence for two distinct flare components for this event. The first flare type is characterized by an exponential increase in flux with little or no increase in temperature. The other involves rapid increases in both temperature and flux. While the decay time for the first flare component may be several hours, the second flare event decayed over less than 1 minute, suggesting that there was little or no confinement of the heated plasma.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

The Galex Ultraviolet Variability (GUVV) Catalog

We present Version 1.0 of the NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet variability catalog (GUVV) that contains information on 84 time-variable and transient sources gained with simultaneous near and far ultraviolet photometric observations. These time-variable sources were serendipitously revealed in the various 1.2 degree star fields currently being surveyed by the GALEX satellite in two ultraviolet bands (NUV 1750-2750A, FUV 1350-1750A) with limiting AB magnitudes of 23-25. The largest-amplitude variable objects presently detected by GALEX are M-dwarf flare stars, which can brighten by 5-10 mag in both the NUV and FUV bands during short duration (< 500s) outbursts. Other types of large-amplitude ultraviolet variable objects include ab-type RR Lyrae stars, which can vary periodically by 2-5mag in the GALEX FUV band. This first GUVV catalog lists galactic positions and possible source identifications in order to provide the astronomical community with a list of time-variable objects that can now be repeatedly observed at other wavelengths. We expect the total number of time-variable source detections to increase as the GALEX mission progresses, such that later version numbers of the GUVV catalog will contain substantially more variable sources.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The Properties of Ultraviolet-Luminous Galaxies at the Current Epoch

We have used the first matched set of GALEX and SDSS data to investigate the properties of a sample of 74 nearby galaxies with far-ultraviolet luminosities chosen to overlap the luminosity range of typical high-z Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). GALEX deep surveys have shown that ultraviolet-luminous galaxies (UVLGs) similar to these are the fastest evolving component of the UV galaxy population. Model fits to the combined GALEX and SDSS photometry yield typical FUV extinctions similar to LBGs. The implied star formation rates are SFR ~ 3 to 30 solar mass per year. This overlaps the range of SFRs for LBGs. We find a strong inverse correlation between galaxy mass and far-ultraviolet surface brightness, and on this basis divide the sample into ``large'' and ``compact'' UVLGs. The compact UVLGs have half-light radii of a few kpc or less (similar to LBGs). They are relatively low mass galaxies (~10 billion solar masses) with typical velocity dispersions of 60 to 150 km/s. They span a range in metallicity from 0.3 to 1 times solar, have blue optical-UV colors, and are forming stars at a rate sufficient to build the present galaxy in ~a Gigayear. In all these respects they appear similar to the LBG population. These ``living fossils'' may therefore provide an opportunity for detailed investigation of the physical processes occurring in typical star forming galaxies in the early universe.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Classification and Characterization of Objects from GALEX and SDSS surveys

We use the GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Medium Imaging Survey (MIS) and All-Sky Imaging Survey (AIS) data available in the first internal release, matched to the SDSS catalogs in the overlapping regions, to classify objects by comparing the multi-band photometry to model colors. We show an example of the advantage of such broad wavelength coverage (GALEX far-UV and near-UV, SDSS ugriz) in classifying objects and augmenting the existing samples and catalogs. From the MIS [AIS] sample over an area of 75 [92] square degrees, we select a total of 1736 [222] QSO candidates at redshift less than 2, significantly extending the number of fainter candidates, and moderately increasing the number of bright objects in the SDSS list of spectroscopically confirmed QSO. Numerous hot stellar objects are also revealed by the UV colors, as expected.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The UV Galaxy Luminosity Function in the Local Universe from GALEX Data

We present the results of a determination of the galaxy luminosity function at ultraviolet wavelengths at redshifts of $z=0.0-0.1$ from GALEX data. We determined the luminosity function in the GALEX FUV and NUV bands from a sample of galaxies with UV magnitudes between 17 and 20 that are drawn from a total of 56.73 deg^2 of GALEX fields overlapping the b_j-selected 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The resulting luminosity functions are fainter than previous UV estimates and result in total UV luminosity densities of 10^(25.55+/-0.12) ergs s^-1 Hz^-1 Mpc^-3 and 10^(25.72+/-0.12) ergs s^-1 Hz^-1 Mpc^-3 at 1530 Ang. and 2310 Ang., respectively. This corresponds to a local star formation rate density in agreement with previous estimates made with H-alpha-selected data for reasonable assumptions about the UV extinction.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

UV emission and Star Formation in Stephan's Quintet

we present the first GALEX UV images of the well known interacting group of galaxies, Stephan's Quintet (SQ). We detect widespread UV emission throughout the group. However, there is no consistent coincidence between UV structure and emission in the optical, Hα, or HI. Excluding the foreground galaxy NGC7320 (Sd), most of the UV emission is found in regions associated with the two spiral members of the group, NGC7319 and NGC7318b, and the intragroup medium starburst SQ-A. The extinction corrected UV data are analyzed to investigate the overall star formation activity in SQ. It is found that the total star formation rate (SFR) of SQ is 6.69+-0.65 M_\sun/yr. Among this, 1.34+-0.16 M_sun/yr is due to SQ-A. This is in excellent agreement with that derived from extinction corrected Hαluminosity of SQ-A. The SFR in regions related to NGC 7319 is 1.98+-0.58 M_\sun/yr, most of which(68%) is contributed by the disk. The contribution from the 'young tail' is only 15%. In the UV, the 'young tail' is more extended (~100 kpc) and shows a loop-like structure, including the optical tail, the extragalactic HII regions recently discovered in Hα, and other UV emission regions discovered for the first time. The UV and optical colors of the 'old tail' are consistent with a single stellar population of age t ~10^{8.5+-0.4} yrs. The UV emission associated with NGC 7318b is found in a very large (~80 kpc) disk, with a net SFR of 3.37+-0.25 M_sun/yr. Several large UV emission regions are 30 -- 40 kpc away from the nucleus of NGC7318b. Although both NGC7319 and NGC7318b show peculiar UV morphology, their SFR is consistent with that of normal Sbc galaxies, indicating that the strength of star formation activity is not enhenced by interactions.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Number Counts of GALEX Sources in FUV (1530A) and NUV (2310A) Bands

Number Counts of galaxies in two GALEX bands (FUV: 1530A and NUV: 2310A, both in AB magnitudes) are reported. They provide for the first time in the literature homogeneously calibrated number counts of UV galaxies covering continuously a very wide range of UV magnitude (14 -- 23.8). Both the FUV and NUV counts are inconsistent with a non-evolution model, while they are in good agreement with evolution models (essentially luminosity evolution) derived from the high-z UV luminosity functions of Arnouts et al. (2004). It is found that the contribution from galaxies detected by GALEX to the UV background is 0.68+-0.10 nW m-2 sr-1 at 1530A and 0.99+-0.15 nW m-2 sr-1 at 2310A. These are 66+-9% and 44+-6% of the total contributions of galaxies to the the UV background at 1530A, respectively, as estimated using the evolution models. ...

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The Star Formation Rate Function of the Local Universe

We have derived the bivariate luminosity function for the far ultraviolet (1530Angstroms) and far infrared (60 microns). We used matched GALEX and IRAS data, and redshifts from NED and PSC-z. We have derived a total star formation luminosity function phi(L_{tot}), with L_{tot} = L_{FUV}+L_{FIR}. Using these, we determined the cosmic ``star formation rate'' function and density for the local universe. The total SFR function is fit very well by a log-normal distribution over five decades of luminosity. We find that the bivariate luminosity function phi(L_{FUV},L_{FIR}) shows a bimodal behavior, with L_{FIR} tracking L_{FUV} for L_{TOT}< 10^10 L_sun, and L_{FUV} saturating at 10^10 L_sun, while L_{TOT} L_{FIR} for higher luminosities. We also calculate the SFR density and compare it to other measurements.

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